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1 般若波羅蜜多經隱義教授 蔣揚協巴著七十義 : ( 第七品 ) 林義淳 (Patrick Lin) Chinese Translation of The Hidden Teaching of the Perfection of Wisdom Sutras Jam-yang-shay-pa s Seventy Topics: Chapter Seven, Momentary Trainings Jeffrey Hopkins Jongbok Yi UMA INSTITUTE FOR TIBETAN STUDIES

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3 般若波羅蜜多經隱義教授 Website for UMA Institute for Tibetan Studies (Union of the Modern and the Ancient: gsar rnying zung `jug khang): umatibet.org. UMA stands for "Union of the Modern and the Ancient" and means "Middle Way" in Tibetan. UMA is a non-profit 501(c)3 organization.

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5 般若波羅蜜多經隱義教授蔣揚協巴著七十義 : ( 第七品 ) Patrick Lin Chinese Translation of The Hidden Teaching of the Perfection of Wisdom Sūtras: Jam-yang-shay-pa s Seventy Topics: Chapter Seven, Momentary Trainings Jeffrey Hopkins Jongbok Yi Edited by Elizabeth Napper UMA Institute for Tibetan Studies uma-tibet.org

6 Education in Compassion and Wisdom UMA Great Books Translation Project Supported by generous grants from the Pierre and Pamela Omidyar Fund the Silicon Valley Community Foundation and a bequest from Daniel E. Perdue Translating texts from the heritage of Tibetan and Inner Asian Buddhist systems, the project focuses on Great Indian Books and Tibetan commentaries from the Go-mang College syllabus as well as a related theme on the fundamental innate mind of clear light in Tantric traditions. A feature of the Project is the usage of consistent vocabulary and format throughout the translations. Publications available online without cost under a Creative Commons License with the understanding that downloaded material must be distributed for free: UMA stands for Union of the Modern and the Ancient (gsar rnying zung jug khang). The UMA Institute for Tibetan Studies is a non-profit 501(c)3 organization. UMA Institute for Tibetan Studies Mailing address: 629 Jefferson Dr., East, Palmyra, VA USA Version: January, 2019 ISBN: Library of Congress Control Number: Lin, Patrick. Chinese translation of the hidden teaching of the perfection of wisdom sūtras: jam-yang-shay-pa s seventy topics; chapter seven, momentary trainings / by Jeffrey Hopkins, Jongbok Yi; edited by Elizabeth Napper. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN: 'Jam dbyangs bzhad pa ngag dbang brtson grus, Dngos po brgyad don bdun cu'i rnam bzhag legs par bshad pa mi pham bla ma'i zhal lung. 2. Byams pa (Maitreya). Mngon par rtogs pa'i rgyan. 3. Dge-lugs-pa (Sect)--Doctrines. 4. Don-bdun-bcu. 5. Wisdom Religious aspects--buddhism. I. Hopkins, Jeffrey; Yi, Jongbok. II. Title.

7 目次 阿逸多上師口訣 作者 27 本書編排方式 28 版本參照 31 第七品說明能表剎那加行四法 33 剎那加行 定義 34 剎那加行 分類 35 第六十三義 非異熟剎那加行 ( མ པར ན པ མ ཡ ན པའ ད ཅ ག མའ ར བ ) 36 非異熟剎那加行定義 36 第六十四義 異熟剎那加行 ( མ པར ན པའ ད ཅ ག མའ ར བ ) 38 異熟剎那加行定義 38 第六十五義 無相剎那加行 (མཚན ཉ ད མ ད པའ ད ཅ ག མའ ར བ ) 40 無相剎那加行定義 40 第六十六義 無二剎那加行 (གཉ ས མ ད པའ ད ཅ ག མའ ར བ ) 41 無二剎那加行定義 41 剎那現觀 釋義 42 剎那加行 界限 43 簡稱說明 (Abbreviations) 45 參考書目 經 (Sūtras) 其他梵文與藏文著作 其他 63

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9 序言 格魯佛學教育制度 格魯派乃於十五世紀初由宗喀巴大師洛桑扎巴 a 所開創, 一般而言, 格魯的佛學教育可以區分為兩大領域, 將佛學的根本教法劃分為經教 (sūtra) 密續 (tantra) 或顯密二宗, 固然佛陀涅槃數個世紀之後, 二者才形諸文字, 卻皆可回溯至釋迦牟尼佛語教 梵文 sūtra 一詞亦可指稱續典, 然而在此若將佛陀一切法教區分為互不相屬的經教 (sūtra) 密法 (tantra) 兩大類別, 則粗略而言, 納入 經教 (sūtra) 之典籍, 內容無涉本尊瑜伽 b, 而 密續 (tantra) 則指本尊瑜伽修持者所依循的續典與密法 修持本尊瑜伽的時候, 行者會觀想自己具足本尊出脫三界的色身, 而非凡夫的形體, 乃是悲心與智慧無上崇高的示現 由顯宗經教為核心所形成的修行體系, 若再進一步劃分, 則有實修導向與理論導向兩套修學模式 c 兩者都兼容理論與實修, 其中實修導向旨在明白開示特定的修行法門 行持, 而 a tsong kha pa blo bzang grags pa, b 依據第十四世達賴喇嘛尊者 宗喀巴 傑佛瑞 霍普金斯 (JeffreyHopkins) 所著 Tantra in Tibet (London: George Allen and Unwin, 1977; reprint, with minor corrections, Ithaca, N.Y.: Snow Lion Publications, 1987), 此處所述顯密二宗差異, 依循宗喀巴大師 密宗道次第廣論 (sngags rim chen mo) 書中所言 宗大師指出, 密續四部 ( 事部 行部 瑜伽部 無上瑜伽部 ) 引導其主要所化機所行之道, 方可區隔大乘顯宗 ( 又稱波羅蜜多乘 ) 與密宗 由此, 宗大師主張本尊瑜伽係為密宗之核心特徵, 雖然事部續典多數與本尊瑜伽無涉, 然而宗大師表示, 未提及本尊的事部續典並非以該部密法的主要所化機為度化對象 一般人以為事部續典多數理應為度化事部密法主要所化機而傳, 然而宗大師所著 密宗道次第廣論 並不如此宣說 是故, 僅由典籍內容是否涉及本尊瑜伽修行, 並不足以判斷其為經典或續典, 因為涉及本尊瑜伽修行與否, 僅能就其主要所化機之修行而言, 區別是顯教或密法, 是而正文聲稱此一區隔乃 粗略而言 c 此一劃分係由第十四世達賴喇嘛尊者顛津嘉措所提出

10 8 序言 理論導向則注重立論辨析 匡正謬誤, 雖然亦可運用於實修, 其形式則多為主題疑問與詰難, 包括駁斥他宗 成立自宗 斷除諍論等 兩套體系所本皆為印度 西藏的大經大論, 其中西藏祖師大德所作的論著有兩類, 其一為注疏 明白析釋印度經論 ; 其二為論述 闡釋印度經論核心要義, 抑或在經論比對時剖析箇中差別意趣 印度傳承的修行法門浩瀚廣博, 理論導向的論典亦針對修行關要多所著墨, 有鑑於此, 實修導向的修學模式, 旨在貫串其中義理 務求深入淺出, 而格魯當中, 實修導向的修學特別注重以下論著 : 1. 宗喀巴大師所著 菩提道次第廣論 a 作者自述此論乃是西元十一世紀印度祖師阿底峽尊者 菩提道燈論 b 的論釋,( 阿底峽尊者入藏弘化教法, 長達二十年直至圓寂 ) 2. 宗大師兩大上首弟子之一, 賈曹傑尊者達瑪仁欽 c 所著 入菩薩行論 d 之論釋, 而 入行論 一書係為第八世紀印度瑜伽士寂天菩薩所造 理論導向的修學注重宗義的比較分析, 綜覽佛教 外道, 抑或印度佛教五部大論, 宗義 ( 哲學 心理 ) 比較分析採西藏方式呈現, 包含佛教以外的印度宗義, 但側重印度佛教四部宗義 寺院課程 格魯僧院課程架構彼此共通, 皆以五部大論 e 為根基 學制始於十八歲左右, 前後持續大約二十五年, 然而, 各所學院採用 a lam rim chen mo / skyes bu gsum gyi nyams su blang ba i rim pa thams cad tshang bar ston pa i byang chub lam gyi rim pa; Peking 6001, vol b byang chub lam gyi sgron ma, bodhipathapradīpa; Peking 5343, vol c rgyal tshab dar ma rin chen, d byang chub sems dpa i spyod pa la jug pa, bodhicāryāvatāra; Peking 5272, vol. 99. 賈曹傑論釋名為 入菩薩行論釋佛子正道 (byang chub sems dpa i spyod pa la jug pa i rnam bshad rgyal sras jug ngogs) e 昂望達傑格西於其所著的宗喀巴大師略傳當中, 提及五部大論在宗大師誕生以前即已成為一門學問, 又如同此書英文譯者傑佛瑞教授於 Emptiness in the Mind-Only School (6)( 暫譯 唯識空性 )) 中所述 敦珠仁

