,,,,,,,,,, 1948, ( 200433) 1844 1932,,,,,,,,,,,!?, :,,,,,,,,,,,, 95
2003 2,,,,,,,,,,,,,, M. :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,, : (1840 1841 3 ) (1843 ) (1843 ) (1843 1844 1 ) (1844 ) 1844, M. :, (),, 1986, 378 :, 96 :,,,,,, (,, 1983, 462 ),,, ( ( ),, 1965, 232 ),,, ( ),
(1844 4 8 ) (1844 9 11 ) (1845 ) (1845 1846 ) (1846 5 ) (1847 ) (1847 10 ) (1847 12 1848 1 ) 1857 1858 1861 1863 (1861 1863 ) (1867 ),,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : (Selbstent2 fremdung, self2alienation), :, See B. Ollman, Alien2 ation : Marx s Conception of Man in Capitalist Society ( second edition). Cambridge University Press, 1976, p. 44.,,,,, :, :, ( 440 ),, :,, 1982, 65 66 97
2003 2,,,,, 1844,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, () :,, 1844,, :,,,, :,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (1802 1803 ) (1803 1806 ) 42,, 1979, 21 22 42, 22 42, 93 42, 135 98,,, 1844, 1844,, (1923 ),
,,? :, ;, (),,,,,,,,, ( )? :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,, : 42, 120 :,, 1987, 55 :, 59 42, 131 2,, 1957, 104 99
2003 2,,,, 1844,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,, :, ;,,,,,,, :,,, :,,,, ( ),,,, 2, 44 3,, 1960, 40 3, 275 3, 317 4,, 1958, 144 4, 468 100
,,,,,, 1857 1858 1857 1858, : ( ),,,,,,,,, :,,,, ;,,,, ;,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,, :,,, :, 46 (),, 1979, 104 46 (), 108 109 46 (), 520 101
2003 2, :,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,, (),,,,,?,,, : ;, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,, 1,, 1975, 12 3,, 1975, 923 1, 88 89 46 (), 486 102
,,,,, :,,,,,, :,,,,, :, ( ),,, :,,,,, :,,,,, 1859,,,, 1857 1858 1861 1863,,,,?,, 46 (), 109 1, 829 :, (), 214 3, 316 317 4, 495 103
2003 2,,,, :, 1844 1857 1858,, ;, :,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, (transformationof perspective) (epistemological break) :,,,,,, ( ), ( ),,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,, :,, 1847 10, ;,,,, :,, 1984, 13 14 104, :,,,, 46 () (, 1980 ) 360
,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, ;,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : 105
2003 2 Transitional Period Tan Qiucheng 72 Township and village enterprises ( TVEs) have been operating in imperfect market and political systems in the period of transition. During this period, rural organizations have capital in the form of power to acquire factors, organize transactions and evade risks. Only when combined with the manpower capital of entrepreneurs can power capital realize its value. Similarly, only under an umbrella of protection can an entrepreneur successfully run his enterprise. Power capital and manpower capital are locked in a mutual benefit relationship. In their cooperation, rural organizations and entrepreneurs choose the form with the least distortion of investment and the maximum profit. As rural organizations in different areas possess different resources, and as industries vary as to their need for power capital and manpower capital, the TVEs are divided into two forms : collective and private. Collective ownership will remain for a rather long period of time, and private and collective TVEs will exist side by side into the long future. (7) Problems Faced by Small and Medium2sized Enterprises in China Report on a Survey in Beijing, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Guangdong and Yunnan Lin Hanchuan Xia Minren He Jie Guan Hongxi 84 The status quo and problems faced by small and medium2sized enterprises form an important basis for measures to be taken for their support and development. Based on a questionnaire completed in more than 14, 000 small and medium2sized enterprises in Beijing, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Guangdong and Yunnan this paper analyzes their problems in terms of ownership, competitiveness, source of information, coordination with other enterprises, financial affairs and channels, qualified personnel, technology and R&D capability, competitive measures and operational strategies, operational environment and services offered by the government, and factors unfavorable to their development. We also suggest countermeasures to solve these problems. (8) FromMoral tohistorical Evaluation A Switchover in Perspective during the Development of MarxTheory of Alienation Yu Wujin 95 Alienationwas one of the basic concepts in Marx life2long theoretical deliberations. As he developed this concept he made a fundamental switch in perspective, i. e., frommoral evaluation in his youth, to historical evaluationwhen he was mature. The precondition of this perspective change is the theory of historical materialism created by Marx. Since this changeover of perspective was not revealed, the young Marx theory of alienation was inevitably mistaken for his whole theory of alienation and the great significance of the theory of alienation of the mature Marx was concealed. Only when we start from the basic theory of historical materialism and conscientiously read mature Marxworks can we discern this switch of perspectives and gain a comprehensive and correct understanding of Marx conception of alienation and its position and role in the whole scheme of Marxist theory. (9) Concept of Communicating Practice :Logic with a Capital L of Capital Globalization 2 206