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1 17 6 Vol.17 No Journal of Fishery Sciences of China November 2010 A C E 王际英 1, 李宝山 1, 马晶晶 1, 柳旭东 2, 宋志东 2, 苗淑彦 2, 李培玉 2, 王世信黄炳山 1 1, 张利民 (1., ; 2., ) 1, 摘要 : (Paralichthys olivaceus), ( ) A C E,, A, A (P<0.05); C (P<0.05), (P>0.05); E (P<0.05), (P<0.05),, A C E, A C (P>0.05), E (P<0.05), A C E,, E, A C, [, 2010,17(6): ] : ; ; ; ; A; C; E 中图分类号 : S965.3 文献标识码 : A 文章编号 : (2010) (Paralichthys olivaceus), 8~24, 16~21 [1],,,,,,,, [2 4], [5-6] [7 11],, [12 14], A,, [15 16] ; C (Dicentrarchus labrax) (Sparus aurata), [17] ; E [18], A C E 收稿日期 : ; 修订日期 : 基金项目 : (nyhyzx07-046); ;. 作者简介 : (1965 ),,,. [email protected] 通讯作者 : (1956 ),,,. [email protected]

2 6 : A C E 1251,,, [19 20] ( ) A C E,,, , 40.5~ 75.5 cm, 973~5 129 g, 17.5~27.6 cm , 41.0~ 66.0 cm, 913~4 185 g, 15.6~27.0 cm 10 ( ); 10 A C E ( ), : AD ( ), C ( ), E ( ) [21] Lavens [22] : A, IU/kg ; C, 333 mg/kg ; E, mg/kg 1, , 1,,, A E : A E (GB ) C, :, 9 5%, r/min 2 min, g 6 min,, 0.22 μm, : C 18, 4.6 nm 250 nm 0.05 mol/l KH 2 PO 4 (ph 3.0), 0.6 ml/min, 254 nm, 30, 20 μl (Sigma), 1.4 EXCEL 2000 SPSS 11.0, ±, 0.05 (LSD ) A C E A C E 1: A C (P> 0.05), E (P<0.05);, A C (P<0.05), Vitamins 表 1 野生养殖与营养强化褐牙鲆肌肉中维生素 A C E 的含量 Tab. 1 V A,V C and V E contents in muscle of wild, farmed and fortified Paralichthys olivaceus x ±SD; µg/g (DW) Wild broodstock (n=8) Farmed broodstock Fortified broodstock V A 7.40±2.68 a 7.08±3.13 a 28.48±5.66 b V C 51.12±2.44 a 50.73±3.58 a ±25.23 b V E ±8.81 b ±6.04 a 15.00±1.62 a : (P<0.05) Note: Values in the same line with different superscripts are significantly different (P<0.05).

3 E (P<0.05) A C E A C E 2, A (P>0.05), C E (P<0.05) A (P<0.05), 2.53 ; C 515.7%(P<0.05);, E (34.41~96.08 μg/g), E (P<0.05) A C E A C E 3, A C (P<0.05), E 31.6%(P<0.05) E (P<0.05), A C (P> 0.05), (P<0.05) 3 A 3, A, A [23 24] A, A,, A, Furuita [25 26], A 16.9 mg/kg, A ; A( IU/100g), A 2, A Vitamins 表 2 野生养殖与营养强化褐牙鲆肝脏中维生素 A C E 的含量 Tab. 2 V A,V C and V E contents in liver of wild, farmed and fortified Paralichthys olivaceus x ±SD; µg/g (DW) Wild broodstock(n=8) Farmed broodstock Fortified broodstock V A 55.66±2.08 a 53.76±1.16 a ±4.89 b V C ±8.13 b ±4.91 a ±34.36 c V E ±2.93 c 34.41±1.33 a 96.08±10.54 b : (P<0.05) Note: Values in the same row with different superscripts are significantly different (P<0.05). Vitamins 表 3 野生养殖与营养强化褐牙鲆卵中维生素 A C E 的含量 Tab. 3 V A,V C and V E contents in eggs of wild, farmed and fortified Paralichthys olivaceus x ±SD; µg/g (DW) Wild broodstock(n=8) Farmed broodstock Fortified broodstock V A 72.61±2.78 b 27.66±2.85 a 30.72±1.28 a V C 15230±1210 b 11180±2180 a 11460±3880 a V E ±4.70 a ±16.99 b ±7.30 c : (P<0.05). Note: Values in the same row with different superscripts are significantly different (P<0.05).

