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1 GEO GRA P HICAL RESEA RCH Vol128, No12 Mar1, 2009,, (, ) : (MA),, , ;;,,, ;, : ; ; ; : (2009) ,,,,,,,,, :,,,,, 2005 [1 ], 4 16, km 2, 21 %, 42 %76,,, : ; : : (2006BAC08B00) ; ( KZCX22XB ) : (19472),, / E2mail : ac1cn

2 274 28, [2,3 ],,,,,,,, /, : (O ECD) PSR ( Pressure2State2Response) [47 ], [812 ], MA [2,3,13 ], 1990 (O ECD) PSR, ; ; / PSR, [1417 ] (MA) 2000, 2005, , ,, MA - - : MA, - -, MA - -,,,, MA - -,, 150, 103, 6, 2003 [18 ] MA 33,,, 2006, , MA,

2 : 275 2 211 (1) MA (MA) (1),,, MA,,, MA, MA,, 1 (MA,2003 ;,2007) Fig11 The

3 2 : (1) MA (MA) (1),,, MA,,, MA, MA,, 1 (MA,2003 ;,2007) Fig11 The concept framework of Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA program council, 2003) (2),,,

4 276 28,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, /,,,,,, (3), MA (current), (trend), 2030,,,,,,,, ; ;,

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6 Tab11 The integrated assessment indicator system of grassland ecosystem in the Three2River Headwaters region ( > 50 %) ( 2050 %) ( 520 %) / ( 2) ( 3) NPP 20 1km , NPP km 40 / 30 ( ) / / (N EP) 20 1km / / / 30 ( ) / / 20 8km 20 / 1km 20 1km

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8 280 28, (95 % 60 %),, 2 Tab12 The remote sensing classification system on grassland degradation in the Three2River Headwaters region / ,( ( ) / ),( ( ) / ) 1020 %,( ( ) / ) 2050 %,( ( ) / ) 50 % 3020, 3021,1020 % 3022,2030 % 3023,30 % / ,( ( ) / ) 1020 %,1020 %,( ( ) / ) 1020 %,2030 %,( ( ) / ) 1020 %,30 %,( ( ) / ) 2050 %,1020 %,( ( ) / ) 2050 %,2030 %,( ( ) / ) 2050 %,30 %,( ( ) / ) 50 %,1020 %,( ( ) / ) 50 %,2030 %,( ( ) / ) 50 %,30 % 3040,

9 2 : , 1020 %, 2040 %, 40 % 3050 /, 3051 /,1015 % 3052 /,1540 % 3053 /,40 % 3090, 6410, , ( ) 1020 %, ( ) 2050 %, ( ) 50 % 6420, ( ) ( ),,,,, (3) 3 Tab13 The remote sensing classif ication system on grassland degradation trend 1 2, 2, / /, 2, / / 3,, 4 5,,,, 3 (1) MA,,,

10 , 75 (2), 30 [19 ] [20 ],, :, ;, ;, ;,, ( 95 % 60 %),, (3),,, (4),,, : [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Doris C, Cristan S K, Marcus J L, et al1 Ecosystems and Human Well2being : Multiscale Assessment s1 Volume 41 OilslandPress, [ 3 ],,, 1 ()1 :,20071 A6-71 [ 4 ],,,1 1, 2002,57 (5) : [ 5 ] Waiz R1 Development of environmental indicator systems : Experiences from Germany1 Environmental Manage2 ment, 2000, 25 (6) : [ 6 ],,,1 1, 2002,18 (1) :67711 [ 7 ],,,1 1,2008,17 (2) : [ 8 ] Costanza R1 The value of t he world s ecosystem services and natural capital1 Nature, 1997,387 : [ 9 ],, 1 1,2001,21 (11) : [ 10 ],, 1 1,1999,19 (5) : [ 11 ],,,1 1,2003,21 (2) :50551 [ 12 ],,,1 1, 2004,24 (6) : [ 13 ],,,1 1 :, [ 14 ],,, 1 1,2004, (6) : [ 15 ],, 1 1, 2008,30 (2) : [ 16 ],,, 1 1, 2006, 27 (2) :79811 [ 17 ],,1 1,2008,19 (10) : [ 18 ] The H1 John Heinz III Center for Science, Economics and t he Environment1 The State of t he Nation s Ecosys2,,, ,,,

11 2 : 283 tems1 New York : Cambridge University Press, [ 19 ],, , 2008,63 (4) : [20 ],,,1 30 1,2008, 27 (4) : The integrated assessment indicator system of grassland ecosystem in the Three 2River Headwaters region L IU Ji2yuan, SHAO Quan2qin, FAN Jiang2wen ( Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing , China) Abstract :Based on the MA concept ual f ramework and characteristics of grassland ecosys2 tem in t he Three2River Headwaters regio n, we p ropo sed an integrated assessment index system of grassland ecosystem of t he region. In this system, t here are 4 indicator group s, of which, 15 indicators at t he first level, and 75 indicators at t he second level, which are used for assessing grassland eco system st ruct ure, supporting, regulating and p rovisio ning services. The integrated assessment index system of grassland eco system is aimed at char2 acteristics of grassland ecosystem in t he Three2River Headwaters region in the eastern Ti2 betan Plateau and the human demands for this region. This system includes a set of indica2 tors of land cover and grassland degradation for assessing t he grassland ecosystem struc2 t ure, and a set of indicators, for example, primary production and soil formation, etc., for assessing t he ecosystem supporting service, and a set of indicators, for example, carbon, evaporation and transpiration, run2off, etc., for assessing the eco system regulating serv2 ice, and a set of indicators, such as, water and grassland carrying capacity, etc., for asses2 sing t he ecosystem provisioning service. In t his system, we designed remote sensing clas2 sificatio n system o n grassland degradatio n in order to make a dynamic analysis o n t he process of grassland ecosystem degradation in t he decade time scale, and remote sensing classificatio n system o n grassland degradatio n t rend for assessing ecological effect of t he recent ecological restoration project in t he year time scale. Key words : Three2River Headwater s regio n ; grassland eco system ; integrated assessment indicator system ; remote sensing classificatio n system fo r grassland degrada2 tion

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UNEP/GEF / 2005, 12 MA MA MA 21 Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, MA MA 2001 6 2005 3 30 MA Condition (Scenarios) Response options Sub-Global Assessment .. ( ) MA MA 50 50 MA MA 2001 4 MAWEC 5 2001 5 HPSM