5 2 2008 03 34 * 1953 1954-1969 1970-1990 1991 1950-1969 1990 : * Email:jjlin@ncnu.edu.tw 2008 8 6 2008 9 11
4 A Study on Development of Chinese School at Cambodia in the Past Hundred Years Jyh-Jong LIN Abstract This article explores the development of Chinese School at Cambodia in the past hundred years. In addition to analyze Chinese population and the Chinese School circumstances at four stages sequentially: before 1953, between 1954 and 1969, between 1970 and 1990, and after 1991, this study analyzes those fundamentals of the Chinese School develop ment in Cambodia at different stages from the viewpoint of Chinese population, politics, economics, and culture. Basically, the historical development of Chinese School was presented in an U-shape, which indicated a peak between 1950 and 1969 and another upsurge after 1990. The Cambodian Chinese Schools, nevertheless, has been transformed from an Overseas Chinese education at an early stage to the Chinese Language Education nowadays. In addition, under the influence of full-time education structure of eleme ntary school in Cambodia, there is a tendency toward a development of full -time bilingual classes-chinese and Cambodian in Cambodian Chinese Schools. Keywords: Cambodia, Chinese School
5 1 (Cambodia Kampuchea) 2 1914 1928 95 4,000 1960 200 5 1970-1980 1975 (Pol Pot regime) (Khmer Rouge) 1979 (People s Republic of Kampuchea, PRK) 1990 1990 2005 80 5 ( 1996: 26) 1953 1954-1969 1 2 1990
6 1970-1990 1991 1953 1953 ( 2001: 872-874) ( 1958: 12 1954: 100) ( 2003: 42-44) 1671 1679 1812 ( 1960: 101-110 1954: 100) 1840 (1863-1953 ) 3 ( 2000: 12) 1863 ( 2002: 49) 3 2002: 49-50 1943-1945 2003:45-46
7 ( 1958: 12) 4 1920 1930 1940 ( 2003: 45-46) ( ) W. E. Willmott(1967) 1890 13 9.7% 1920 6,000 8,000 1946-1949 3 1890 1953 29 5 1952 42 5 5 6 ( 1958: 14) ( 1988: 40) 32.4 ( 76%) 4.3 ( 10%) 3.3 ( 8%) 1.4 ( 3%) 1 ( 2%) 1,000 (Willmott 1967 ; Willmott 1981) 4 1988: 45 5 1958: 12 1936 10 6000 1952 21 7928 12 1955 1956 4,098,300 26 1960: 22-29 6 1814 1814 1834 1859 1871 1960: 72 1958: 14-18
8 1890-1952 % 1890 130000 9.7 1891-1905 170000 8.9 2666 1906-1920 200000 8.3 2000 1921-1925 230000 7.9 6000 1926-1930 270000 9.8 8000 1931-1934 260000 8.7 1935-1942 300000 8.7 5000 1943-1945 300000 8.3 1946-1949 420000 10.8 30000 1950-1952 425000 10.3 : Willmott, W. E.(1967). The Chinese in Cambodia(pp.1-15). Vancouver: of British Columbia, Publications Centre. University 15 ( 2000: 12) 1953 1953 ( 1988: 39 1958: 22) ( 2006:
9 10) 1901 ( ) 1914 7 ( 1969: 87) 1920 30 (1927) (1929) (1941) (1942) 1928-1938 95 4,000 ( 1997: 33 1969: 87) ( 2006: 10) 50 170 2 5-6 ( 1960: 52-66) 1953 ( 1958: 37) ( ) ( 1988: 34-36) ( 1958: 16) 1912 7 1908 1914 1918 1969: 87
