- PDF Free Download

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download ""

拥众卓
5 years ago
Views:

1 * % * Daniel Kelliher

2 % 100% % 100%

3 % % %

4 % % % % % % % % % % % % % Diaz-Cayeros et al Bardharn and Mookerjee

5 % 5-75-

6 5 n=942 % % % % 85% 6 6 % %

7 % % % % 2006 Fudenberg and Tirole 1991 Williamson

8 Moe

11 1 Bardharn, P. and Mookerjee, D.: Decentralisation and Accountability in Infrastructure Delivery in Developing Countries, The Economic Journal, 116(508): , Kelliher, D.: The Chinese Debate over Village Self-government, The China Journal, 37: Diaz-Cayeros, A.; Magaloni, B.; and Weingast, B.: Tragic Brilliance: Equilibrium Party Hegemony in Mexico, Working Paper, Hoover Institution, February, Fudenberg, D. and Tirole, J.: Game Theory, The MIT Press, Moe, T.: Political Institutions: The Neglected Side of the Story, Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 6( Special Issue), Williamson, O.: Economic Institutions of Capitalism, The Free Press, A ruralsurvey@cass.org.cn

12 China Rural Survey No Serial No.120 our estimation on happiness gaining, equal 1.62 percent increase of average farmer s pure income to gain the same increase of subjective well-being. However, the separate analysis of the poor sample and non-poor sample gives the contrary conclusions that the village s direct democracy could increase the happiness of the non-poor sample significantly, but not the poor sample. Therefore, we agree that it is necessary to develop village s direct democracy if the objective conditions permit. At the same time, appropriate measures must be taken to ensure that village s direct democracy should increase the happiness of the poor. Election as a Way of the State s Controlling Agents of Rural Grass-Roots Tan Qiucheng 71 The state controls and governs the village committee by leadership of the Communist Party, administrative order and command, and transfer payment from exchequer. The village committee is essentially the state s agent in rural areas. Electing village committee members by voting should be regardedasawayofthestate s selecting and controlling agents of rural grass-roots. The election can bring the rural community trust networks into the state s administrative control system, partly keep the grass-roots cadres accountable, and reduce the specific investment and nepotism among the grass-roots cadres, so it remarkably lowers the state s cost of rural governance. The effect of election is greatly weakened currently during to the collective village economy and superior governments control of rural special fund. Privatizing collective village assets and setting up villagers council in the township government is a necessary step to perfect and strengthen the system of electing the village committee. A Review of Smallholders Collective Action From The Perspective of Market Access Li Lin, Guo Hongdong 82 Decentralized smallholders are confronting more and more problems and challenges, which are accompanied with the development of agricultural market, when they link to big markets. Collective action is seen as an effective solution to overcome the barriers and contradictions between smallholders and big markets. This article is a summary of both Chinese and oversees literatures on collective actions from the perspective of market access. And the description is divided into four parts: smallholders entrance barriers, the impacts of collective actions on smallholder s entrance barriers, types and their evaluations of farmer organizations, and the factors affect the collective action. This paper finds that both Chinese and oversees have done some studies on collective action, and also identifies the gap between Chinese and oversees research paper, i.e. oversees studies are relatively more comprehensive and mature. CHINA RURAL SURVEY (CRS) is published bimonthly by Institute of Rural Development of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Editor in Chief Li Zhou Deputy Editor in chief Du Zhixiong Address No.5, Jianguomennei Ave. Beijing, , China Code No.BM4476 Overseas Distributor China International Book -96-

ULC ULC ULC ULC 1. 88

ULC ULC ULC ULC 1. 88 F815 Debate on the Deep Roots of European Debt Crisis Based on the Perspective of Labor Cost per Unit Output CHEN Jing-wei 1, JIANG Neng-peng 2 (1. Institute of Finance, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,