11 序言 9 教科書或有不同, 係為五部大論各家注疏 a 為協助學生日後修學五部大論, 學制首先安排基礎辯經課程, 此後求學過程中, 學僧不斷藉由辯經學習, 看似激烈論辯, 實則深廣辨析 辯經方式兼採對辯與立宗辯, 前者旨在一對一求勝, 後者乃是一人立宗, 眾人提出異議, 過程中不斷交流見解 而後, 學僧會進一步修學其他基礎學科, 包括如同基礎心理學的心類學 或譯為認知理論 以及基礎因明邏輯的因類學 此後, 便開始研習五部大論的第一部 未來佛彌勒所著 現觀莊嚴論 b, 此乃 般若波羅蜜多經 修道架構隱義的詮釋 在標準的格魯學制中, 彌勒 現觀莊嚴論 修學時間長達六年, 此論對於道的說明鉅細靡遺, 於此修學期間, 學僧得以充分了解修道歷程的複雜結構, 藉此一論得以綜觀全局 一覽無遺 現觀莊嚴論 書中所呈現的修道架構, 不僅提昇了實修法門, 現觀 殊勝的內涵更融入到 道次第 一系列的論典當中, 其中易於日常觀修的精簡論著為數眾多, 一一證實其中實修關要 相較繁複的體系其實極度深細, 故而楷定了實修導向的教授範疇與界限 現觀班通常每日跟隨經教師學習兩小時 ( 其他論典班亦然 ), 而後參與兩場辯經, 每場兩小時左右 在長達二十五年的學制當中, 大多會挪出一段時間修學第二部大論 法稱所著 釋量論, 研習知識論與邏輯學 彌勒 現觀莊嚴論 研習完成之後, 道之架構就此確立, 學僧開始學習第三部論典 月稱所著 入中論 c, 在中觀班 欽勸請他 即宗大師 修學印度佛法五部大論 如欲參考宗大師在為期三月講經法會所傳之十七部典籍, 請參閱昂望達傑格西 (Geshe Ngawang Dhargey) 所著 A Short Biography, a 此乃格魯寺院課程的一般簡介, 位於印度 Karnataka 邦 Mundgod 的果芒佛學院課程詳述請參考下列連結 : b mngon rtogs rgyan, abhisamayālaṃkāra 班禪大師的扎什倫布寺佛學院乃一特例, 其學制之初, 學僧學習的是法稱所著 釋量論 (tshad ma rnam grel, pramāṇavarttika) 此乃陳那 集量論 之注疏 c dbu ma la jug pa, madhyamakāvatāra. 由於月稱經常用 中 (madhyamaka) 字一詞簡稱龍樹所著的 中論 (dbu ma i bstan bcos, madhyamakaśāstra), 因此 入中論 (madhyamakāvatāra) 書名中的 中 (madhyamaka) 字應該

12 10 序言 兩年期間, 探討自性空 十地等主題, 空性乃是菩薩道智根本定中主要的觀修對境, 也是 般若波羅蜜多經 顯義的教授 就是專指龍樹所著 申論中觀意趣的 中論 (dbu ma i bstan bcos, madhyamakaśāstra) 本書 入中論 英文譯名為 Supplement to (Nāgārjuna s) Treatise on the Middle 英文譯者將 avatāra ( jug pa) 一詞譯作 supplement 補義, 是有些爭議的, 其他譯名包括 introduction 導引 或 entrance 導入, 兩者都是在這樣的語境受人認可的普遍翻譯, 而本書英文譯者的譯法有其所本, 宗喀巴大師認為月稱補充龍樹 中論, 讀者可再深入參閱 Tsong-kha-pa, Kensur Lekden, and Jeffrey Hopkins, Compassion in Tibetan Buddhism (London: Rider, 1980; reprint, Ithaca, N.Y.: Snow Lion, 1980), 藏文將梵文 avatāra 一詞譯作 jug pa, 有許多詞意, 包括 附加 增添, 茲簡述已故下密院卸任住持昂望雷登開示如下 : Avatāra 解作 補充, 年代相隔之故, 為使龍樹 中論 論義明晰, 補義有其必要 月稱有意表明, 中論 不宜由唯識或清辨所立中觀自續 (dbu ma rang rgyud pa, svatantrikamādhyamika) 的觀點加以解釋 龍樹菩薩住世時期, 清辨尚未著作 中論 注疏, 自續派亦未建立, 因此, 後世有其必要為龍樹 中論 補義, 以顯之前詮釋不當之處 此外, 據說月稱有意證明信從龍樹就應該修廣大行以圓滿十地, 此乃因為中觀遭人誤解為斷見, 中觀主張諸法存在無自性, 然而某些人士卻認為中觀否定諸法一般的存在, 進而妄下結論, 認為中觀主張不需要修大悲心等廣大行 因此, 月稱菩薩為了彰顯 大悲心 無二智 菩提心 等三項修行與菩薩十地圓滿的重要性, 依據龍樹所著的 寶鬘論, 著作了補義 請參閱 Jeffrey Hopkins, Nāgārjuna s Precious Garland: Buddhist Advice for Living and Liberation (Ithaca, New York: Snow Lion, 1998) 藏文 jug pa 一詞解為 補充 ( supplement ) 與藏文 rtags jug 音勢論 或譯 性入法 (liṅgāvaṃtāra [Sarat Chandra Das, A Tibetan-English Dictionary (Calcutta: 1902; reprint, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1969, 1970; compact reprint, Kyoto, Japan: Rinsen Book Company, 1981), 535]) 相符, rtags jug 字面意思為 性別加字 ( the affixing of gender ), 音勢論 說明藏文字的拼寫規範, 藏文字母在音節中的不同位置各有其字性, 不同字母組合成一音節時, 必須符合字性的組合規則 一個藏文字當中, 各個字母文法性別有異, 如何組合安放在不同位置 如此解釋或許也符合 Vaman Shivaram Apte, Sanskrit-English Dictionary (Poona, India: Prasad Prakashan, 1957), 163, 所列的第五項詞意 新面貌 增長 增加, 雖然梵文中並不常見 當然, 這類補義也可作為龍樹 中論 的導引或入門

13 序言 11 下一部大論典是世親所著 俱舍論 a, 說明有漏法的種類 體性及其成因, 亦說明能為對治的無漏淨法, 以及對治所成還滅狀態, 課程長達兩年 最後一部大論典是功德光的 律經 b, 而後學僧開始複習歷年所學, 也為年度辯經大賽進行預賽 宗喀巴大師曾為彌勒 現觀莊嚴論 以及月稱 入中論 作注, 其兩位弟子賈曹傑與克主傑也為法稱 釋量論 作注 賈曹傑另作 現觀 的注疏, 據說反映出宗大師晚年更為成熟的論點 宗大師與兩位上首弟子的注疏是佛學院的教材, 另含其他西藏祖師著作, 如 : 欽蔣悲揚 c 第一世達賴喇嘛根敦珠巴 d 二者對世親 俱舍論 的注疏, 措那瓦 e 第一世達賴喇嘛對功德光 律經 的注疏 然而, 宗大師的著作並非各大僧院主要的教科書, 僧伽大學的基本架構劃分了不同的陣營, 藉以促進學識交流, 主要教科書實乃僧院著名學者為注疏所作的注疏, 透由淺顯的格式呈現上述的大論大疏, 針對其中難處予以剖析, 這些注疏稱之為 扎倉教科書 f, 是各大僧院學習重點, 在修學過程中地位舉足輕重 彌勒菩薩 現觀莊嚴論 注疏 蔣揚協巴昂望尊居 g 乃哲蚌寺果芒佛學院最後一位教科書作者, 他以辨析 h 的方式著作了五部大論的注疏, 又另為其中的 現觀莊嚴論辨析 : 般若波羅蜜多全意顯明寶燈 i 撰寫了先修教 a chos mngon pa i mdzod, abhidharmakośa. b dul ba i mdo, vinayasūtra; Peking 5619, vol c mchims jam pa i dbyangs. d dge dun grub; , 索南嘉措受人尊稱 達賴喇嘛 後, 開始回溯其前世 再前世的根敦珠巴為第一世達賴喇嘛, 中文譯註: 又稱僧成大師 e mtsho sna ba shes rab bzang po, 生於十三世紀 f yig cha. g jam dbyangs bzhad pa ngag dbang brtson grus, h mtha' dpyod. i bstan gcos mngon par rtogs pa'i rgyan gyi mtha' dpyod shes rab kyi pha rol tu

14 12 序言 材作為入門引導, 亦即本書原文, 名為 善說八事七十義 : 阿逸多上師口訣, 利於學生學習 分析彌勒菩薩所著 現觀莊嚴論, 此大論典重心乃是八事 七十義, 而本書一一說明其定義 分類與界限 現觀莊嚴論 的偈頌通常文字隱晦, 而蔣揚協巴所作之教科書, 以本書為例, 則有助於讀者先掌握梗概, 進而可以比較輕易地探索 現觀 盤根錯節的結構 釋迦牟尼佛住世八十一年, 轉法輪四十五年, 般若波羅蜜多經 乃是大乘所有宗派公認經中最勝 a, 般若波羅蜜多經 在顯義方面, 教授諸法無自性 空性之理, 此外, 隱義方面則教授無上菩提 一切相智 b 修證的道路 據說 般若波羅蜜多經 並非顯明或暗示道的結構, 而以隱晦方式開示, 因為證成空性的理路只成立 無 無遮 並非成立法, 甚至也不是 非遮, 因此通達空性的覺知僅僅遮遣所破, 因此, 般若波羅蜜多經 並非顯明地開示道之架構, 亦非暗示, 而是隱晦教授 在許多方面, 彌勒所著 現觀莊嚴論 的偈頌描述著修道架構, 如同索引的縮語 甚至是密語, 無怪乎會衍生出著名的二十一本梵文注疏 : c 表 1: 彌勒 現觀莊嚴論 二十一本注疏 I. 結合 現觀莊嚴論 與某部 般若波羅蜜多經 A. 二萬 五千 頌般若波羅蜜多經 phyin pa'i don kun gsal ba'i rin chen sgron me. a mdo sde kun kyi mchog. b rnam mkhyen, sarvākārajñatā. c 注疏書名等資訊請參閱參考書目, 正文中的列表根據宗大師 金鬘疏 的闡釋 ; 請參閱 Tsong kha pa, Detailed Explanation of the Ornament and Brief Called Golden Garland of Eloquence, trans. Gareth Sparham (Fremont, CA: Jain Publishing Company, 2008), vol. 1, 之後的附註當中會提到宗大師對其中三本作者身分的質疑 另有內容相同但編排不同的列表, 請參閱 Karl Brunnhölzl, Gone Beyond: The Prajñāpāramitā Sūtras, The Ornament of Clear Realization, and its Commentaries in the Tibetan Kagyü tradition, The Tsadra Foundation series, vol. 1 (Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications, 2011),