4 6 : A C E 1253,, 2.53, Furuita [26] (SD; mg/kg V A ) (CD; 0.77 mg/kg V A ) (1.48), A, Combs [27] Furuita [25] Furuita [25], A,, V A [25] A [25], A C DNA, C [28] C, C, C [29], [30],, C,, Blom [25] C, C, C, Lavens [22] C-2-, C C [22], C ( C-2- / C), C, C, C, Biswas [32] E,,,, E (Perca flavescens) [33], (Epinephelus coioides) [18], (Sparus aurata) [34], [35] (Chanos chanos) [36], E E [37], E ( ) E [38 41], E, E, E E E 179% 48.9%, E, Lewis-McCrea [42] E, A C E, A C E,,, A C E, 2 参考文献 : [1]. [D]. :, 2001: 2 3. [2],,,. 50DE

5 DHA [J]., 1997, 4(5): [3]., [J]., 1997, 28(4): [4] Furuita H, Tanaka T, Yamamoto T, et al. Effects of high levels of n-3 HUFA in broodstock diet on egg quality and egg fatty acid composition of Japanese flounder, Paralichithys olicaceus [J]. Aquaculture, 2002, 210 (1-4): [5] Lavens P, Sorgeloos P. Variation in egg and larval quality in various fish and crustacean species. [M]// Larvi 91, Fish and Crustacean Larviculture Symposium, P. Lavens P, Sorgeloos E, Jespers and F. Ollevier (eds), European Aquaculture Society, Gent, 1991: [6] Peleitero J B, Lavens P, Rodriguez-Ojea G, et al. Relationship between egg quality and fatty acid content of various turbot broodstock (Scophthalmus maximus L.) J. ICES Marine Science Syposium, 1995, 201: [7] Watanabe T. Importance of the study of broodstock nutrition for further development of aquaculture [M]// Nutrition and Feeding in Fish. London: Academic Press. 1985: [8] Czesny S, Dabrowski K. The effect of egg fatty acid concentrations on embryo viability in wild and domesticated walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) [J]. Aqu Living Res, 1998, 11(6): [9] Gallagher M L, Paramore L, Alves D,et al. Comparison of phospholipid and fatty acid composition of wild and cultured striped bass eggs [J]. J Fish Biol, 1998, 52: [10] Sargent J R, Tocher D R, Bell J G. The lipids [M]// Halver J E, Hardy R W, Fish Nutrition, 3rd ed. USA: Elsevier, 2002: [11] Pavlov D, Kjørsvik E, Refsti T, et al. Culture of Cold-Water Marine Fish. Oxford:Blackwell Science, Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2004: 519. [12] Cerda J, Zauny S, Carrillo M, et al. Short and long term effects on female sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax: seasonal changes in plasma profiles of lipids and sex steroids in relation to reproduction [J]. Comp Biochem Physiol,1995, 111C: [13] Harel M, Tandler A, Kissil G Wm, et al. The kinetics of nutrient incorporation into body tissues of gilthead sea bream S. aurata females and subsequent effects on egg composition and egg quality [J]. Br J Nutr, 1994, 72: [14] Tandler A, Harel M, Koven W M. et al. Broodstock and larvae nutrition in gilthead seabream Sparus aurata - new findings on its mode of involvement in improving growth, survival and swimbladder inflation [J]. Isr J Aqu, 1995, 47: [15] Furuita H, Ohta H, Unuma T, et al. Biochemical composition of eggs in relation to egg quality in the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica [J]. Fish Physiol Biochem, 2003, 29: [16] Ignacio F, Pimentel M S, Ortiz-Delgado J B, et al. Effect of dietary vitamin A on Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) skeletogenesis and larval quality [J]. Aquaculture, 2008, 295 (3-4): [17] Terova G, Sarogila M, Papp G Z, et al. Dynamics of collagen indicating amino acids, in embryos and larvae of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), originated from broodstocks fed with different vitamin C content in the diet [J]. Comp Biochem Physiol-Part A: Mol Integr Physiol, 1998, 121(2): [18],,,. E C [J]. :, 2003, 42( (2)): 2l4 2l7. [19],,,. A E [J]., 2001, 30(6): [20],,. C E [J]., 2006, 24(4): [21],,,. [J]. :, 2001, 20(suppl): [22] Lavens P, Leregue E, Jaunet H, et al. Effect of dietary essential fatty acids and vitamins on egg quality in turbot broodstocles [J]. Aquacult Int 1999, 7: [23] Costaridis P, Horton C, Zeitlinger J, et a1.endogenous retinoids in zebrafish embryos and adult[j].dev Dyn, 1996, 205: [24] Ronnestad I, Herme G-I, Finn RN, et a1.alternate sources and dynamics of vitamin A and its incorporation into the eyes during the early endotrophic and exotrophic larval stages of Atlantic halibut(hippoglossus hippolossus L) [J].Compr Biochem Phys, 1998, 119A: [25] Furuita H, Tanaka H, Yamamoto T, et al.effects of high dose vitamin A on reproduction and egg quality of Japanese flounder Paralichthys loivaceus[j].fish Sci, 2001, 67: [26] Furuita H, Tanaka H, Yamamoto T, et a1.supplemental effect of vitamin A in diet on the reproductive performance and egg qual ity of the Japanese flounder Parachthys olivaceus(t & S)[J]. Aqu Res, 2003, 34:

