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% 1.6 3.0 / 1979 1991 2002 2010 10.8 16.3 19.3 34.7 6.2 11.1 18.6 32.9 2002 2010

% % 41.1 35.1 30.2 28.2 24.7 25 22.5 20.4 17.4 9.7 6.1 3.5 2002

% 45.0 40.0 35.0 30.0 34.4 35.0 40.4 37.5 28.7 32.7 25.0 2007 20.0 2010 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 Awareness rate of hypertension in city and rural in China in 2007 and 2010 (%) Report on chronic disease risk factor surveillance in China (2010)

% 90.0 80.0 70.0 79.5 80.1 78.8 72.4 72.5 72.2 30 25 26.9 21.7 29.1 25.7 23.9 60.0 20 17.2 50.0 40.0 2007 2010 15 2007 2010 30.0 10 20.0 10.0 0.0 5 0 The treatment rate of hypertension in the patients who know they were hypertension cases in city and rural in China in 2007 and 2010 Report on chronic disease risk factor surveillance in China (2010) The control rate of blood pressure in the patients who had the medicine treatment for hypertension in city and rural in China in 2007 and 2010

02468 12 IV ()

ESHBHSAAMI 135/85 mmhg.

2005 WHO/ISH 140mmHg90mmHg

30 3 20mmHg

(mmhg) I II III <120 120 139 140 140 159 160 179 180 140 <80 80 89 90 90 99 100 109 110 <90

2009 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

3 1 1 1

140/90 mmhg 150 mmhg 130/80 mmhg

1. 2. 3. 100mmol/6g 2.4g (3.5g/90mmol/) 4. BMI 18.5~24.9kg/m 2 5. 30/ 6. 30ml 15ml 7.

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110 100 80 70 60 40 20 0 SBP DBP ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Oliver WJ et al, Circulation 52: 146-151, 1975110 mmhg 70 mmhg

/ 0 5 10 15 0 mmhg 140 130 120 6.6 Denton D et al, Nature Medicine 1(1) : 1009-1061, 199510mmHg 26mmHg 33mmHg =10 12 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 110 100 3.1 1.4 1.4 3.2 3.0 1.5 6 w 19 w 3 w 67 w 20 w

: 51( )3-61/36-12

(g/) 1.5-2.3 <5 5> 4.7 Na/K 1-1.5 <2

INTERMAP Zhou B et. al. J Hum Hypertens. 2003;17

Na/K Zhou B et. al. J Hum Hypertens. 2003;17

1. 2. 3. 4.

6 5 g 3 g 2 g

4 g 10 g 10 g

1 6 0.8 11.3 1 2 5.4 1 1 0.8 0.8

Reducing salt intake in populations -----World Health Organisation; 2007. Called for both Governments and Industry to commit to reducing the average salt consumption of the adult population to the WHO maximum of 5g salt/day.

368 113 75 368 3100 58 40 4 250 0

2002 3 18 22.8% 7.1%1992 2002 10 1 18 40.7% 97.2%

% 100 80 60 80 70 71.7 60.7 57.4 47.4 1982 1992 2002 40 20 0

% 40 30 25 28.4 35.4 27.7 1982 1992 2002 20 14.3 18.6 10 0

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400 400 350 300 250 250 200 150 100 50 2 10 50 0

30 30-40 40-70 1600/8.5/ 20/10/ 120 1000-2000/10 175 150 15/ 180 5% 200 100 19-22/ 50/22-26/160/ 200-250 300

: : () 5-10 20-60 5-10 5-10 35-90

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15 13 10 8 7 6 5 3 3

40 15 45 COPD CHD

5 a-c. American Heart Association. Scientific Position, Risk Factors and Coronary Heart Disease, 2005. Available online at URL: http://americanheart.org. Last accessed November 2005.

12 Relative Risk (95% CI) a 10 8 6 4 2 1.0 1.7 3.7 5.4 0 1 14/ 15 24/ 25/ / a The probability of an event (developing a disease) occurring in exposed people compared with the probability of the event in nonexposed people. Adjusted for age. Willett et al. N Engl J Med. 1987;317(21):1303 1309.

4.0 Relative Risk (95% CI) a 3.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 2.3 0.0 Nonsmokers Current Smokers a The probability of an event (developing a disease) occurring in exposed people compared with the probability of the event in nonexposed people. Adjusted for age. Wannamethee et al. Circulation. 1995;91:1749 1756.

250 200 1+1+1>3 189 Rates per 1000 a 150 100 50 23 54 103 92 0, or, or + or + + 3 a All rates were age adjusted by 10 year age groups to the US white male population in 1980. Hypercholesterolemia defined as cholesterol 250 mg/dl. Hypertension defined as a diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg. Burns. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2003;46(1): 11 29; Source: Pooling Project Research Group, 1978.

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Hankey et al. JAMA. 2006;295:547 553; Hooi et al. Am J Epidemiol. 2001;153:666 672; Hooi et al. Br J Gen Pract. 1999;49:49 55; Hooi et al. Scand J Prim Health Care. 1998;16:177 182; http://healthguide.howstuffworks.com/peripheral artery disease and intermittent claudication in depth.htm. Accessed October 8, 2007.

Lavi et al. Circulation. 2007;115:2621-2627.

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Shively (cynomulgus monkey)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 -

* ACEI ARB <55 / Cr>3mg/dL

<160/100mmHg 160/100mmHg C D A B C+D C+A D+A C+B F C+B C+D C+A D+A F C+D+A C+A+B C+A+α C+D+A C+A+B D+A+α AACEIARBBβ C D F: ACEIARBαα

14 3 05 BP<130/80 2 ACEI ARB 7 mmol/l β 6.57.5% 11 <4.5mmol/L >1.0mmol/L <1.5mmol/L 75-150mg/ 06 BP<140/90 ACEIARB β- ACEI/ARB++ ++β- 11

2 03 3 04 12 +RF 3 TOD ++ACEI +ARB +ACEI+β + +ACEI 11 ACEI ARB β + ACEI/ARB +ACEI+β 11 BP<140/90 BP<140/90

3 140/90mmHg 1 140/90mmHg 3 2 1 21 11 61 41 11 11 41 21 11 41 21 11 41 21 11 41 21 11

3-5 8 2010312

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