15 序言 聖解脫軍 Āryavimuktisena ( phags pa grol sde, ca. 6 th century C.E.). 二萬頌光明釋 將 二萬頌 分為八品, 使其與 現觀莊嚴論 的八品相互對應 2. 尊者解脫軍 Bhadanta Vimuktasena (btsun pa grol sde). 二萬頌釋 3. 獅子賢 Haribhadra (seng ge bzang po, ca. 8 th century C.E.). 二萬頌八品釋 4. 寶作寂 Ratnākarashānti (rin chen 'byung gnas zhi ba). 二萬頌具足清淨釋 B. 十萬頌般若波羅蜜多經 5. 法吉祥 Dharmashrī. a 十萬頌般若波羅蜜多經釋 C. 八千頌般若波羅蜜多經 6. 獅子賢 Haribhadra. 八千頌般若波羅蜜多經釋: 現觀莊嚴論 之光明 7. 寶作寂 Ratnākarashānti. 八千般若廣釋最勝心要 8. 無畏作護 Abhayākaragupta ('jigs med 'byung gnas sbas pa). 八千般若要鍵月光釋 D. 般若波羅蜜多攝頌 9. 獅子賢 Haribhadra. 難處釋易解 10. 覺吉祥智 Buddhashrījñāna. 攝頌難處釋 11. 法吉祥 Dharmashrī. 般若藏鑰 E. 十萬頌 二萬五千頌 八千頌般若波羅蜜多經 12. 念智稱 b 十萬 二萬 八千般若三本八事 c 同顯論 II. 未結合 現觀莊嚴論 與 般若波羅蜜多經 13. 獅子賢 Haribhadra. 現觀莊嚴論明義釋 A. 獅子賢所著 明義釋 另有兩部注疏 14. 法友 (chos kyi bshes gnyen). 善明詞義疏 a 宗喀巴提出證據證明, 此論實際上並非喀什米爾的法吉祥之作, 亦非源自印度, 因為其中內容取材西藏, 他因此認定 (Sparham, op. cit., 13) 此論與 般若藏鑰 第十一項書目 雖多指為法吉祥所著, 余私以為彼等二論應為譯師或其他藏人所作 b 宗喀巴對於念智稱是否實為作者有所存疑,(Sparham, op. cit., 13) 以八現觀而言三部般若經皆同 此一教授相當薄弱, 對應 般若經 有其訛誤, [11] 因此, 是否為大班智達念智稱所著仍須深究 c 八指八現觀, 亦即八事

16 14 序言 15. 金洲法稱 Dharmakīrtishrī (chos kyi grags pa dpal, or gser gling pa). 顯明難解疏 B. 三部攝義獅子賢所著 明義釋 之攝義 16. 智作慧 Prajñākaramati (shes rab 'byung gnas blo gros, ). 現觀論釋攝義 兩部彌勒 現觀莊嚴論 攝義 17. 阿底峽 a (dīpaṃkaraśrījñāna, mar me mdzad ye shes, ). 般若波羅蜜多攝義燈 18. 童吉祥 Kumārashrībhadra (bkra shis rgyal mtshan). 攝義 C. 獅子賢所著 明義釋 其他兩部論釋 19. 寶稱 Ratnakīrti. 名稱分釋 20. 覺吉祥智 Buddhashrījñāna. 現觀莊嚴論般若燈鬘釋 D. 論作 21. 無畏作護 Abhayākaragupta. 牟尼密意莊嚴, 佛語略釋, 其後三章主要講授彌勒 現觀論 當中的主題 在以上二十一部注疏當中, 蔣揚協巴主要參考聖解脫軍與獅子賢兩位的著作, 而在西藏祖師的著作當中, 其主要依歸則為宗喀巴大師洛桑扎巴所著 般若波羅蜜多要訣現觀莊嚴論具釋大疏 妙解金鬘 金鬘疏 b 及其弟子賈曹達瑪仁欽 c 所著 現觀莊嚴論 疏 : 心要莊嚴 心要莊嚴疏 d, 從而針對八事及其子科七十義敘明簡要的定義, 並且更進一步分類, 因此, 以本書作為教科書, 在研習過程中, 實能幫助學者在心中建立彌勒 現觀莊嚴論 的架構圖 提供學習指南 a 宗喀巴亦懷疑阿底峽是否真為此論作者 (Sparham, op. cit., 13), 號稱阿底峽所著 般若波羅蜜多攝義燈 亦為薄弱, 其中眾多論述源於藏人, 是故私以為此乃阿底峽弟子或其他藏人所作 b legs bshad gser phreng / shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa i man ngag gi bstan bcos mngon par rtogs pa i rgyan grel pa dang bcas pa i rgya cher bshad pa legs bshad gser gyi phreng ba. c rgyal tshab dar ma rin chen, d rnam bshad snying po rgyan/ shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa'i man ngag gi bstan bcos mngon par rtogs pa'i rgyan gyi 'grel pa don gsal ba'i rnam bshad snying po'i rgyan.

17 序言 15 如同前述, 彌勒 現觀莊嚴論 影響了 道次第 系列論著, 此外, 亦強烈影響了 地道 教科書, 包括果芒佛學院作者貢卻亟美汪波 a 所著 地道論三乘莊嚴 b 以及蔣揚協巴與貢卻亟美汪波的宗義著作 然而, 就入道修行的歷程而言, 彌勒所著 現觀莊嚴論 其中的八事七十義與眾多衍義枝葉, 描述得極其細緻深入 旁徵博引, 道次第 地道 宗義 等三者皆無法與之相提並論, 是故, 此書譯本於焉開展 八事七十義 蔣揚協巴於八事中前五事, 提列七十義中之前四十九義為能表該事之法, 後二十一義則於剩餘三事之中羅列分類 能表一切相智十法 : c 1. 大乘發心 (theg chen sems bskyed, bodhicittotpādaḥ) d 2. 教授 (gdams ngag, avavādaḥ) a dkon mchog jigs med dbang po, b sa lam gyi rnam bzhag theg gsum mdzes rgyan, Collected Works of dkonmchog- jigs-med-dbaṅ-po, vol. 7 (New Delhi: Ngawang Gelek Demo, 1972). 英文譯本可參閱 Elizabeth Napper, Kön-chog-jig-may-wang-po s Presentation of the Grounds and Paths: Beautiful Ornament of the Three Vehicles, With Commentary by Dan-ma-lo-chö, UMA Institute for Tibetan Studies, 2013; 可在以下網址免費下載 : c 第一事為一切相智 ; 一切相智有十法可做為特徵 定義 識別, 一般而言, 透過定義即可理解 被定義項 所定義的對象 定義促成理解, 也敘述特徵 解釋說明 引介認識 同理, 因能做果的特徵, 透露果的線索 此外, 意識的對境可以幫助我們理解了知該對境的意識, 從而做為該意識的特徵, 幫助我們理解該意識 如同昂望班登在 詞意 ( 中文書名為暫譯, 英文譯本 Meaning of the Words, 4b.7) 中所言, 此處的表徵有兩層意涵, 其一是由因表果, 其二是由境而表徵有境 ( 亦即意識 ) 由此可知, 此處的表徵並非一般定義中的表徵方式, 譬如 濕而能潤 ( 水的定義 ) 能定義水 能代表水 的確, 這十法能幫助我們了解一切相智, 因為修習此等十法方能成就一切相智 此外, 一切相智乃究竟智慧, 能現觀此等十法所含攝的一切大乘因果, 而由此十項對境我們得以認識證悟此等十者的主體 由此, 一切相智可以視為此等十法的 被定義項 所表徵者, 即使有別於一般 定義 與 被定義項 的關係, 所以此等十法可以視為一切相智的定義 能表 d 以下引用的藏文與梵文, 藏文依據蔣揚協巴著作, 梵文則依據 Obermiller, Analysis of the Abhisamayālaṃkāra, 是故, 詞彙並非完全對應

18 16 序言 3. 抉擇分 (nges byed yan lag, nirvedhāṅgaḥ) 4. 大乘正行所依 自性住種姓 (theg chen sgrub pa i rten rang bzhin gnas rigs, pratipatterādhāraḥ prakṛtisthaṃ gotram) 大乘正行所緣 (theg chen sgrub pa i dmigs pa, pratipatterālambanam) 6. 大乘正行所為 (theg chen sgrub pa i ched du bya ba, pratipatterūddeśaḥ) 7. 披甲正行 (go sgrub, saṃnāhapratipattiḥ) 8. 趣入正行 ( jug sgrub, prasthānapratipattiḥ) 9. 資糧正行 (tshogs sgrub, saṃbhārapratipattiḥ) 10. 出生正行 (nges byung sgrub pa, niryāṇapratipattiḥ) 能表道智十一法 : 11. 道智支分 (lam shes kyi yan lag, mārgajñatāṅgāni) 12. 了知弟子聲聞道之道智 (slob ma nyan thos kyi lam shes pa i lam shes, śrāvakamārgajñānamayī mārgajñatā) 13. 了知麟喻獨覺道之道智 (bse ru rang rgyal gyi lam shes pa i lam shes, pratyekajinamārgajñānamayī mārgajñātā) 14. 於今生後世有大勝利之大乘見道 ( di phyir phan yon che ba i theg chen mthong lam, mahānuśaṃso mahāyānadarśanamārgaḥ) 15. 大乘 修道之作用 (sgom lam gyi byed pa, bhāvanāmārgasya kāritraṃ) 16. 大乘 勝解修道 (mos pa i sgom lam, adhimuktalakṣaṇo bhāvanāmārgaḥ) 17. 讚事稱揚 大乘勝解修道 勝利 (de i phan yon bstod bkur bsngags gsum, stutistomapraśaṃsāḥ) 18. 大乘 向修道(bsngo ba sgom lam, pariṇāmanālakṣaṇo bhāvanāmārgaḥ) 19. 大乘 隨喜修道 (rjes su yi rang sgom lam, anumodalakṣaṇo bhāvanāmārgaḥ) 20. 大乘 引發修道 (sgrub pa sgom lam, abhinirhārasvabhāvo bhāvanāmārgaḥ) 21. 大乘 清淨修道 (rnam dag sgom lam, atyantaviśuddhisvabhāvo bhāvanāmārgaḥ). 能表基智九法 : 22. 智不住諸有之基智 (shes pas srid la mi gnas pa i gzhi shes, prajñayā bhavāpratiṣṭhitaṃ vastujñānaṃ)

