2 /2008 [ ],,,,,,, [ ] ; ; ; [ ] K258; D90 [ ] A [ ] 1007 1873 (2008) 02 0048 10 [ ],, 100875, ( ),, :,, ;,,,,,,,,, 1912,,,,,,,, 1912 1933, 53 3, 578, 32 3, 111, 87%,,,,,,,, 1933 48
,,, 10, 8,,,,,,,,,,, ( ), 1912 1933, 327, (, ) (, ) (, ) ( ),,, 150, 4619%, 1944 1948, 57, 25, 26,,, 1923 1924,,, 1928,, :,,,, 1935,,,, ( ) : 1917, ; 1924, ; 1935 1922, 1932 ( 2 2, 1935 6 ) 8 : 1918 3 30 2928 ; 1921 12 10 155 ; 1922 6 17 302 ; 1927 2 11 99 ; 1927 2 14 42 ; 1929 11 15 1484 ; 1933 1 11 52 ; 1935 1 17 62 (1933 ) ( 1933 ) :, 23 35, 1935 6 15,, 1933 (1948 7 ), ( ), 2001, 30-41 :,, 211, 2 1, 1935 5 49
2 /2008,,,,,,,,,,, ;, ;,, ;,,,, ( ),,,, 1: 1: 1947 : ( ),,, J27-1 - 253,,, ( ),,,,,,,,, 48 :, ( ),! :,, 211 :,, 55 :,, 58 :,, 285 :,, 142 :,, 117 :,, 207 :,, 384 50
,,,,,,,,,,, 1922 :,,,,,,,,,, 1940 1941, 27, 1942,, ( Sem inar) (Langdell) (Case Book System ) (Legal A id Society),,, :,, ;,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,, 116 :, 1, 1923 2 10 :, :, 2001, 255 :,, 319-322 51
2 /2008 ( 133 174 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,? 1912,,,, 1929, 1912 1934, 9, 322,, 1933 93, 56, 6012% ( 39, 13 ), ( 7 ) ( 5 ) (3 ) (2 ) 1813%,, 1927,,,,,,, 1934 6, 32, 1935, 1, 322, 1, 265, 57,, 1935,,, 1946,,, 1929,, :, 1926, 90 5 :, 23 35, 1935 6 15, 2 1, 1935 5 ;,, 1930, 1933, 2 2, 1935 6, 981, 33 ;, 126, 18 ;,, 47, 2 1946 143, 130, 13,,, J27-1 - 264 :, 9 2, (1938 6 18 ) 15, 7 2, 1948 8 4, : (1947 ) 13 1 52
59, 47, 120 180,, 200, 20 30,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1912 1949, 7, 000, 70%,, 5, 000,?,,,,, ; gλυ ; gλϖ,,, ; gλω 36,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ; gλξ 47,,,,, ; gλψ, 7,,, gλζ, 1929 9, : 20, 2005 2 20, 1937, 35 65, 4218,, J2-2 - 208; :, 1930, 30-31,, J27-1 - 316,,, 2 2, 1935 6,, J27-1 - 316 > :,, 310-311,, J27-1 - 272,, 20 gλυ gλϖ gλω gλξ gλψ gλζ :,, 283 :,, 314 :,, 206-207 :,, 292 :,, 380 > :,, 310-311 53
2 /2008,,,, 47 141, 75% (, 52, 17, 7, 5, 24, 105 ), 11, 10, 3, 47 141,,,,,, 26 75,,,?,,,,, 28 13,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) ( ) ( ),,, 30,,,,,,,,,,,, 1933-1934, 4, 450, 754, 1935,,, 1942,,,,,,,, 47 27,,,,, :,,,,,, J27-1 - 145 75, 3 1 1, 70,, J27-1 - 271 :,, 235-236, 27 1, 1937 1?, 2 1, 1935 5,, J27-1 - 271 54
, (A lison W 1Conner) :,,, : 1918 1935, 41%, 8%,,,, 10%, 90%,,,,,,,, 2: 1917 2 1918 3 1923 3 1925 2 1926 2 1927 6 1928 4 1930 5 1931 23 1932 8 1933 15 1934 39 1935 17 1936 8 1937 11 1938 7 1939 7 :, :, 1997, 152 [ ] :,, 1997, 289 55
2 /2008 1940 6 1941 5 : (, J65-3 - 539 J65-3 - 545),, (28 ) (33 ), 1934,,,,,, 1934,, 36,,,,,,,,, 1912 1941 2, 1931,, 1934 80, 4818%, (20 ), 30,, 1926, 1929, 1936 1937 ; (31 ) 1936, 28, 1935,,,, (1912 1931),,, 1913,, 1927,, 673,,,, 1933 ;,, J65-3 - 548 J65-3 - 549 33, 1938, 1940,, 1933 ;,, J65-3 - 550 J65-3 - 551,,, 1946 286, 5 ; 1945 72 10, 1946,, Q185, 01, 00208, : : (1912-1937),, 2003, 57 ; 1948,, 89-1 - 124, :, 2004 4, 23 5, 1934 10 13,, 1930 ;,, 1933 ;,, J65-3 - 545;, J174-2 - 157 J174-2 - 168 56
,,, 1926 1 13,,,,, 1927,,,,,, 1921 1929,,,,,, 1912, 1948,,, 1933,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 37,,,,,,,,,, ( : ),, J65-3 - 540; 263, 1928 10 ; 2 2, 1935 6,, 1933, 18 ;,, J65-3 - 545; 167, 1926 9 ; 183, 1927 1 ; 201, 1927 5,, 1933, 18 ;,, J65-3 - 543 J65-3 - 546, 89-1 - 124, :, 2004 4,, 1933, 20 ;,, J65-3 - 548; :,, 77,, 1933 ; 1925 1941,,, J65-3 - 544 J65-3 - 551 57
