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1 2013 7, 20(4): Journal of Fishery Sciences of China 研究论文 DOI: /SP.J 杨林 1, 许恒毅 1, 杨孟 2, 熊勇华 1 1, 黄小林 1., ; 2., 摘要 :, (MNMs), MNMs 5 : 1) ; 2) ; 3) DNA mrna ; 4) ; 5) MNMs, MNMs, : ; ; ; 中图分类号 : X965 文献标志码 : A 文章编号 : (2013) (National Science Foundation), 2008 (MNMs) 180, [1] MNMs,, Nanowerk, [1] MNMs, MNMs 2000, Science Nature [2-5] MNMs,,, [6 7] , (CDC) (NIOSH), [8] 21, 973, 2004 [9], MNMs, MNMs, MNMs, 收稿日期 : ; 修订日期 : 基金项目 : ( ); (20114BAB214017); ( ). 作者简介 : (1989 ),,,. fromscratch26@yahoo.cn 通信作者 :,,,,. kidyxu@163.com

4 : 903, [10], MNMs,, MNMs,, MNMs, MNMs 1 MNMs, 50% 1 100 nm [1] MNMs MNMs, [1] MNMs, MNMs ( 1) [1], [11], (ROS) [12 20], 1.1 LC 50 MNMs Robert [12] 48 h LC 50 1.

2 4 : 903, [10], MNMs,, MNMs,, MNMs, MNMs 1 MNMs, 50% nm [1] MNMs MNMs, [1] MNMs, MNMs ( 1) [1], [11], (ROS) [12 20], 1.1 LC 50 MNMs Robert [12] 48 h LC mg/l MNMs, MNMs Oberdörster [13], (C 60 ) 溞 (Daphnia magna) (Hyalella azteca) (Harpacticoid copepod), 1 MNMs [1] Fig. 1 Sizes and shapes of some MNMs compared to familiar materials [1]

3 904 20, Tao [14], 48 h, C 60 Rinke [15] (100 nm)tio 2 (50 mg/l) (Desmodesmus subspicatus), (25 nm)tio 2 EC mg/l,,, Priester [16] (Pseudomonas aeruginosa), ROS ROS Kasemets [17] CuO CuO (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), CuO,, MNMs, Miller [18] ZnO (Isochrysis galbana) (Thalassiosira pseudonana) (Dunaliella tertiolecta) (Skeletonema costatum) 4, TiO 2 4 ;, TiO 2, ROS Adams [19] TiO 2, (Bacillus subtilis) 1.2, (Danio rerio) [12] Oberdörster [21] nc 60 (Micropterus salmoides) (GSH), nc 60, Hao [22] TiO 2 (Cyprinus carpio) Yang [23] C 60 ( 21 d), ; Scown [24] (Oncorhynchus mykiss), (10 nm), ( nm) Canesi [25] C 60 (Crassostrea virginica), ;, (Scrobicularia plana) (NCB)>> C 60 > TiO 2 > SiO 2, NCB > TiO 2 SiO 2, SiO 2 > NCB = TiO 2 > C [26] 60 Sondi [27],, (Escherichia coli), 1.3 MNMs DNA mrna, MNMs, Oberdörster [13], nc 60 (Pimephales promelas)cyp mrna, PMP70 PMP70, PMP70, Choi [28], γ-h2ax ( ), DNA ;, Bax Noxa p21 (CAT) (GPX), DNA

4 4 : 905, Scown [24] PCR cyp1a2 cyp3a45 hsp70a gpx g6pd, mrna, (10 nm) cyp1a2 3, Wise [29] 鳉 (Oryzias latipes), Lee [30] CeO 2 (Chironomus riparius)dna, TiO 2 (GFSk-S1) DNA,, ( OH) TiO 2 [31], Vevers [32] TiO 2 DNA 1.4 MNMs Ambrosone [33], CdTe (Hydra vulgaris) (T2) (Corophium volutator) ZnO,,, 100 d (100 d ) [34] Templeton [35] SWNT (Amphiascus tenuriremis) Tao [14] BLISS C 60 LD 50 (LOEC) 0.44 mg/l 0.2 mg/l, C 60,, C 60 MNMs, [36 37] Bai [33] (<0.598 mg/l) ZnO,, ZnO(>25 mg/l) Xia [38], ZnO, ZnO, ZnO Ringwood [39], (MT)mRNA, 1.5, (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) PAMAM, PAMAM ;, (PSII) : (Q A ) (Q B ), [40] Petit [41] PAMAM, (ROS) (lhca lhcb fdx ), Saison [42] CuO ROS, ROS PSII,,,,,, [43]