19 序言 悲不住寂滅之道智 (snying rjes zhi la mi gnas pa i lam shes, kṛpayā śamāpratiṣṭhā mārgajñatā) 24. 遠離果佛母之基智 ( bras yum la ring ba i gzhi shes, phalamūtamāturdūrībhūtaṃ vastujñānam) 25. 接近果佛母之基智 ( bras yum la nye ba i gzhi shes, phalamūtamāturāsannıbhūtaṃ vastujñānam) 26. 相執所縛異品之基智 (mtshan dzin gyis bcings pa i mi mthun phyogs kyi gzhi shes, nimittagrahaṇabaddhaṃ vipakṣamūtaṃ vastujñānam) 27. 相執對治所攝持對治品之基智 (mtshan dzin gyi gnyen pos zin pa i gnyen po phyogs kyi gzhi shes, nimittagrahaṇapratipakṣaparigṛhītaṃ pratipakṣabhūtam vastujñānam) 28. 基智加行 (gzhi shes sbyor ba, vastujñānaprayogaḥ) 29. 基智 加行所執平等性 (sbyor ba i dzin stangs mnyam pa nyid, prayogasya samatā) 30. 見道 (mthong lam, darśanamārgaḥ). 能表圓滿一切相加行十一法 : 31. 行相 (rnam pa, ākārāḥ) 32. 加行 (sbyor ba, prayoga) 33. 加行 功德 (yon tan, guṇaḥ) 34. 加行之過失 defects of trainings (sbyor ba i skyon, prayogadoṣāḥ) 35. 加行 性相 characteristics [of trainings] (mtshan nyid, lakṣāṇi) 36. 順解脫分 (thar pa cha dang mthun pa, mokṣabhāgīyaṃ) 37. 順抉擇分 (nges byed cha mthun pa, nirvedhabhāgīyaṃ) 38. 有學不退眾 a (slob pa phyir mi ldog pa i dge dun, śaikṣo vaivartiko bodhisattvagaṇaḥ) 39. 有寂平等之加行 (srid zhi mnyam nyid kyi sbyor ba, bhavaśāntisamatābhāvanāprayogaḥ) 40. 嚴淨佛土加行 training of a pure land (zhing dag sbyor ba, buddhakṣetrapariśuddhiprayogaḥ) 41. 方便善巧加行 training in skill in means (thabs mkhas sbyor ba, upāyakauśalaprayogaḥ) 能表至頂加行八法 : a 僧 眾, 藏文 dge dun 一詞, 字面解釋為 求善者

20 18 序言 42. 煖頂加行 (drod rtse sbyor, ūṣmamūrdhaprayogaḥ) 43. 頂頂加行 (rtse mo i rtse sbyor, mūrdhamūrdhaprayogaḥ) 44. 忍頂加行 (bzod pa i rtse sbyor, kṣāntimūrdhaprayogaḥ) 45. 世第一法頂加行 (chos mchog gi rtse sbyor, agradharmatāmūrdhaprayogaḥ) 46. 見道頂加行 (mthong lam rtse sbyor, darśanamārgamūrdhaprayogaḥ) 47. 修道頂加行 (sgom lam rtse sbyor, bhāvanāmārgamūrdhaprayogaḥ) 48. 無間道頂加行 (bar cad med ba i rtse sbyor, anantaramūrdhaprayogaḥ) 49. 應斷邪行 (bsal bya log sgrub, apaneyavipratipattiḥ). 漸次加行若予區分, 有十三項 : 50. 布施波羅蜜多 51. 持戒波羅蜜多 52. 忍辱波羅蜜多 53. 精進波羅蜜多 54. 靜慮波羅蜜多 55. 般若波羅蜜多 56. 佛隨念 57. 法隨念 58. 僧隨念 59. 戒隨念 60. 施隨念 61. 天隨念 62. 證無體性 剎那加行若予區分, 有四項加行體性一 反體異 : 63. 非異熟剎那加行 64. 異熟剎那加行 65. 無相剎那加行 66. 無二剎那加行 法身若予區分, 有四 : 67. 體性身 (ngo bo nyid sku, svabhāvikakāya) 68. 聖智法身 (ye shes chos sku, jñānadharmakāya)

21 69. 受用身 (longs sku, sāṃbhogakāya) 70. 化身 (sprul sku, nirmāṇakāya). 以上列表再整理成以下較為正式的科判 序言 19 八事七十義 能表三智三十法 Chapter I. The ten phenomena characterizing Exalted-knowers-of-all-aspects ( མ མཁ ན ) 1 st Topic 1. Great Vehicle Mind-generations (ས མས བ ད ) 2 nd Topic 2. Guidance (གདམས ངག ) 3 rd Topic 3. Limbs of Definite Discrimination (ང ས འ ད ཡན ལག ) 4 th Topic 4. Naturally Abiding Lineage, the Support of Great Vehicle Achievings (ཐ ག ཆ ན བ པའ ན རང བཞ ན གནས ར གས ) 5 th Topic 5. Objects of Observation of Great Vehicle Achievings (ཐ ག ཆ ན བ པའ དམ གས པ ) 6 th Topic

22 20 序言 6. Objects of Intent of Great Vehicle Achievings (ཐ ག ཆ ན བ པའ ཆ ད བ ) 7 th Topic 7. Achievings through Armor (ག བ ) 8 th Topic 8. Achievings through Engagement (འ ག བ ) 9 th Topic 9. Achievings through Collections (ཚ གས བ ) 10 th Topic 10. Definitely Issuative Achievings (ང ས འ ང བ པ ) Chapter II. The eleven phenomena characterizing Knowers of paths (ལམ ཤ ས ) 11 th Topic 1. Limbs of Knowers of Paths (ལམ ཤ ས ཀ ཡན ལག ) 12 th Topic 2. Knowers of Paths that Know Hearer Paths (ཉན ཐ ས ཀ ལམ ཤ ས པའ ལམ ཤ ས ) 13 th Topic 3. Knowers of Paths that Know Solitary Victor Paths (རང ལ ག ལམ ཤ ས པའ ལམ ཤ ས ) 14 th Topic 4. Great Vehicle Paths of Seeing, Greatly Beneficial in This and Future Lives (འད ར ཕན ཡ ན ཆ བའ ཐ ག ཆ ན མཐ ང ལམ ) 15 th Topic

23 序言 Functions of a [Great Vehicle] Path of Meditation ( མ ལམ ག ད པ ) 6. Paths of Meditation 16 th Topic Paths of Meditation of Belief (མ ས པ མ ལམ ) 17 th Topic 7. Praise, Extolling, and Lauding of the Benefits of That [Path of Meditation of Belief] (ད འ ཕན ཡ ན བ ད བཀ ར བ གས ག མ ) 18 th Topic 8. Paths of Meditation of Dedication (བ བ མ ལམ ) 19 th Topic 9. Paths of Meditation of Admiration ( ས ཡ རང མ ལམ ) 20 th Topic 10. Paths of Meditation of Achieving ( བ པ མ ལམ ) 21 st Topic 11. Paths of Meditation of Complete Purity ( མ དག མ ལམ ) Chapter III. The nine phenomena characterizing Knowers of bases (གཞ ཤ ས ) 22 nd Topic 1. Knowers of Bases Not Abiding in the Extreme of Mundane Existence due to Knowledge (ཤ ས པས ད ལ མ གནས པའ གཞ ཤ ས )

24 22 序言 23 nd Topic [2. Knowers of Paths Not Abiding in the Extreme of Peace due to Compassion ( ང ས ཞ ལ མ གནས པའ ལམ ཤ ས )] 24 rd Topic 3. Knowers of Bases Distant from the Fruit Mother (འ ས མ ལ ར ང བའ གཞ ཤ ས ) 25 th Topic 4. Knowers of Bases Close to the Fruit Mother (འ ས མ ལ ཉ བའ གཞ ཤ ས ) 26 th Topic 5. Knowers of Bases Classed as Discordant (མ མ ན གས ཀ གཞ ཤ ས ) 27 th Topic 6. Knowers of Bases Classed as Antidotes (གཉ ན པ གས ཀ གཞ ཤ ས ) 28 th Topic 7. Trainings in Knowers of Bases (གཞ ཤ ས ར བ ) 29 th Topic 8. Equalities in the Modes of Apprehension of Trainings [in Knowers of Bases] ( ར བ ད འ འཛ ན ངས མཉམ ཉ ད ) 30 th Topic 9. Paths of Seeing (མཐ ང ལམ )

25 序言 23 THE THIRTY-SIX PHENOMENA CHARACTERIZING THE FOUR TRAININGS Chapter IV. The eleven phenomena characterizing Complete trainings in all aspects ( མ གས ར བ ) 31 st Topic 1. Aspects ( མ པ ) 32 nd Topic 2. Trainings ( ར བ ) 33 rd Topic 3. Qualities of Trainings ( ར བའ ཡ ན ཏན ) 34 th Topic 4. Defects of Trainings ( ར བའ ན ) 35 th Topic 5. Characteristics of Trainings ( ར བའ མཚན ཉ ད ) 36 th Topic 6. Concordances with a Portion of Liberation (ཐར པ ཆ མ ན ) 37 th Topic 7. Concordances with a Portion of Definite Discrimination (ང ས འ ད ཆ མ ན ) 38 th Topic 8. Irreversible Community Members ( ར མ ག པའ དག འ ན ) 39 th Topic

