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1 考研英语二语法与长难句王丽学习目标什么是强调句? 构建强调句的方法有哪些? 什么是倒装句? 倒装句的分类和使用规则有哪些? 什么是否定句? 包含否定词汇的句子如何理解? 1

2 强调句定义 : 一种修辞手法, 突出句中的部分内容三种构成手段 : 解密强调句词汇手段规则 1.1: 在谓语动词前使用助动词 do 表示强调原形 :I appreciate your help. 强调 : 原形 :The method worked. 强调 : 注意 : 谓语部分不能有其他的助动词 He has realized his dream. 2

3 解密强调句词汇手段规则 1.2: 在句中使用有强调含义的词或者词组常见结构 :very; thoroughly, badly, highly; on earth 1. That is the very textbook we used last year. 2. The police searched the room thoroughly. 3. The school is badly in need of some new computers. 4. This issue is highly important. 5. What on earth is it? 解密强调句语序手段规则 2: 调整句子语序, 将需要强调的部分前置原形 :Press the red button to switch on the machine. 强调 :To switch on the machine, press the red button. 原形 :Although he is exhausted, he keeps on working. 强调 :Exhausted as he is, he keeps on working. 3

4 解密强调句句式手段规则 3: 采用强调句式, 突出被强调部分公式 :It is(was)+ 被强调成分 +that/who 强调成分 :1) ; 2) ; 3) 注意 : 若强调表示人的成分, 用 who 或 that; 如果是其他情况, 则一律用 that 原句 :My colleagues conducted the research in China last year. 解密强调句句式手段 Step 1: 确定需要强调的成分 My colleagues conducted the research in China last year. Step 2: 将该成分插入 It is that 中强调主语强调宾语强调时间状语强调地点状语 It was my colleagues who conducted the research in China last year. It was the research that my colleagues conducted in China last year. It was last year that my colleagues conducted the research in China. It was in China that my colleagues conducted the research last year. 4

5 解密强调句写作注意 : 强调时间和地点状语时连接词必须用 that, 不能用 when 或 where 原形 :The woman was robbed in front of the bank. 强调 :It was in front of the bank that the woman was robbed. 原形 :When Tony was 10 years old, his talent for writing was shown. 强调 :It was when Tony was 10 years old that his talent for writing was shown. 解密强调句阅读理解注意 : 当被强调的成分有修饰结构时, 修饰结构也应随强调成分提前原句 : Paul learned to conduct experiments from his father, a chemistry teacher. 强调 :It was from his father, a chemistry teacher, that Paul learned to conduct experiments. 练习 :It was in a house that was located in the central part of the city that the old man was found. 还原 :The old man was found in a house that was located in the central part of the city. 5

6 强调结构小结什么是强调句? 构建强调句的方法有哪些? 倒装句正常语序 : 倒装句 : 谓语放在主语前面的句子主 + 谓主 + 谓语 ( 系 )+ 表主 + 谓 + 宾主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾主 + 谓 + 宾 + 补 6

7 谓语的构成误区 : 谓语就是一个动词谓语部分 = 核心动词 + 辅助动词修正 : 有时谓语部分只包含一个动词 ; 有时谓语部分包含多个动词 He escaped. He might be a policeman. 辅助动词 : 情态动词 vs. 助动词 She doesn t support the proposal. The apple has been eaten. The report will have been finished by next week. 辅助动词情态动词情态动词 : 协助主要动词构成谓语部分, 表示语气态度的词常见情态动词 :can/could, may/might, must, need, ought to, shall/should, will/would 等 She can analyze long sentences on her own. He must be a priest. 7

8 辅助动词助动词助动词 : 协助主要动词构成谓语部分的词, 表示时态语态等助动词 :do, have, be Do you play basketball? I don t like garlic. They did write that novel together. He has won the election. I am speaking English. The cake is eaten by the kids. 倒装的种类 1. 完全倒装 : 指将句子中的谓语部分全部置于主语之前 2. 部分倒装 : 指将谓语的一部分提到主语前, 而谓语的核心动词位置不变, 仍放在主语之后 8

9 解密完全倒装规则 1.1: 为了表示强调, 可以把状语放在句首, 句子采用全部倒装的语序常见结构 :here, there, out, away;under, on, in front of 原形 :The woman rushed out. 倒装 :Out rushed the woman. 练习 :A villa sits on the north bank of the river. 倒装 : 解密完全倒装规则 1.2: 为了表示强调, 可以把表语放在句首, 句子采用全部倒装的语序注意 :1) 句子头重脚轻 ;2) 强调表语原形 :Those who are contented are happy. 倒装 :Happy are those who are contented. 原形 :Your experience is more important than your academic performance. 倒装 : 9

