1999 4 1971 1988,,, ;,,,, ; (1608 1760 ), ; (1760 1867 ), ;,, ; (1867 ), 91. 6 %,,,,,, 30
-, 1944,1948,1960,,, - ( ), 1945 1960,96 % ;1962 1967, 80 %,1968 1976 56 % 60,,, 1971 5 % 70,, 50 90, 20 % 33 % ; 1991, 10 % 1986,80 % ; 78, 21 % 22 % ;, 9 % 13 % ; 40 %, 64 % ;, (2 %) ; 85 %,,, : (1965 ), : ( Public Policy in Canada :An Introduction), 2,,,1993, 255 : ( Canada :A Portrait),,1989, 37 40 31
,, :,,, 1991 3171 2199, 2172, 3115 ; 2164, 2157, 2133, 2112, 17 (the founding peoples), ; (1774 ) 1791 (1841 ) 1982,, ( ),, ;,, 80 %, 90 %, 1921 78 % 90 90 %,,,1991 86 % ; 97 %, 88 %,,,, L E : ( Richer and Poorer : The Structure of Inequality in Cana2 da),,1998, 63 32
, 1971 10 8 :,,, :, 1994 10, 60 (Cultural Pluralism),,, ( ),, 3 : (1) ; (2) ; (3) 1971 1971 10 8,, 3,,,,,,,,, ( ), R C : ( Cultural Diversity and Canadian Educa2 tion : Issues and Innovations),,1984, 518 : : ( Continental Divide : the Values and Institutions of the United States and Canada),,1990, 180 H : ( The Canadian Encyclopedia), 3,,1988, 1401 1971 10 8, R C : :,, 518 33
, : (1) ; (2),,,, : (1), ; (2),,,,, ;, ;,, ;,, 1988,, : 1971 17, 1982 1976 (1977 ) (1982 ) (1988 ),,,,,,, ; 1972, ;1973,, ; ( ) 1971 10 8, 518 520 : ( The Canadian Multiculturalism Act :A Guide for Canadi2 ans),,1990, 13 :, 252 34
( ),,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,1992 1993 1. 18 1/ 1500, 1995 1996, 1859 ;1996 1997 1870 ;1997 1998 1830,,,,,,,, (Affirmative Action),,, 1976, ( 1947 ) 1947, ( ),,, (1988 ),,,, (minority), ( ) ( ),1996 12 17 A7 35
,, ( ) 1981 120, 1991, 580, 1975 57 % 1995 81 % ; 1975 75 % 67 % 1995 84 % 83 %, 78 % 86 %, 90 % 1971 90, 1996 10 2400,,,,,,,,,, :, ;,,,, (symbolism), :,,,,,, :,, ( ) 1998 (CD ), ( ),1996 12 17 A7 36
,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, -,,,, ;,, ( ),,,, ( ),,,,,, : :, 179 ; : : ( Immigration in Canada : Historical Perspective),1994, 316 324 ; :, 252 37
,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,, ABC : A Acceptance ( ),, ; B Belonging( ),, ; C Contribution( ),,,,,,, 1992 (Calgary Herald), (Baltej Singh Dhillon),,,,, 1985,, 56 %, 27 % ; 1995, 44 % 40 %,, :,,1995 1, 231 J M : : ( Sociology : Canadian Edi2 tion),,1994, 80 38
,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, ( ), ;,,,,, :,,, L : : ( Ethnic Canadians, Culture and Education,),,1978, 273 : :, 298 R : : ( Canadian Society : Sociological Perspectives),,,1971, 388 :, 240 241 39
,,,, 70,,,?,1980 50 % ; 1995 67 %, 80,,, Abstract Canada s relatively open immigration policy has provided the social conditions for immigrants from different countries in keeping the cultural diversity and gradually realizing blend among ethnic groups. The development and recognition of Canada s national character of pluralistic integration have experienced a long historical period. Canada is the first Western country to announce and implement an official policy of multiculturalism. In 1971 the govern2 ment adopted the policy of multiculturalism within a bilingual framework. At the time it was widely considered as a measure to ameliorate biculturalism. The Canadian Multiculturalism Act (1988) showed that multiculturalism had become a key aspect of the government s national policy. Although there are still many interpretations of how the ideology of multiculturalism should actually manifest itself and there are still many barriers, which prevent some Canadians from becoming full and equal participants in Canadian society, the introduction of the policies has called attention to the importance of diversity within Canadian society and has engendered general recognition of the principles of freedom and equality. Multiculturalism still provides an invaluable resource in the shaping of Canada s future, and its theoretical and practical per2 spectives are a useful model for other nations. (,,,250100) 1998 (CD ), 40