26 24 序言 9. Trainings in the Equality of Mundane Existence and Peace ( ད ཞ མཉམ ཉ ད ཀ ར བ ) 40 th Topic 10. Trainings in a Pure Land (ཞ ང དག ར བ ) 41 th Topic 11. Trainings in Skill in Means (ཐབས མཁས ར བ ) Chapter V. The eight phenomena characterizing Peak trainings ( ར ) 42 nd Topic 1. Heat Peak Trainings ( ད ར ) 43 rd Topic 2. Peak Peak Trainings ( མ འ ར ) 44 th Topic 3. Forbearance Peak Trainings (བཟ ད པའ ར ) 45 th Topic 4. Supreme Mundane Qualities Peak Trainings (ཆ ས མཆ ག ག ར ) 46 th Topic 5. Path-of-Seeing Peak Trainings (མཐ ང ལམ ར ) 47 th Topic 6. Path-of-Meditation Peak Trainings ( མ ལམ ར ) 48 th Topic 7. Uninterrupted Peak Trainings (བར ཆད མ ད པའ ར ) 49 th Topic

27 序言 Wrong Achievings to be Avoided (བསལ ལ ག བ ) Chapter VI. The thirteen phenomena characterizing Serial trainings (མཐར ག ས ར བ ) 50 th Topic 1. Perfection of Giving ( ན པའ ཕར ན ) 51 st Topic 2. Perfection of Ethics ( ལ ཁ མས ཀ ཕར ན ) 52 nd Topic 3. Perfection of Patience (བཟ ད པའ ཕར ན ) 53 rd Topic 4. Perfection of Effort (བ ན འ ས ཀ ཕར ན ) 54 th Topic 5. Perfection of Concentration (བསམ གཏན ག ཕར ན ) 55 th Topic 6. Perfection of Wisdom (ཤ ས རབ ཀ ཕར ན ) 56 th Topic 7. Recollection of the Buddha Jewel (སངས ས དཀ ན མཆ ག ས ན པ ) 57 th Topic 8. Recollection of the Doctrine Jewel (ཆ ས དཀ ན མཆ ག ས ན པ ) 58 th Topic 9. Recollection of the Spiritual Community Jewel (དག བ ན དཀ ན མཆ ག ས ན པ )

28 26 序言 59 th Topic 10. Recollection of ethics ( ལ ཁ མས ས ན པ ) [illustrating reversal from the unfavorable class] 60 th Topic 11. Recollection of generosity (གཏ ང བ ས ན པ ) [illustrating engagement in virtue] 61 st Topic 12. Recollection of deities [endowed with the eye of pristine wisdom] and gurus ( མ ས ན པ ) [as judges of whether virtues or nonvirtues are performed] 62 nd Topic 13. Realizing the naturelessness (ང བ ཉ ད མ ད པ གས པ ) [of all those twelve] Chapter VII. The four phenomena characterizing Momentary trainings ( ད ཅ ག མའ ར བ ) 63 rd Topic 1. Nonfruitional Momentary Trainings ( མ པར ན པ མ ཡ ན པའ ད ཅ ག མའ ར བ ) 64 th Topic 2. Fruitional Momentary Trainings ( མ པར ན པའ ད ཅ ག མའ ར བ ) 65 th Topic 3. Characterless Momentary Trainings (མཚན ཉ ད མ ད པའ ད ཅ ག མའ ར བ )

29 序言 th Topic 4. Nondual Momentary Trainings (གཉ ས མ ད པའ ད ཅ ག མའ ར བ ) CHAPTER VIII. THE FOUR PHENOMENA CHARACTERIZING BODIES OF ATTRIBUTES (ཆ ས ) 67 th Topic 1. Nature Bodies (ང བ ཉ ད ) 68 th Topic 2. Pristine Wisdom Bodies of Attributes (ཡ ཤ ས ཆ ས ) 69 th Topic 3. Complete Enjoyment Bodies (ལ ངས ) 70 th Topic 4. Emanation Bodies ( ལ ) Buddha Activities (སངས ས ཀ འ ན ལས ) 阿逸多上師口訣 作者 本論作者蔣揚協巴 昂望尊居 a, 西元 1648 年誕生於西藏安多青海湖以東, 叔父出家為僧, 尊者經他教導七歲能識藏文字母, 讀寫無礙, 六年後受沙彌戒 二十一歲負笈前往拉薩, 於哲蚌寺果芒佛學院進修經論, 六年後受比丘戒, 二十九歲入拉薩下密院, 三十三歲 a 此一略傳取自 Hopkins, Maps of the Profound 深奧地圖, 14-15, 詳傳請參閱 Derek F. Maher, Knowledge and Authority in Tibetan Middle Way Schools of Buddhism: A Study of the Gelukba (dge lugs pa) Epistemology of Jamyang Shayba ('jam dbyangs bzhad pa) In Its Historical Context 中文暫譯 西藏佛教中觀派知識與權威 : 在歷史脈絡中蔣揚協巴的格魯知識論研究 (Ph.D. diss., University of Virginia, 2003),

30 28 序言 在哲蚌寺近郊石窟中閉關修行兩年, 而根據昂望雷登 a 的說法, 尊者或許於此期間親見文殊菩薩含笑聖顏, 由此因緣得名 妙音笑 蔣揚協巴 尊者五十三歲受命擔任果芒佛學院住持,1710 年六十二歲返回安多建立拉卜楞寺 b, 七年後, 再增設密宗院, 大師著作等身, 舉凡藏傳佛法重大學科皆有相關著述, 大師名聞遐邇, 備受西藏官署 滿清皇帝禮敬推崇,1721/2 年圓寂, 享年七十三 / 四歲 蔣揚協巴對格魯影響相當深遠, 部分是因為當時裏海 西伯利亞一帶的蒙古人與果芒佛學院關係緊密, 多數信從格魯教派 大師一生如同眾多典型的西藏祖師, 夙慧早發 博學多聞 持教弘法 參與政務 教化顯貴 著作等身, 是寺院堪布 瑜伽士 幻士, 亦是受人擁戴的經教師 蔣揚協巴對格魯影響相當深遠, 部分是因為當時裏海 西伯利亞一帶的蒙古人多數信從格魯教派, 而他們與果芒佛學院關係相當緊密 如同西藏其他眾多典型的祖師大德, 大師一生夙慧早發 博學多聞 持教弘法 參與政務 教化顯貴 著作等身, 是寺院堪布 瑜伽士 幻士, 亦是受人擁戴的經教師 本書編排方式 為方便通曉藏文讀者, 中文譯文告一段落之後, 都會附上蔣揚協巴藏文原文, 以較大字體收錄 本書除了收錄蔣揚協巴 七十義 內文翻譯, 另以登馬洛確仁波切口頭註釋為研讀輔助, 係為西元 1978 年春季, 仁波切受邀在美國維吉尼亞大學所傳授, 雖非逐句解釋, 提供的背景知識與重點延伸卻相當寶貴 仁波切是哲蚌寺洛色林學院畢業的格西, 曾任尊勝佛學院堪布, 亦為 措千祖古 c 如欲參考仁波切傳記, 可以參考以下連結 : 本書補充解說的主要參考書籍包括 : 貢唐 洛卓嘉措 (gung thang blo gros rgya mtsho, /1930), 明義釋 注疏: 解脫除闇 d 哲蚌寺果芒佛學院 a mkhan zur ngag dbang legs ldan, ; 拉薩下密院堪蘇 果芒佛學院格西, 生於西藏中 西部交界雅德 (g.yag sde), 劃入衛藏 (gtsang), 另有一位蒙古籍的昂望雷登 b bkra shis khyil. c tshogs chen sprul sku. d mngon rtogs rgyan gyi 'grel chung don gsal ba'i mchan 'grel kun bzang zhing gi nyi ma thar 'dod mun sel, TBRC W00EGS , which is a PDF of: Lhasa (?): dge ldan legs bshad gsung rab 'grem spel khang, 2006.

31 序言 29 賈曹達瑪仁欽 (rgyal tshab dar ma rin chen, ), 心要莊嚴疏 a 宗喀巴大師的弟子, 是大師圓寂後首位甘丹法座繼位者 貢卻亟美汪波 (dkon mchog jigs med dbang po, ), 八事七十義建立攝義 b 蔣揚協巴 轉世再來, 哲蚌寺果芒佛學院 洛桑卻吉堅贊, 第四世班禪喇嘛 (blo bzang chos kyi rgyal mtshan, 1567/ ), 般若波羅蜜多要訣現觀莊嚴論 心要之要善說海 第一品釋義 c 透由師承, 即可更了解班禪大師學修的脈絡, 比方說, 大師在扎什倫布寺的聞思洲佛學院 (thos bsam gling grwa tshang) 學習, 師承班久嘉措 (dpal 'byor rgya mtsho) 隆多昂望洛桑 (klong rdol ngag dbang blo bzang, ), 般若經名相 d 色拉傑佛學院 昂望班登 (ngag dbang dpal ldan, b. 1797), 又名班登卻傑 (dpal ldan chos rje), 現觀莊嚴論 詞意解 : 慈尊言教 e 哲蚌寺果芒佛學院 ( 亦稍可說為哲蚌寺洛色林佛學院 ) 策秋林 耶喜傑千 (tshe mchog gling ye shes rgyal mtshan, ), 般若八千頌 與 現觀莊嚴論 對應 宗喀巴之 菩提道次第 要義明示口訣 : 般若明燈 f 哲蚌寺果芒佛學院 a rnam bshad snying po rgyan/ shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa'i man ngag gi bstan bcos mngon par rtogs pa'i rgyan gyi 'grel pa don gsal ba'i rnam bshad snying po'i rgyan, (Sarnath: Gelugpa Student's Welfare Committee, 1980). b dngos brgyad don bdun cu i rnam bzhag bsdus pa, Collected Works, vol. 6 (New Delhi: Ngawang Gelek Demo, 1972). c shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa i man ngag gi bstan bcos mngon par rtogs pa i rgyan gyi snying po i snying po gsal bar legs par bshad pa i rgya mtsho las skabs dang po i rnam par bshad pa, Collected Works, vol. 4 (New Delhi: Gurudeva, 1973). d phar phyin las byung ba i ming gi rnam grangs, Collected Works, Śata-Piṭaka Series, vol. 100 (New Delhi: International Academy of Indian Culture, 1973). e bstan bcos mngon rtogs rgyan tshig don gyi sgo nas bshad pa byams mgon zhal lung, (TBRC W : f sher phyin stong phrag brgyad pa dang mngon rtogs rgyan sbyar te byang chub lam gyi rim pa i gnad rnams gsal bar ston pa i man ngag sher phyin gsal ba i sgron me), Collected Works, vol. 7 (New Delhi: Tibet House, 1975).