5 Bilberg [44], (EOG), EOG (BMP) (Pcrit), BMP, 300 µg/l Pcrit 50%, [45], MNMs 2 MNMs MNMs Bouldin [46] CdSe, (Ceriodaphnia dubia),, Ferry [47] 12 d, 84.4%,,, Lewinski [48] CdSe/ZnS,, , Werlin [49] (Tetrahymena thermophila) CdSe (Pseudomonas aeruginosa),, 3 MNMs,,, MNMs MNMs : (1)MNMs, MNMs ( ph ) ;,,,, MNMs MNMs, MNMs, (2) MNMs, MNMs MNMs,, MNMs, MNMs (3) MNMs MNMs, ( ) ( DGGE ) [50], MNMs (4) MNMs MNMs,,, ;, MNMs( ),

6 4 : 907 (5) MNMs, MNMs, MNMs, MNMs, MNMs,, MNMs, MNMs 参考文献 : [1] Robert A Y, Robert C M. Engineered nanomaterials: exposures, hazards, and risk prevention[j]. J Occup Med Toxicol, 2011, 6(7): [2] Service R F. Is nanotechnology dangerous?[j]. Science, 2000, 290: [3] Brumfiel G. Nanotechnology: a little knowledge[j]. Nature, 2003, 424: [4] Mélanie A, Jérôme R, Jean Y B, et al. Towards a definition of inorganic nanoparticles from an environmental, health and safety perspective[j]. Nat Nanotechnol, 2009, 4(10): [5] Igor L, Matthew E B, Laure J C, et al. A decision-directed approach for prioritizing research into the impact of nanomaterials on the environment and human health[j]. Nat Nanotechnol, 2011, 6(12): [6] Jia L, Zhao Y L, Liang X J. Fast evolving nanotechnology and relevant programs and entities in China[J]. Nano Today, 2011, 6(1): [7] Cozzens S. The distinctive dynamics of nanotechnology in developing nations[c]//making It to the Forefront. New York: Springer, 2012: [8] The Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies. NIOSH, CDC to examine health effects of carbon nanotubes in workplace. Available from:< [9] Bi S P, Zhang J, Cheng J J. Call from China for joint nanotech toxicity-testing effort[j]. Nature, 2009, 461: 593. [10] Boxall BA A, Tiede K, Chaudhry Q. Engineered nanomaterials in soils and water: how do they behave and could they pose a risk to human health?[j]. Nanomedicine, 2007, 2(6): [11] Cristina B, Ivan I P, Kevin R. Nanomaterials and nanoparticles: sources and toxicity[j]. Biointerphases, 2007, 2(4): [12] Robert J G, Weil R, Hyndman N D, et al. Exposure to copper nanoparticles causes gill injury and acute lethality in zebrafish (Danio rerio)[j]. Environ Sci Technol, 2007, 41(23): [13] Oberdörster E, Zhu S, Blickley T M, et al. Ecotoxicology of carbon-based engineered nanoparticles: effects of fullerene (C 60 ) on aquatic organisms[j]. Carbon, 2006, 44(6): [14] Tao X, Fortner J D, Zhang B, et al. Effects of aqueous stable fullerene nanocrystals (nc 60 ) on Daphnia magna: evaluation of sub-lethal reproductive responses and accumulation[j]. Chemosphere, 2009, 77(11): [15] Rinke H, Simon M. Ecotoxic effect of photocatalytic active nanoparticles (TiO 2 ) on algae and daphnids[j]. Environ Sci Pollut R, 2006, 13(4): [16] Priester J H, Stoimenov P K, Mielke R E, et al. Effects of soluble cadmium salts versus CdSe quantum dots on the growth of planktonic Pseudomonas aeruginosa[j]. Environ Sci Technol, 2009, 43(7): [17] Kasemets K, Ivask A, Dubourguier H C, et al. Toxicity of nanoparticles of ZnO, CuO and TiO 2 to yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae [J]. Toxicol in Vitro, 2009, 23(6): [18] Miller R J, Bennett S, Keller A A, et al. TiO 2 nanoparticles are phototoxic to marine phytoplankton[j]. PLoS ONE, 2012, 7(1): 1-7. [19] Adams L K, Lyon D Y, Alvarez P J. Comparative eco- toxicity of nanoscale TiO 2, SiO 2, and ZnO water suspensions[j]. Water Res, 2006, 40(19): [20],,. 9 [J]., 2012, 10(4): [21] Oberdörster E. Manufactured nanomaterials (fullerenes, C 60 ) induce oxidative stress in the brain of juvenile largemouth bass[j]. Environ Health Perspect, 2004, 112(10): [22] Hao L, Wang Z, Xing B. Effect of sub-acute exposure to TiO 2 nanoparticles on oxidative stress and histopathological changes in juvenile carp (Cyprinus carpio)[j]. J Environ Sci, 2009, 21(10): [23] Yang X Y, Edelmann R E, Oris J T. Suspended C 60 nanoparticles protect against short-term UV and fluoranthene photo-induced toxicity, but cause long-term cellular damage in Daphnia magna[j]. Aquat Toxicol, 2010, 100(2): [24] Scown T M, Santos E M, Johnston B D, et al. Effects of