10 ( 2000: 12 2000: 37) 6 3 1934 1946 1941 1947 1953 ( 1969: 87-88) 1927 ( 1958: 25) (Edward 1996: 27) ( 1988: 34-36 1998: 124) 1954 1969 1954 1969 1953 11 9 (Kingdom of Cambodia) (1954-1970) 1949 ( 2003: 45-46 1988: 45) ( 2000: 12) 50 1956 3 19
11 18 8 ( 1960: 117) 1957 30%( 1958: 19) 1958 99 1956 1957 12 30% ( 1960: 117) 1957 ( 1996: 39-40) 1948 ( 2003: 47) 1952 1958 ( 1960: 111-112 1958: 14-18) ( 2000: 13) 60 ( 1960: 70,78) ( 1993: 45-46) 9 W. E. Willmott (1967) 1954 1960 42 1950 10.3% 1968 6.5% 8 18 : 1960: 111 9 1958: 12 1955 26 17 5 1997: 33 1951 30 60 50 1953 217,928 1988 : 21-22
12 90% 92% 3.5% 1% 1962-1963 25.1 59% 17.4 41% 13.5 32% (Willmott 1970: 88-91 1993: 27-28, 44-45) 1954 1969 1954 60 1. 1950 1950 1950 (Edward 1996: 27-28) 50 ( 1993:44-45) 1953 ( 1997: 33) 40 50 30 10 60 13 5 ( 1993: 45) 10 1956
13 50 170 2 5-6 27 1 : 30 ( 1960: 52) 1957 4 15 ( 1996: 27) 27 11,400 143 14,355 170 40% 3,000 (1,200 ) (1,000 ) 40 50 170 32 ( 1960: 52-66 1958: 22-24) 2 :1950 170 1,500 ( 1960: 52) 1962 ( 1988: 34-36) ( 1996: 27) 3 : 1956 2,000 1963 7,000 1967 11,000 1960: 70
14 90%( 1960: 52-53) 4 : ( 1960: 52-53) 2. 1960 1960 200 5 11 50 1970 231 ( 1997: 33-34) 1955 ( 1958: 36) 1956 11 14 1958 4 7 ( 1960: 124,134-135) 12 1957 6 11 11 : 4,500 1,500 450 1,200 600 1997: 33-34 2001 12 1960: 134-135
15 NS201 10 ( 1960: 133) ( 1969: 88) 1958 ( 1958: 64) ( 1960: 68) 1955 ( 1958: 36, 53-58, 62-63) ( 1996 : 41) 1960 ( 1958: 53-58) 1955-1956 1963 ( 1969: 89) 1958 1967 1970 ( 1993: 45-46 2004: 3) 1970 1990 1970 1990
16 1970 1965 1970-1974 (Lon Nol) (the Khmer Republic, KP) ( 2000: 14) 1974 36 15 ( 1988: 21-22) 1970 1975-1979 (Democratic Kampuchea, DK) ( 2001) 13 60 ( 2001) 3 8 30 ( 1993: 46) 1977 1978 1979-1990 ( 2000: 14) 1982-1990 (the Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea, 13 40 1999
17 CGDK) 1982 10 24 (PRK) : 351 1984 K5 : (Chan 2005: 59-68) ( 2000: 30) 1975 10 ( 1993: 46) 1977 36 1/3( 2004: 3) 1970 1990 1970 1970 231 ( 1988: 36-37) ( 1993: 46) 1974 ( 2000: 67) ( 2000: 35) 1970-1973 1973 ( 1997: 33) 1975-1979 ( 1996: 27) 1974
18 ( 2001: 879) 1986 ( 2001) ( 1996: 32 1996: 41) 1990 1990 1991 1993 1991 ( 1998: 1,3) 1991 (Chan 2005: 71) 1990 1990 3%-5%( 2004) 20 40 14 10 ( 1996: 62) 2000 40 ( 2000: 30) 50 ( 2002: 25) 2007 70 5%( 2007: 62) 90% 14 1997: 34 1993 25 2002: 50 1990 30 1996: 39 1993 30 3% Edward 1996: 53 1995 30-34 20 30 18 50% 2002: 50
19 15 70 (Edward 1996: 3) 1990 1990 ( 2001) 1987 1989 30-40% 1993 16 ( 1993: 47 2001) 1990 12 26 ( 2001) ( 15 2000: 37 1990 16 1980 1990 1975 2000: 35