32 30 序言 本書編輯的最後一年獲得果芒佛學院洛桑傑千格西 2016 年起升任院長, 學院位於印度卡那達卡邦孟古 (Mundgod, Karnataka State); 亦曾擔任印度洪蘇爾 (Hunsur) 下密院糾察師 鼎力相助 提供諮詢建議 此一英譯本係為蔣揚協巴 善說八事七十義 : 阿逸多上師口訣 乃為第一本外文完整譯本 Eugène Obermiller 所著 Analysis of the Abhisamayālaṃkāra a 一書中有前四品一部分的英文翻譯, 該本著作相當卓越, 其中結合梵文與藏文的注疏, 以相當創新 豐富的方式呈現了彌勒 現觀莊嚴論 前四品的論述, 可惜 Obermiller 壯志未酬, 並未完整呈現整部論典 英文譯本開頭的詳細目次, 應可方便讀者查閱 Eugène Obermiller 上述著作以及以下著作當中相關的章節 : Theodore Stcherbatsky and Eugène Obermiller, Abhisamayālaṅkāra- Prajñāpāramitā-Upadeśa-śāstra: The Work of Bodhisattva Maitreya Edward Conze, The Perfection of Wisdom in Eight Thousand Lines & Its Verse Summary and The Large Sūtra on Perfect Wisdom, with the Divisions of the Abhisamayālaṅkāra Kōei Amano, A study on the Abhisamaya-alaṃkāra-kārikā-śāstra-vṛtti Gareth Sparham, Abhisamayālaṃkāra with [Āryavimuktisena s] Vṛtti and [Haribhadra s] Ālokā and Detailed Explanation of the Ornament and Brief Called Golden Garland of Eloquence by Tsong kha pa Karl Brunnhölzl, Gone Beyond: The Prajñāpāramitā Sūtras, The Ornament of Clear Realization, and its Commentaries in the Tibetan Kagyü tradition and Groundless Paths: The Prajñāpāramitā Sūtras, The Ornament of Clear Realization, and Its Commentaries in the Tibetan Nyingma Tradition. 此外, 蔣揚協巴並未引用彌勒 現觀莊嚴論 前兩首偈頌, 因此, 本書收錄第四世班禪喇嘛洛桑卻吉堅贊的註解做為簡要的引言 彌勒 現觀莊嚴論 共有八品 八事 及頭尾的序攝二品, 七十義的命名 編號係皆遵從蔣揚協巴原著, 藏文本中前五品列出諸義為各事能表諸法, 後三品諸義則為各事更進一步的分類 哲蚌寺果芒佛學院的策秋林 耶喜傑千與色拉傑佛學院的隆多 昂望洛桑兩人前述著作中, 皆有明確的編號, 從而確認了從第一到七十義的編號, 諸義編號在目錄中以及蔣揚協巴與昂望班登二人著作的譯文中都會出現, 本書也另外記錄了各品與偈頌的編號 a Eugène Obermiller, Analysis of the Abhisamayālaṃkāra (Fasc. 1), Calcutta Oriental Series No. 27 (London: Luzac & Co., 1936; reprint: Fremont, CA: Asian Humanities Press, 2001).

33 版本參照 序言 31 本書詳細比對蔣揚協巴藏文原著的兩部基本版本 : don bdun cu'i mtha' spyod mi pham bla ma'i zhal lung gsal ba'i legs bshad blo gsal mgul rgyan. 1a-20a. 果芒佛學院出版, 日期不詳 檢索簡稱 : 1987 Go-mang Lhasa 1987 拉薩果芒, 該版本乃為 1987 年於西藏拉薩果芒佛學院取得, 故而如此命名 dngos po brgyad don bdun cu i rnam gzhag legs par bshad pa mi pham bla ma i zhal lung. In kun mkhyen 'jam dbyangs bzhad pa'i rdo rje mchog gi gsung 'bum, vol. 14. TBRC W : , 此為 bla brang bkra shis 'khyil: bla brang brka shis 'khyil dgon 之 PDF 檔, 出版日期不詳 檢索簡稱 : 2011 TBRC bla brang, 此為上述版本之修正版 除了以上述 bla brang brka shis 'khyil 的版本為主要依據, 另參考其他六個版本 : 1973 Ngawang Gelek bla brang = Collected Works of Jam-dbyaṅsbźad-pa i-rdo-rje, vol. 15. New Delhi, India: Ngawang Gelek Demo, Mundgod revision of Ngawang Gelek bla brang = Collected Works of Jam-dbyaṅs-bźad-pa i-rdo-rje, vol. 16. Mundgod, India: Gomang College, Mundgod = 'jam dbyangs bzhad pa and 'jigs med dbang po. don bdun cu'i mtha' dpyod mi pham bla ma'i zhal lung dang sa lam gyi rnam gzhag theg gsum mdzes rgyan grub mtha' rnam gzhag rin po che'i phreng ba bcas. Mundgod, India: Drepung Gomang Library, Tōyō Bunko CD-ROM: Tibetan texts of don bdun bcu of 'jam dbyangs bzhad pa and rigs lam 'phrul gyi lde mig of dkon mchog bstan pa'i sgron me. In the Toyo Bunko Database CD Release II. Tokyo, Japan: Tōyō Bunko, CD-ROM. (This edition is based on the 1999 Mundgod edition.) 2001 Kan su u = dngos po brgyad don bdun cu i rnam gzhag legs par bshad pa mi pham bla ma i zhal lung. In don bdun cu dang sa lam sogs nyer mkho'i skor phyogs bsgrigs: Kan su'u, China: kan su u mi rigs dpe skrun khang, Mundgod = dngos po brgyad don bdun cu i rnam gzhag legs par bshad pa mi pham bla ma i zhal lung. In don bdun cu dang sa lam sogs nyer mkho'i skor phyogs bsgrigs: Mundgod, India: Drepung Gomang

34 32 序言 Library, 兩個基本版本的關鍵對照, 可參考以下連結 :

35 第七品 說明能表剎那加行四法 彌勒 現觀莊嚴論,I.4bc 略示 剎那證菩提 已, 為廣示剎那加行, 故云 VII.1-5 : {VII.1} 施等一一中攝諸無漏法當知即能仁一剎那智德 {VII.2} 猶如諸士夫動一處水輪一切頓轉動剎那智亦爾 {VII.3} 若時起異熟一切白法性般若波羅蜜即一剎那智 {VII.4} 由布施等行諸法如夢住一剎那能證諸法無相性 {VII.5} 如夢與能見不見有二相一剎那能見諸法無二性 བཞ པ ད ཅ ག མའ ར བ [མཚ ན པའ ཆ ས བཞ བཤད པ ]ན ད [28a.4] ཅ ག གཅ ག མང ན གས ང བ ཅ ས མད ར བ ན ནས 現觀莊嚴論,I.4bc, 2b.4 ད ཅ ག གཅ ག མང ན གས ང བ

36 34 第七品 : 剎那加行 ས པར ན པར ན པ ལ ས གས ར ར ས ཀ ང ནས ད ཉ ད ད ཅ ག གཅ ག ག ས མཐ ང ཞ ས ག ངས 現觀莊嚴論,VII.1-5, 11a.4-11a.6 {VII.1} ན པ ལ ས གས ར ར ས ཀ ང ཟག མ ད ཆ ས ཀ ན བ ས པའ ར བ པའ ད ཅ ག གཅ ག པ ཡ ས གས པ འད ན ཤ ས པར {VII.2} ཇ ར ས ས ཟ ན ད ག ཐབས གཅ ག ག ས བ ད པ ན ཐམས ཅད ཅ ག ཅར འག ལ བ ར ད ཅ ག གཅ ག ཤ ས ད བཞ ན ན {VII.3} གང ཚ ཆ ས དཀར ཐམས ཅད ཀ རང བཞ ན ཤ ས རབ ཕ ར ལ ན མ ན ཆ ས ཉ ད གནས བས ས ད ཚ ད ཅ ག གཅ ག ཡ ཤ ས {VII.4} ན ལ ས གས པའ ད པ ཡ ས ཆ ས ཀ ན ལམ འ ར གནས ནས ཆ ས མས མཚན ཉ ད མ ད པ ཉ ད ད ཅ ག མ ན གཅ ག ག ས གས {VII.5} ལམ དང ན ད མཐ ང ཉ ད གཉ ས ཀ ལ མ མཐ ང ར ཆ ས མས གཉ ས མ ད པ ཡ ད ཉ ད ད ཅ ག གཅ ག ག ས མཐ ང 剎那加行說明分四 : 定義 分類 詞意 界限 ད ཅ ག མའ ར བ [28a.5] ལ མཚན ཉ ད ད བ ད ན ས མཚམས བཞ 剎那加行 定義 三智行相串習已獲穩固之菩薩究竟瑜伽, 乃剎那加行定義 དང པ ན མཁ ན ག མ ག མ པ ལ ག མས པ བ ན པ ཐ བ པའ ས མས དཔའ ལ འ ར མཐར ག ད ད ཅ ག མའ ར བའ མཚན ཉ ད [28a.6] 剎那加行 相續後際聖智 無間頂加行三者同義, 然而即使在聖地 印度, 也有許多見解

