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1 (, ) [] ; ; ; [ ] ,, [] K27 ; K513 ; K515 [] A [ ] (2007) On the October Crises in Eastern Europe : China s Reaction and Reflection A Study ofthe Polish and Hungarian Incidents and China, Part 2 SH EN Zhi2hua ( History Department, East China N ormal University, S hanghai , China) Keywords :the Polish and Hungarian Incidents ; the 2 nd Plenary Session of the 8 th Central Committee of the CPC ;big de2 mocracy ;a small group of people making trouble Abstract :The Polish and Hungarian Uprisings in October 1956 were not only important events in terms of Cold War ge2 opolitics, but had highly significant influence on China s domestic politics. The major lesson that Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai and other leaders had learnt from the October Crises was the importance of solving the inner problems of the rul2 ing party. Mao Zedong, on the other hand, put more emphasis on the persistence of class identities and the potential for class struggle, and stressed the importance of ideological education. Faced with Tito s allegations about the Soviet2 style bureaucratic system as risking an ideology chaos within the Communist Bloc, the Chinese leaders, for the first time, raised the question of opposingrevisionism. In response to the Chinese vehement reaction to the Polish and Hungarian Crises, together witha small group of people making trouble, the CPC s tactics were to adjust its previ2 ous guiding principles and policies to make someconcessions. Mao Zedong was especially mindful of the dynamics of the social ideology, which foreshadowed the later campaigns of therectificationand theanti2rightists ,,, 1948,,,,, :,,, ( ) ( ),,,, : 1948, ;, : :, ,

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1 5 6 1948 1 000 6 008 8 00 007 1 3 1346 3 4 5 6 4 73 009 5 1948 1 4 1991 4 133 1986 374 17 199 11 1999 01 4 9

1 5 6 1948 1 000 6 008 8 00 007 1 3 1346 3 4 5 6 4 73 009 5 1948 1 4 1991 4 133 1986 374 17 199 11 1999 01 4 9 01 4 D31 D6. 13 A 1003-3815 01-04 - 008-11 A Historical Investigation of the System of Asking Higher Authorities for Instructions Beforehand and Submitting Reports Afterwards within the Party during the