20 2000: 31 2001) 17 ( 2001) 18 ( 2000: 30) 2000 8 10 ( 15 2005) 1. 1991 10 19 1992 5 20 ( 2001) 1992 12 8,600 ( 2000: 66) 1994 6 50 4 ( 1997: 34) 1995 19 14 60 ( 1996: 26-27 1996: 19) 2001 75 95% 15 ( 2001) 2005 80 5 ( 2005 17 80% 30 2000: 30 2001 70 10 8 3 2% 2002: 25 18 2001 103 2002: 25 19 1990 1990 1991 10 2001 20 2001
21 2002) 1970 231 ( 1997: 34) 1996 3 16 21 ( 1996: 26-27) ( 2004) 1992 1,700 1995 4,500 2002 ( 2003: 36 2001) 2000 2008 7 13 23 77 374 ( 2008) 2005 ( 2005) 2008 6 17 2005 ( 2008) 2002 78 22 14 18 11 18 2 7 6 ( 2002) 2007 61 22 21 8000 16 1997: 34 22 2007 : * * * * * * * * * * * * *
22 3 ( 33 2007) ( 355 2007 932 2007) 2. 1 : 1990 ( 2003: 46) 1995 ( 2004: 12 2005) 23 ( 2002: 26) ( 2005 2005) 2 : ( 2001) 1999 4 4 30%-40%( 2000: 38) (1995: 16) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 23 2002 900 100 2002: 26
23 3 :1990 ( 2004) ( 2000: 30) 2007 ( 2004) 1996 ( 2003: 17-18 2005) ( : 2005 2005) 4 :1990 40% 50% 10%( 2004) 3. 2001 ( 2001)
24 1 2002 78 11 ( 2003: 37) 2007 ( 2007) ( 2000: 32) 50-60 ( 1996: 29) 2001 800 300 ( 2005) 24 2002 ( 2001) 2005 ( 2005) 25 26 ( 2005.3.25 2000: 68) 2 1992 4 57 33 57.9% 35 5 1997 137 55 ( 40%) ( 2005: 308) 2001 230 74.3% ( 2001) 24 25 2007 43 37 6 30 50 4 50-100 14 100-200 16 200-300 8 325 410 33 2007 26 2005 2005
25 1999 ( 2002) 2002 ( 2002) 10 1 ( 2001) 2005 7 17 10 100 ( 2005) 2003 ( 2003) 2003 2006 25 ( 2005 2005) ( 2005) 3 2005 80 2007 61
26 ( 2006) 4 1990 ( 1996: 28) 1994 8 2003 ( 2001) 1995 ( 2001) 2002 ( 2002) 2005 ( : 2005) 5 ( 2003: 2) ( 2003: 47) ( 2000: 67) ( 1997: 34) ( 1997: 34-35) ( 2005: 39-40) 6
27 2005 61 ( 2007 2005 2006) 2005 ( 2005) 1953 13 42 1938-1939
28 980:193:170 38834:19965:8290 95 4000 (Bray 1999) 1950 1954-1969 60 (Bray 1999) 1970-1990 1991
29 1990 1990? 1950-1970 1990 1990 1988 600 ( 1988: 48-49)
30 : (2001) 3: 16 (2001) 3: 20 (2002) 1: 56 (2002) 1: 55 (2004) : 23: 94-95 (2002) 4: 49-54 (1996) 29: 26-29 (1996) : (2005) 3 25 B7 (1998) 37(7): 1-14 (2004) 5: 10-12 (2005) : (2002) 9: 25-28 (1997) 74: 33-36 (1995) 28: 14-17 (1993) 2: 44-48 (1996) 1:24-35 (2003) 4: 42-50 (1969) : (2003) 4: 16-19
31 (2001) ( ) : (2000) 5: 66-68 (2003) 3: 1-4 (2003) 2002 2003 6: 33-37 (1988) : (2000) 3: 30-33 (2004) 119(3):1-7 (2000) 1: 12-16 (2007) 3: 61-64 (2003) 12: 46-47 (2000) 3: 34-38 (1996) 7: 18-19 (1960) : (1998) : (2006) : (1996) 6: 39-43 (1999) 9: 52-55 (2005) 8: 36-41 (1958) : (1954) : : Bray, M. (1999) The Private costs of public schooling: Household and community financing of primary education in Cambodia. Paris: International Institute for Educational Planning and UNICEF.
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