37 能表剎那加行四法 35 ད ཅ ག མའ ར བ དང ན མཐའ ཡ ཤ ས དང བར ཆད མ ད པའ ར ག མ ད ན གཅ ག ལ འཕགས ལ ནའང འད ད ལ མང ང 剎那加行 分類 若予區分, 有以下等四, 四者體性同一, 反體各異 : 1. 非異熟剎那加行 2. 異熟剎那加行 3. 無相剎那加行 4. 無二剎那加行 གཉ ས པ ན ད ན ང བ གཅ ག ལ ག པ [28b.1] ཐ དད བཞ ཡ ད ད 1. མ པར ན པ མ ཡ ན པའ ད ཅ ག ར དང 2. མ པར ན པའ ད ཅ ག ར དང 3. མཚན ཉ ད མ ད པའ ད ཅ ག ར དང 4. གཉ ས མ ད པའ ད ཅ ག ར དང བཞ ཡ ད པའ ར

38 第六十三義 1. 非異熟剎那加行 ( མ པར ན པ མ ཡ ན པའ ད ཅ ག མའ ར བ ) 為開示非熟剎那加行, 故 現觀莊嚴論,VII.1 云 : {VII.1} 施等一一中攝諸無漏法當知即能仁一剎那智德 དང པ [ མ པར ན པ མ ཡ ན པའ ད ཅ ག ར ] ན པར ན པ [28b.2]ལ ས གས ར ར ས ཀ ང ནས གས པ འད ན ཤ ས པར ཞ ས ག ངས 現觀莊嚴論,VII.1, 11a.4 {VII.1} ན པ ལ ས གས ར ར ས ཀ ང ཟག མ ད ཆ ས ཀ ན བ ས པའ ར བ པའ ད ཅ ག གཅ ག པ ཡ ས གས པ འད ན ཤ ས པར 非異熟剎那加行定義 能於一剎那間現證 非異熟無漏布施 乃至 八十隨好 之所有功德之菩薩究竟瑜伽, 乃非異熟剎那加行之定義 མ པར ན པ མ ཡ ན པའ ཟག མ ད ཀ ན པ ནས དཔ ད བ ད འ བར ག ཡ ན ཏན ག ར གས མས ད ཅ ག མ གཅ ག ལ མང ན ད ས པའ ས མས དཔའ ལ [28b.3] འ ར མཐར ག ད མ པར ན པ མ ན པའ ད ཅ ག ར ག མཚན ཉ ད 在未淨七地, 任運而修的能力尚未成熟之故, 以彼等 未淨七地 a 之境之反體分而示之, 是聖解脫軍 獅子賢 至尊父 宗喀巴 子 賈曹傑 四人之密意故 : a 然而, 此時任運而修的能力已成熟

39 非異熟剎那加行 37 獅子賢所著 莊嚴光明釋 云 : 於所化機近士夫前, 示之由反體而分四行相, 如是而著 宗大師所著 金鬘疏 云 : 剎那加行若以性相或反體區分, 賈曹傑所著 心要莊嚴疏 亦云 : 由各反體界限性相 亦即, 藉此可指出分別返體分, 有四行相體性一反體異 མ དག ས བ ན མ ག ས པ ན འ བ མ ན པས ད འ ལ ག ག ཆས བ ན པ ཡ ན ཏ འཕགས ས ང དང ཡབ ས བཞ ཀའ དག ངས པ ཡ ན པའ ར ཏ [28b.4] ན ང ལས ག ལ འ བ ཉ བའ ང ར ག པས ད ན མ པ བཞ ར ཇ ར བ ན པར མཛད པས ས ཞ ས དང གས ར འ ང ལས ད ཅ ག ར ད ལ མཚན ཉ ད དམ ག པས ན ཞ ས དང མ བཤད ལས ཀ ང ག མཚམས a མ [28b.5] འ བའ མཚན ཉ ད ཀ ས ན ང བ གཅ ག ལ ག པ b ཐ དད པ མ c པ བཞ འ ཞ ས ས a 根據 1987 Go-mang Lhasa (17b.5) 以及賈曹傑 現觀莊嚴論釋心要莊嚴疏 (48b.3),the 2011 TBRC bla brang 與 Ngawang Gelek bla brang 的 1995 Mundgod 修訂版 (28b.4) 2005 Mundgod (49.1) 當中的 tshams 修訂為 mtshams, 如下 : ག མཚམས མ འ བའ མཚན ཉ ད ཀ ས ན ང བ གཅ ག ལ ག པ ཐ དད པ མ པ བཞ འ 請參閱賈曹達瑪仁千 (rgyal tshab dar ma rin chen) 所著 心要莊嚴疏 (rnam bshad snying po'i rgyan), 收錄於 gsung 'bum/ rgyal tshab rje (zhol), TBRC W676.2, 48b.3 b 根據 1987 Go-mang Lhasa (17b.5) 與前文腳註所引賈曹傑 心要莊嚴疏, 將 2011 TBRC bla brang Ngawang Gelek bla brang 1995 Mundgod 修訂版 (28b.5) 與 2005 Mundgod (49.2) 當中的 ba 修訂為 pa c 根據 1987 Go-mang Lhasa (17b.5) 與前文腳註所引賈曹傑 心要莊嚴疏, 將 2011 TBRC bla brang Ngawang Gelek bla brang 1995 Mundgod 修訂版 (28b.5) 與 2005 Mundgod (49.2) 當中的 rnams 修訂為 rnam

40 第六十四義 2. 異熟剎那加行 ( མ པར ན པའ ད ཅ ག མའ ར བ ) 為開示異熟剎那加行, 故 彌勒 現觀莊嚴論,VII.3 云 : {VII.3} 若時起異熟一切白法性般若波羅蜜即一剎那智 གཉ ས པ མ པར ན པའ ད ཅ ག ར ན པར གང ཚ ཆ ས དཀར ཐམས ཅད ཀ ནས ད ཚ ད ཅ ག གཅ ག ཡ ཤ ས ཞ ས ག ངས 現觀莊嚴論,VII.3, 11a.5 {VII.3} གང ཚ ཆ ས དཀར ཐམས ཅད ཀ རང བཞ ན ཤ ས རབ ཕ ར ལ ན མ ན ཆ ས ཉ ད གནས བས ས ད ཚ ད ཅ ག གཅ ག ཡ ཤ ས 異熟剎那加行定義 能於一剎那間, 現證異熟無漏布施等, 乃至八十隨形好之所有功德之菩薩究竟瑜伽, 乃異熟剎那加行之定義 མ པར [28b.6] ན པའ ཟག མ ད ཀ ན ས གས ནས དཔ ད བ ད འ བར ག ཡ ན ཏན ག ར གས མས ད ཅ ག མ གཅ ག ལ མང ན ད ས པའ ས མས དཔའ ལ འ ར མཐར ག ད མ པར ན པའ ད ཅ ག ར ག མཚན ཉ ད 此處 異熟 由八地以上對境的反體而說, 因聖解脫軍所著 二萬五千般若經論現觀莊嚴釋 (nyi snang) 云 : 由異熟法性, 分位一切無漏法 ; 賈曹傑所著 心要莊嚴疏 云 : 四剎那第一者, 七地以下勤力而成, 現證一切非異熟無漏法 聖解脫軍與賈曹傑如是說 成立 此處 異熟 乃八地以上對境反體, 乃因 二萬

41 異熟剎那加行 39 五千般若經論現觀莊嚴釋 所言 分位 者, 心要莊嚴疏 說七地以下非異熟之故, 亦可推知八地以上異熟之理 འད འ མ པར [29a.1] ན པ ས བ ད པ ཡན ཆད ཀ ལ ག ག པས བཤད ད ཉ ང ལས མ པར ན པའ ཆ ས ཉ ད ཀ ས གནས བས ཀ ཟག པ མ ད པའ ཆ ས ཐམས ཅད ཅ ས དང མ བཤད ལས ད ཅ ག མ [29a.2] བཞ འ དང པ ས བ ན པ མན ཆད ལ བས བ པས ན མ པར ན པ མ ན པའ ཟག པ མ ད པའ ཆ ས ཐམས ཅད མང ན ད པ ཞ ས ག ངས པའ ར ཁ བ ཉ ང ག གནས བས ལ མ བཤད ཀ ས བ ན པ མན ཆད མ [29a.3] པར མ ན པར བཤད པའ ར དང གས ལ ས བ ད པ ཡན ཆད མ པར ན ལ ཡང ག ས པའ ར

42 第六十五義 3. 無相剎那加行 (མཚན ཉ ད མ ད པའ ད ཅ ག མའ ར བ ) 為開示無相剎那加行, 故 彌勒 現觀莊嚴論,VII.4 云 : {VII.4} 由布施等行諸法如夢住一剎那能證諸法無相性 ག མ པ མཚན ཉ ད མ ད པའ ད ཅ ག ར ན པར ན པ ལ ས གས ད པ ཡ ས ནས ད ཅ ག མ ན གཅ ག ག ས གས [29a.4] ཞ ས ག ངས 現觀莊嚴論,VII.4, 11a.5-11a.6 {VII.4} ན ལ ས གས པའ ད པ ཡ ས ཆ ས ཀ ན ལམ འ ར གནས ནས ཆ ས མས མཚན ཉ ད མ ད པ ཉ ད ད ཅ ག མ ན གཅ ག ག ས གས 無相剎那加行定義 由 一剎那間現證布施等一切法諦實空 之分所安立之菩薩究竟瑜伽, 乃無相剎那加行之定義 ན ས གས ཆ ས ཐམས ཅད བད ན ང ད ཅ ག མ གཅ ག ལ མང ན མ གས པའ ཆ ནས བཞག པའ ས མས དཔའ ལ འ ར མཐར ག ད མཚན ཉ ད མ ད པའ ད ཅ ག ར ག མཚན ཉ ད