6 6 : A C E 1255 [27] Combs G F Jr.The vitamins-fundamental aspects in nutrition and health [M]. 2 nd Edition.San Diego: Academic Press, [28] Fraga C G, Motchnik P A, Shigenaga M K, et a1.ascorbic acid protects against endogenous oxidative DNA damage in human sperm[j].proc Natl Acad Sci, USA, l99l, 88: [29] Sandnes K, Uigenes Y, Braekkan O R, et al. The effect of ascorbic acid supplementation in broodstock feed on reproduction of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) [J]. Aquaculture, 1984, 43(1-3): [30] Soliman A K, Jauncey K. Roberts R J. The effect of dietary ascorbic acid supplementation on hatchability, survival rate and fry performance in Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) [J]. Aquaculture, 1986, 59 (3-4): [31] Blom J H, Dabrowski K. Ascorbic acid metabolism in fish: is there a maternal effect on the progeny? [J]. Aquaculture, 1996, 147: [32] Biswas A K, Seoka M, Ueno K, et al. Growth performance and physiological responses in striped knifejaw, Oplegnathus fasciatus, held under different photoperiods [J]. Aquaculture, 2008, 279: [33] Lee K J, Dabrowski K. Long-term effects and interactions of dietary vitamins C and E on growth and reproduction of yellow perch, Perca flavescens [J]. Aquaculture, 2004, 230: [34] Fernrndez-Palacios H, Izquiento M S, Gonzalez M, et al. Combined effect of dietary α-tocopherol and n-3 HUFA on egg quality of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) broodstock [J]. Aquaculture, 1998, 161: [35],,. E [J]., 2001, 47( ): l20 l24. [36] Emata A C, Borlongan I G, Damaso J P. Dietary vitamin C and E supplementation and reproduction of milkfish Chanos chanos Forsskal [J]. Aqu Res, 2000, 31 (7): [37] Watanabe T, Lee M, Mizutani J, et al. Effective components in cuttlefish meal and raw krill for improvement of quality of red sea bream Pagrus major eggs [J]. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 1991, 57(4): 68l 694. [38] Hamre G, Waagbo R, Berge R K, et al. Vitamins C and E interact in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmon salar L.). Free Radic[J]. Biol Med, 197, 22: [39] Ruff N, Fitzgerald R D, Cross T F, et al. The effect of dietary vitamin E and c level on market-size turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) fillet quality[j]. Aquc Nutr, 2003, 9: [40] Mourente G, Diaz-Salvaga E, Tocher D, et al. Effects of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid/vitamin E (PUFA/tocopherol) ration on antioxidant defense mechanisms of juvenile gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L., Osterihthyes, Sparidae) [J]. Fish Physiol Biochem, 2000, 23: [41] Tocher D, Mourente G, Van der Eecken A, et al. Effect of dietary vitamin E on antioxidant defense mechanisms of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) [J]. Aquac Nutr, 2002, 8: [42] Lewis-McCrea L M, Lall S P. Effects of moderately oxidized dietary lipid and the role of vitamin E on the development of skeletal abnormalities in juvenile Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) [J]. Aquaculture, 2007, 262:

7 A comparison study of Vitamin A, C and E in wild and farmed Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus WANG Jiying 1, LI Baoshan 1, MA Jingjing 1, LIU Xudong 2, SONG Zhidong 2, MIAO Shuyan 2, LI Peiyu 2, WANG Shixin 1, HUANG Bingshan 1, ZHANG Limin 1 (1. Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Shandong Province, Yantai , China; 2. Shengsuo Fishery Feed Research Centre of Shandong Province, Yantai , China) Abstract: A comparison analysis of vitamin A, C and E contents in muscle, liver and eggs of wild, cultured and nutrition fortified Paralichthys olivaceus broodstock was conducted, attempting to explain the decline of larval fish quality in farmed Paralichthys olivaceus. The results showed that no differences were found in vitamin A content of wild and farmed fish, however, egg vitamin A content of wild fish was significantly higher than that of farmed fish (P<0.05). Vitamin C contents in liver and eggs of wild fish were statistically higher than those of farmed fish (P<0.05), while no change were detected in muscle. Vitamin E content in muscle and egg of wild fish were significantly higher than those of farmed fish, with liver vitamin E content following the opposite tendency. Fortification strategies in this study improved vitamin A and C contents in liver and muscle, vitamin E content in eggs of farmed broodstock, while vitamin A and C contents in eggs as well as vitamin E content in muscle changed a little (P>0.05). All the above results reached a conclusion that the discrepancy of vitamin A, C and E contents existed between wild and farmed fish, to some extent, may be correlated with the decline of the larval fish quality in the culture of Paralichthys olivaceus, and this could be diminished by more effective fortification strategies of vitamin A, C and E, which is needed to be further studied. [Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2010, 17(6): ] Key words: Paralichthys olivaceus; wild Population; farmed; fortification; vitamin A; vitamin C; vitamin E Corresponding author: ZHANG Limin. [email protected] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 欢迎订阅 2011 年水产学报 ( CSCD ), 1964, , (C ), (B ), 160, 49.00, () : CN /S, : ISSN , : 4-297, : Q-387, 6 : : : : [email protected]; [email protected] Website:

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