Abstract H ISTO R ICAL REV IEW No. 2, 2008 ( Serial No. 105) Edited under the Ausp ices of the Institute of H istory, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Abstract Reg istered Accoun tan ts in M odern Ch ina D U Xun cheng Registered accountants who were engaged in the verification industry were social elites. But they were small in number and narrow in business scope, and had to maintain their living by doing part - time jobs. Though the government had tried to p rohibit this kind of part - time jobs, it failed to carry out the p rohibition strictly. This showed that due to the ill - developed public credit system, registered account2 ants had to depend on public rights so as to seek survival and development. The Forma tion and Influence of the M anagem en t System of Ch ina M erchan ts Steam sh ip Nav iga2 tion Com pany L UO Su wen China M erchants Steam ship Navigation Company in late Q ing dynasty was founded under the shelter and control of government, and was governm ent supervised and m erchant managed. However, due to the government s infringem ent and occupation of the Company, both the shareholders and peop le in charge could not comp letely fulfill their rights and obligations. A s a result, the Company becam e government su2 pervised and governm ent managed. Thoughts of Con trol over Econom y in Ch ina in the 1930 s and 1940 s ZHO NG X iang ca i Thoughts of control over economy p layed a decisive role in the development of Chinese society in the 20 th century. The essence of this thought is the overall intervention of government into social economy. Two deep - rooted cultural ideological reasons can be found: first, human beings are conceited about their know ledge in controlling the developm ent p rocess; second, they are conceited about their rationality in changing their own weakness. However, it is of p rofound significance for a nationality that is in the p rocess of modernization to cultivate a market system which features fair competition. An In itia l Study on the Law Educa tion in Chaoyang Un iversity - a lso the Forma tion of Be ijing Lawyers in the Republic of Ch ina Q IU Zh i hong Two universities featuring law education - B eijing Chaoyang University and Shanghai Dongwu Univer2 sity exerted influence on peop le s thoughts and contributed to the saying that Chaoyang is the p lace for cultivating judges and Dongwu the lawyers. Through studying the law education of Chaoyang, the author holds that Chaoyang University attaches more importance to cultivating and training the comp rehensive quality of the law talents and p lays a special role in p roducing lawyers in Beijing. Im per ia l Exam ina tion and Tran sforma tion of Soc ia l Trad ition in the Q ing D ya sty Tak ing H istor ica l L itera ture on Im per ia l Exam ina tion in the M id - la te of Q ian - long Per iod a s Cen ter CHANG J ian hua In the Q ing Dynasty the officials such as the p rovincial governor and the literary chancellor had the obligation to rectify the habitual p ractice of scholars and vitalize the style of w riting. The Emperor required them to report the condition of the regular recruitm ent and the p rovincial exam ination by palace memorial. The palace memorial in Q ian - long period p reserved such materials. In Q ing Dynaty rectifying the habitu2 189