10 解密完全倒装规则 2: 在 There be 句型中, there 是引导词, be 是谓语动词, 主语放在 be 动词的后面原形 :A cup is on the desk. 倒装 :There is a cup on the desk. 注意 : There be 结构中的谓语动词 be 也可以换成表达存在有等含义的动词 ( 如 live, stand, lie) 原形 :A mountain lies in front of the house. 倒装 : There+be 结构写作 1. 存在有 vs. 归属有 There is a book on the table. The table has a book. I have a book. 2. 主谓一致问题 There many students in the classroom. There some water in the bottle. 10

11 There+be 结构写作 3. 有许多人做某事 E.g. 有许多人出国旅游 There are a great deal of people travel abroad every year. 修改 : 修改 : 4. 特殊搭配 : 毋庸置疑 is no doubt that There is no doubt that our educational system requires improvement. 解密部分倒装定义 : 指将谓语的一部分提到主语前, 而谓语的核心动词位置不变, 仍放在主语之后前移部分 : 1) 情态动词 2) 助动词 :do, have, be 11

12 解密部分倒装规则 1: 将含有否定意义的词或词组放置句首表示强调时, 要将辅助动词放在主语之前, 而谓语部分的核心动词位置不变常见词汇 :never, seldom, scarcely, hardly 原形 :I have never seen such a terrible behavior. Step 1: 否定词提前 Step 2: 助动词提前倒装 : 练习 :She seldom reads newspapers. 倒装 : 解密部分倒装规则 2: 当 only 所修饰的状语 ( 副词介词短语 ) 被前置于句首时, 主句用部分倒装 E.g. 只有采用这种方法才能解决该问题原形 :The problem can be effectively solved only in this way. 倒装 : 注意 : 如果 only 修饰的是主语, 则不需倒装 Only a few young men attended the conference. 12

13 倒装句小结什么是倒装句? 倒装句的分类和使用规则有哪些? 否定结构否定结构 : 包含否定词的结构否定结构的理解 : 1. 完全否定 : 否定全部句子内容 2. 部分否定 : 否定部分句子内容 3. 否定词汇表达肯定意义 13

14 解密完全否定规则 1.1: 谓语部分增加 not 表达否定含义原形 :They can do the work. 否定 :They cannot do the work. 原形 :He came. 否定 :He did not come. 解密完全否定规则 1.2: 利用否定词汇表达否定含义常见词汇 :1)none, neither; 2)hardly, seldom( 语气相对较弱 ) None of them are gentlemen. Neither of them is popular. Chinese students seldom speak English. She can hardly read. 14

15 解密部分否定规则 2.1: 当 not 与代表全体意义的代词连用时, 表示部分否定, 意思为并非都常见词汇 : all, both, every, everyone, everyday All that glitters is not gold. Not both of them are popular. Not everyone is here. 解密部分否定规则 2.1: 当 not 与有绝对意义的副词连用时, 表示部分否定, 意思为并非完全并非总是常见词汇 : always, entirely, completely, absolutely I am not always polite. He is not completely wrong. 15

16 否定转移否定转移 : 在形式上否定某一部分的内容, 但在语义上却是否定另一部分的现象常见形式 : 宾语从句中的否定转移常用动词 :think, believe, expect, reckon E.g. 我认为他不会投降字面翻译 :I think he will not surrender. 否定转移 : 双重否定双重否定结构 : 当句中出现两个否定含义词汇时, 表达肯定意义注意 :1) without; 2)fail, deny; 3) 表达否定意义的词缀 (no-,un-, im-,-less) He cannot live without books. Few students in our class failed in the test. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. 16

17 否定结构小结什么是否定句? 包含否定词汇的句子如何理解? 总结什么是强调句? 构建强调句的方法有哪些? 什么是倒装句? 倒装句的分类和使用规则有哪些? 什么是否定句? 包含否定词汇的句子如何理解? 17

18 Thank You! 18

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$(Microsoft Word - 10\246~\253\327\262\304\244@\264\301\256\325\260T_Version4)$ 聖公會仁立紀念小學聖公會仁立紀念小學校園通訊 2010 年度第一期第 1 頁 \\\\ 校園通訊 2010-2011 年度第一期鄭秀薇總校長在日本, 有一個傳說故事是這樣說的 : 有一對仁慈的老夫婦, 生活窮困, 靠賣木柴過活一天老人在同情心的