7 aqueous exposure to silver nanoparticles of different sizes in rainbow trout[j]. Toxicol Sci, 2010, 115(2): [25] Canesi L, Ciacci C, Fabbri R, et al. Bivalve molluscs as a unique target group for nanoparticle toxicity[j]. Mar Environ Res, 2012, 76: [26] Canesi L, Ciacci C, Vallotto D, et al. In vitro effects of suspensions of selected nanoparticles (C 60 fullerene, TiO 2, SiO 2 ) on Mytilus hemocytes[j]. Aquat Toxicol, 2010, 96(2): [27] Sondi I, Sondi B S. Silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial agent: a case study on E.coli as a model for Gram-negative bacteria[j]. J Colloid Interface Sci, 2004, 275(1): [28] Choi J E, Kim S, Ahn J H, et al. Induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis by silver nanoparticles in the liver of adult zebrafish[j]. Aquat Toxicol, 2010, 100(2): [29] Wise J P, Goodale B C, Wise S S, et al. Silver nanospheres are cytotoxic and genotoxic to fish cells[j]. Aquat Toxicol, 2010, 97(1): [30] Lee S W, Kim S M, Choi J. Genotoxicity and ecotoxicity assays using the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna and the larva of the aquatic midge Chironomus riparius to screen the ecological risks of nanoparticle exposure[j]. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol, 2009, 28(1): [31] Reeves J F, Davies S J, Dodd N J, et al. Hydroxyl radicals (*OH) are associated with titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticle-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative DNA damage in fish cells[j]. Mutat Res, 2008, 640(1-2): [32] Vevers W F, Jha A N. Genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles on fish cells in vitro[j]. Ecotoxicology, 2008, 17(5): [33] Ambrosone A, Mattera L, Marchesano V, et al. Mechanisms underlying toxicity induced by CdTe quantum dots determined in an invertebrate model organism[j]. Biomaterials, 2011, 33(7): [34] Fabrega J, Tantra R, Amer A, et al. Sequestration of zinc from zinc oxide nanoparticles and life cycle effects in the sediment dweller amphipod Corophium volutator[j]. Environ Sci Technol, 2011, 46(2): [35] Templeton R C, Ferguson P L, Washburn K M, et al. Lifecycle effects of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on an estuarine meiobenthic copepod[j]. Environ Sci Technol, 2006, 40(23): [36] Bai W, Zhang Z, Tian W, et al. Toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles to zebrafish embryo: a physicochemical study of toxicity mechanism[j]. J Nanopart Res, 2009, 12(5): [37],,. Zn 2+ Cd 2+ [J]., 2012, 19(2): [38] Xia T, Zhao Y, Sager S, et al. Decreased dissolution of ZnO by iron doping yields nanoparticles with reduced toxicity in the rodent lung and zebrafish embryos[j]. ACS Nano, 2011, 5(2): [39] Ringwood A H, McCarthy M, Bates T C, et al. The effects of silver nanoparticles on oyster embryos[j]. Mar Environ Res, 2010, 69: [40] Petit A N, Eullaffroy P, Debenest T, et al. Toxicity of PAMAM dendrimers to Chlamydomonas reinhardtii[j]. Aquat Toxicol, 2010, 100(2): [41] Petit A N, Debenest T, Eullaffroy P, et al. Effects of a cationic PAMAM dendrimer on photosynthesis and ROS production of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii[j]. Nanotoxicology, 2012, 6(3): [42] Saison C, Perreault F, Daigle J C, et al. Effect of core-shell copper oxide nanoparticles on cell culture morphology and photosynthesis (photosystem II energy distribution) in the green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii[j]. Aquat Toxicol, 2010, 96(2): [43] Perreault F, Bogdan N, Morin M, et al. Interaction of gold nanoglycodendrimers with algal cells (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) and their effect on physiological processes[j]. Nanotoxicology, 2012, 6(2): [44] Bilberg K, Doving K B, Beedholm K, et al. Silver nanoparticles disrupt olfaction in crucian carp (Carassius carassius) and eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis)[j]. Aquat Toxicol, 2011, 104(1 2): [45] Bilberg K, Malte H, Wang T, et al. Silver nanoparticles and silver nitrate cause respiratory stress in Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) [J]. Aquat Toxicol, 2010, 96(2): [46] Bouldin J L, Ingle T M, Sengupta A, et al. Aqueous toxicity and food chain transfer of quantum dots in freshwater algae and Ceriodaphnia dubia[j]. Environ Toxicol Chem, 2008, 27(9): [47] Ferry J L, Craig P, Hexel C, et al. Transfer of gold nanoparticles from the water column to the estuarine food web[j]. Nat Nanotechnol, 2009, 4(7): [48] Lewinski N A, Zhu H G, Ouyang C R, et al. Trophic transfer of amphiphilic polymer coated CdSe/ZnS quantum dots to

