2008 6 * 2007a 2007a 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2007a a : b = x : y 7 a b x y a b x 2006a a b a a x a x y b * 2007 8 2008 5-6 General Research Fund GRF A Comparative Study of Definiteness in Chinese Dialects B-Q02H Page 1 of 11
7 a x b (y) 2007a 7 b x b x y x b 2006a 1 2007a 8 a. b. x. y. xb 8 a b x a x b y b x b x xb y 3 9 9 10 2007a b 9 y b b x 11 a. b. x. y. xb Chao 1968 9 10 a specially Northern usage Lee and Yiu 1998 9 10 12 13 12 * 13 * Page 2 of 11
1 12 14 a. b. x. y. xb * 2007b 2007a 10 15 15 16 15 16 2007a 9 17 18 18 12 17 18 2007a 9 10 19 20 19 y 21 a. b. x. y. xb 1 14 Page 3 of 11
19 20 22 23 22 22 23 22 12 24 a. b. x. y. xb 2006a 25 26 b x 25 26 a. b. x. y. xb 27 28 26 27 28 a. b. x. y. xb 2006b 11 1 29 29 Page 4 of 11
30 4 31 32 33 2007a 29 8 32 2007a b x 34 a. b. x. y. xb 29 30 35 36 31 32 33 37 38 35 * 36 * 37 38 5 6 39 40 41 42 2 41 42 39 40 2 39 DO TO DO TO 2007 Page 5 of 11
41 42 2 43 44 43 44 * 3 45 12 46 45 46 * 47 OK * OK * OK * OK OK OK OK OK OK Huang 1997 gerundive 2008 30 2008 232 Page 6 of 11
48 48 * Huang 1997 gerundive nominalization VP Nom nominalizer Fu 1994 Huang 1997 2008 NomP 49 V Nom 49 NomP Nom VP V e Nom adjoin NomP 50 50 NomP NomP Nom VP e 51 51 Nom 52 53 54 55 3 3 derived nominalization Chomsky 1970 * Chomsky 1970 Page 7 of 11
52 2003 262 1994 53 2002 54 * 55 * 37 56 Huang 1997 56 57 DO 57 DO Nom 58 56 57 DO 58 DO NomP NomP Nom VP V 35 * 44 * 51 12 59 NomP 60 51 e Nom 58 60 59 * 60 * NomP NomP Nom VP e Page 8 of 11
22 27 4 18 2003 Nom definiteness D 61 62 Li 1997 Au Yeung 1997 2005 Cheng and Sybesma 1999 Sio 2006 61 62 * 2003 2006 4 Tang 2001 2002 1999 2004 2007 Page 9 of 11
2007a Nom 2002 1 2003 2004 4 2006 6 1994 2 2007 4 2008 3 2006a 4 2006b 4 2007a 9 2007b 2003 2002 2 1999 1 Au Yeung, Wai Hoo. 1997. A parametric analysis of Cantonese and Mandarin nominals. Proceedings of Postgraduate Research Forum on Language and Linguistics 97, 186-197. Hong Kong: City University of Hong Kong. 2005. An interface program for parameterization of classifiers in Chinese. Doctoral dissertation, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Chao, Yuen-Ren. 1968. A Grammar of Spoken Chinese. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. Cheng, Lisa Lai-Shen, and Rint Sybesma. 1999. Bare and not-so-bare nouns Page 10 of 11
and the structure of NP. Linguistic Inquiry 30, 509-542. Chomsky, Noam. 1970. Remarks on nominalization. In Roderick A. Jacobs and Peter S. Rosenbaum, eds., Readings in English Transformational Grammar, 184-221. Waltham, MA.: Ginn and Company. Fu, Jingqi. 1994. On deriving Chinese derived nomimals: evidence for V-to-N raising. Doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Huang, C.-T. James. 1997. On lexical structure and syntactic projection. Chinese Languages and Linguistics 3, 45-89. Lee, Thomas Hun-tak, and Carine Yiu. 1998. Final de and ge3 : a nominalization analysis for cleft sentences in Mandarin and Cantonese. Paper presented at the LSHK Annual Research Forum, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Li, Yen-hui Audrey. 1997. Structures and interpretations of nominal expressions. Ms. University of Southern California. Sio, Joanna Ut-seong. 2006. Modification and Reference in the Chinese Nominal. Utrecht: LOT. Tang, Sze-Wing. 2001. The (non-)existence of gapping in Chinese and its implications for the theory of gapping. Journal of East Asian Linguistics 10, 201-224. Tang, Sze-Wing, On Syntax-Semantics Mismatches and a Parametric Analysis of Nominalization Shen (2007a) proposes a theory of analogical blending for six types of so-called syntax-semantics mismatches in Chinese. In this paper, it is proposed that those syntax-semantics mismatches are all derived by gerundive nominalization, arguing against the analogical blending, based on a comparative study of Mandarin and Cantonese. The lack of some syntax-semantics mismatches in Cantonese is due to a syntactic constraint imposed on Cantonese nominalization, particularly a parameter of movement associated with the derivation of gerundives. Key Words: syntax-semantics mismatch, analogical blending, gerundive nominalization, parametric theory, Cantonese Page 11 of 11