The Definition and Application of Ling-tzu in Tzu Style Wang Wei-Yung Professor, Department of Chinese Literature, National Cheng Kung University Chao

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2 The Definition and Application of Ling-tzu in Tzu Style Wang Wei-Yung Professor, Department of Chinese Literature, National Cheng Kung University Chao Fu-Yung Instructor, Center for General Education, Tung Fang Institute of Technology Abstract Tzu is the typical representative in Sung Dynasty literatures. The Tzu style is different from poetry and Chu (a type of verse for singing, which emerged in Southern Sung and Jin dynasties and became popular in Yuan Dynasty). The application of Ling-tzu is characteristic. The book Tzu Yuan written by Chang Yen in Sung Dynasty indicated that empty words are suitable to be used in the sentence structure of Tzu. Shen Yi-fu s Yueh Fu Chih Mi also approved that empty words could be used in Tzu-tiao. That is to say, both of them insisted using the empty words properly. Therefore, later generations called the empty words in the beginning of the sentences Ling-tzu, Ling-tiao or Ling-tiao-tzu to emphasize its function of being the leading word. In this thesis, first, the researchers made a thorough inquiry of Ling-tzu, including differentiating and analyzing some terms such as Chen-tzu, full words, and empty words appearing in the beginning, in the middle and at the end of a sentence. Also, the researchers expounded the definition of Ling-tzu and traced to the source of the Ling-tzu in the sentence structure of poetry. Second, by mainly checking Tang Kuei-chang s Chuan Sung Tzu, Tzu Pu, which was edited by the order of Emperor Kang-Hsi in Ching Dynasty, and Wan Shu s Tzu Lu, the researchers enumerated and 106

3 analyzed the real application of Ling-tzu in Sung Tzu and covered different dimensions: the number of words, examples and tones of Ling-tzu ; the number of sentences, the number of words, sentence structures, the skills of arranging words; the different application cases in different Tzu styles; some Tzu-tiao using Ling-tzu in special place; the fluency, coherence and transition of Ling-tzu. Keywords: Sung Tzu, empty word, Ling-chu, Ling-tzu, Ling-tiao-tzu 107

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高餐通識教育學刊第六期 On the Tea Culture in Verses of the Yuan Dynasty Shu-Hung Chuang Assistant professor, National Open University Abstract Tang poetry, Sung

高餐通識教育學刊第六期 On the Tea Culture in Verses of the Yuan Dynasty Shu-Hung Chuang Assistant professor, National Open University Abstract Tang poetry, Sung 高餐通識教育學刊第六期頁 189-216 中華民國九十九年十二月 NKUHT Journal of General Education Vol.6, pp.189-216, December 2010 也談元代散曲中的茶文化莊淑紅國立空中大學人文學系兼任助理教授摘要在中國文學中唐詩宋詞元曲扮演了舉足輕重的角色它們記錄並傳承著中古時代的東方文化記敘了那個時空下璀璨的中國歷史在本論文中