8 4 : 909 Danio rerio[j]. Nanoscale, 2011, 3(8): [49] Werlin R, Priester J H, Mielke R E, et al. Biomagnification of cadmium selenide quantum dots in a simple experimental microbial food chain[j]. Nat Nanotechnol, 2010, 6(1): [50] Doiron K, Pelletier E, Lemarchand, et al. Impact of polymer-coated silver nanoparticles on marine microbial communities: A microcosm study[j]. Aquat Toxicol, 2012, (15): Research progress on toxicity of manufactured nanomaterials to aquatic organisms YANG Lin 1, XU Hengyi *1, YANG Meng 2, XIONG Yonghua 1, HUANG Xiaolin 1 1. State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang , China; 2. College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao , China Abstract: With rapid development of nanotechnology, manufactured nanomaterials (MNMs) have been widely used in biomedicine, aerospace, construction and many other fields in recent years. Widespread public concerns regarding the aquatic toxicity caused by MNMs have been aroused. In this article, with investigation of huge amount of related scientific research references, five aspects of toxic effects toward aquatic organisms by MNMs have been reviewed. Firstly, the effects on individual growth of aquatic organisms; secondly, the effects on the level of cell and tissue (including gill, liver and brain tissue); thirdly, the effects on the level of molecular and genetic (including DNA structure, mrna and protein expression); fourthly, the effects and mechanism of reproductive toxicity; lastly, the effects on other physiological functions such as photosynthesis and respiration. Meanwhile, potential side effects of MNMs on aquatic organisms food chain were evaluated. Furthermore, we prospected the toxicology development direction of MNMs in aquatic environment with an aim to guide the related studies for domestic scholars. Key words: manufactured nanomaterials; structure of nanomaterials; aquatic toxicity; food chain Corresponding author: XU Hengyi. kidyxu@163.com

<4D6963726F736F667420576F7264202D2031303130382DC9BDCEF7B4F3D1A72DC9FACEEFD1A7CAB5D1E9BDCCD1A7D6D0D0C4C9EAB1A8B9FABCD2BCB62DB8BDBCFE322E646F63>

<4D6963726F736F667420576F7264202D2031303130382DC9BDCEF7B4F3D1A72DC9FACEEFD1A7CAB5D1E9BDCCD1A7D6D0D0C4C9EAB1A8B9FABCD2BCB62DB8BDBCFE322E646F63> 十二五国家级实验教学示范中心申请书学校名称 : 学校主管部门 : 中心名称 : 中心负责人 : 山西大学山西省教育厅生物学实验教学中心王兰学校管理部门电话 : 0351-7018284 申报日期 : 2013.3.28 中华人民共和国教育部高教司制