43 第六十六義 4. 無二剎那加行 (གཉ ས མ ད པའ ད ཅ ག མའ ར བ ) 為開示無二剎那加行, 故 彌勒 現觀莊嚴論,VII.5 云 : 1 {VII.5} 如夢與能見不見有二相一剎那能見諸法無二性 བཞ པ གཉ ས མ ད པའ ད [29a.5] ཅ ག ར ན པར ལམ དང ན ད མཐ ང ཉ ད ནས ད ཉ ད ད ཅ ག གཅ ག ག ས མཐ ང ཞ ས ག ངས 彌勒 現觀莊嚴論,VII.5, 11a.6 {VII.5} ལམ དང ན ད མཐ ང ཉ ད གཉ ས ཀ ལ མ མཐ ང ར ཆ ས མས གཉ ས མ ད པ ཡ ད ཉ ད ད ཅ ག གཅ ག ག ས མཐ ང 無二剎那加行定義 由 能於一剎那間現證一切法所取能取異質空 之分所安立之菩薩究竟瑜伽, 乃無二剎那加行之定義 ཆ ས ཐམས ཅད ག ངས a འཛ ན ས ཐ དད མ བ པར ད ཅ ག མ གཅ ག ལ མང ན མ གས ས པའ ཆ ནས [29a.6]བཞག པའ ས མས དཔའ ལ འ ར མཐར ག ད གཉ ས མ ད པའ ད ཅ ག ར ག མཚན ཉ ད a The 2005 Mundgod (61.15) 作 gzung

44 42 第七品 : 剎那加行 剎那現觀 釋義 因於時邊際成事一剎那間, 面對布施等, 清淨 無誤地通達, 故名 剎那現觀 (skad cig ma gcig gis mngon par rtogs pa), 於時邊際一剎那間, 梵文 abhisamaya( 現觀 ) 一詞當中,abhi 意指 面向 趣向 (mngon du phyogs pa),sam 意指 正確 ( 或譯 清淨 ) (yang dag pa), 垢染盡除故無誤,aya 意指 證悟 (rtogs pa) 與 理解 (gzhal ba), 因聖解脫軍 二萬五千般若經論現觀莊嚴釋 (nyi snang) 云 : a abhisamaya 所言者何?abhi (mngon du phyogs pa, abhimukha 面向 趣向 ) 乃 現證 (mngon du rtogs pa), 又 sam 一詞表 決定 (nges pa, niyata),aya 則表為 證悟 (rtogs pa) ག མ པ ན ས མཐའ གས ཀ ད ཅ ག མ གཅ ག ལ ན ས གས མང ན མ གས པར མ འ ལ བའམ [29b.1] ཡང དག པར གས པས ན ད ཅ ག མ གཅ ག ག ས མང ན པར གས པ ཞ ས ས མཐའ ད ཅ ག མ གཅ ག ག ན ལ ཨ བྷ ས མ ཡའ ཨ བྷ མང ན གས པ དང སམ b ཡང དག པ མ ཟད པས མ [29b.2] འ ལ བ དང ཨ ཡ གས པ དང གཞལ བའ ད ན ཡ ན པའ ར ཏ ཉ ང ལས c མང ན པར གས པ a Sparham, Abhisamayālaṃkāra with [Āryavimuktisena s] Vṛtti and [Haribhadra s] Ālokā, vol. 4, 65. b The 2005 Mundgod ( ) 誤植為 sa ma c the sde dge (191b.5) 收錄的聖解脫軍論疏與蔣揚協巴所引雖然有異, 文意則有相似之處 : མང ན པར གས པ ཞ ས བའ ད ན ཅ ཞ ག ཡ ན ཞ ན མང ན པ ན མང ན གས པའ སམ ག ན ང ས པར མང ན པར བ ད པའ ཨ ཡ ན གས པ ལའ 蔣揚協巴 :

45 無二剎那加行 43 ཞ ས བའ ད ན ཅ ཞ ན མང ན གས པ ན མང ན གས པའམ སམ a ག ན ང ས པར མང ན པར [29b.3] བ ད པའ ཨ ཡ ན གས པ ལའ ཞ ས ག ངས ར 剎那加行 界限 剎那加行四者界限, 四剎那加行 唯存在於相續後際 成佛前一剎那, 仍為有情 བཞ པ ན བཞ ཀའ ས མཚམས ན མཐའ ཁ ནར ཡ ད 剎那圓滿正等正覺善說完結 ད ཅ ག གཅ ག ག ས མང ན པར གས པར ང བ པ ལ གས པར བཤད ཟ ན [29b.4] ཏ མང ན པར གས པ ཞ ས བའ ད ན ཅ ཞ ན མང ན གས པ ན མང ན གས པའམ སམ ག ན ང ས པར མང ན པར བ ད པའ ཨ ཡ ན གས པ ལའ a The 2005 Mundgod (62.9) 誤植為 sa ma

46

47 簡稱說明 (Abbreviations) 1973 Ngawang Gelek bla brang = Collected Works of Jam-dbyaṅsbźad-pa i-rdo-rje, vol. 15. New Delhi, India: Ngawang Gelek Demo, Go-mang Lhasa (first printing) = don bdun cu'i mtha' spyod mi pham bla ma'i zhal lung gsal ba'i legs bshad blo gsal mgul rgyan. 1a-20a. Named 1987 because of being acquired in Lha-sa, Tibet, at Go-mang College in 1987; published at Go-mang College, date unknown. (Complete edition, available at UMA Institute for Tibetan Studies, uma-tibet.org.) 1987 Go-mang Lhasa (second printing) = don bdun cu'i mtha' spyod mi pham bla ma'i zhal lung gsal ba'i legs bshad blo gsal mgul rgyan. 3a-20a. Named 1987 because of being acquired in Lha-sa, Tibet, at Go-mang College in 1987; published at Go-mang College, date unknown. (Incomplete edition, available at UMA Institute for Tibetan Studies, uma-tibet.org.) 1995 Mundgod revision of Ngawang Gelek bla brang = Collected Works of Jam-dbyaṅs-bźad-pa i-rdo-rje, vol. 16. Mundgod, India: Gomang College,1995. Also available at: TBRC W Mundgod = 'jam dbyangs bzhad pa and 'jigs med dbang po. don bdun cu'i mtha' dpyod mi pham bla ma'i zhal lung dang sa lam gyi rnam gzhag theg gsum mdzes rgyan grub mtha' rnam gzhag rin po che'i phreng ba bcas. Mundgod, India: Drepung Gomang Library, Tōyō Bunko CD-ROM: Tibetan texts of don bdun bcu of 'jam dbyangs bzhad pa and rigs lam 'phrul gyi lde mig of dkon mchog bstan pa'i sgron me. In the Toyo Bunko Database CD Release II. Tokyo, Japan: Tōyō Bunko, CD-ROM. (This edition is based on the 1999 Mundgod edition.) 2001 Kan su u = dngos po brgyad don bdun cu i rnam gzhag legs par bshad pa mi pham bla ma i zhal lung. In don bdun cu dang sa lam sogs nyer mkho'i skor phyogs bsgrigs: Kan su'u, China: kan su u mi rigs dpe skrun khang, Mundgod = dngos po brgyad don bdun cu i rnam gzhag legs par bshad pa mi pham bla ma i zhal lung. In don bdun cu dang sa lam sogs nyer mkho'i skor phyogs bsgrigs: Mundgod, India: Drepung Gomang

48 46 簡稱 Library, TBRC bla brang = dngos po brgyad don bdun cu i rnam gzhag legs par bshad pa mi pham bla ma i zhal lung. In kun mkhyen 'jam dbyangs bzhad pa'i rdo rje mchog gi gsung 'bum, vol. 14. TBRC W : , which is a PDF of: bla brang bkra shis 'khyil: bla brang brka shis 'khyil dgon, publishing date unknown. Āryavimuktisena s commentary = Āryavimuktisena s Commentary on the Twenty-Five Thousand Stanza Perfection of Wisdom Sūtra. shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa stong phrag nyi shu lnga pa'i man ngag gi bstan bcos mngon par rtogs pa'i rgyan gyi 'grel pa. In bstan 'gyur (sde dge). TBRC W , which is a PDF of: Delhi, India: Karmapae choedhey, Gyalwae sungrab partun khang, co ne = co ne bstan gyur. TBRC W1GS co ne dgon chen: co ne, Dharma = the sde dge edition of the Tibetan canon published by Dharma Press: the Nying-ma Edition of the sde-dge bka'-'gyur and bstan-'gyur. Oakland, Calif.: Dharma Press, Haribhadra s Clear Meaning = Haribhadra s Clear Meaning Commentary / Commentary on (Maitreya s) Treatise of Quintessential Instructions on the Perfection of Wisdom: Ornament for the Clear Realizations. grel pa don gsal / shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa'i man ngag gi bstan bcos mngon par rtogs pa'i rgyan zhes bya ba'i 'grel pa. In bstan 'gyur (sde dge). TBRC W , which is a PDF of: Delhi, India: Karmapae choedhey, Gyalwae sungrab partun khang, Peking = Tibetan Tripiṭaka: Peking Edition kept in the Library of the Otani University, Kyoto. Edited by Daisetz Teitarō Suzuki. Tokyo, Kyoto, Japan: Tibetan Tripiṭaka Research Foundation, sde dge = sde dge Tibetan Tripiṭaka bstan ḥgyur preserved at the Faculty of Letters, University of Tokyo. Edited by Z. Yamaguchi, et al. Tokyo: Tokyo University Press, The cataglogue numbers are from Complete Catalogue of the Tibetan Buddhist Canons. Edited by Hukuji Ui. Sendai, Japan: Tohoku University, And A Catalogue of the Tohuku University Collection of Tibetan Works on Buddhism. Edited by Yensho Kanakura. Sendai, Japan: Tohoku University, TBRC W23703, which is a PDF of: Delhi: Karmapae Chodhey, Gyalwae sungrab partun khang, TBRC = Tibetan Buddhist Resource Center (

49 簡稱 47 the sde dge Ornament = mngon par rtogs pa i rgyan/ shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa'i man ngag gi bstan bcos mngon par rtogs pa'i rgyan shes bya ba'i tshig le'ur byas pa (abhisamayālaṃkāra/ abhisamayālaṁkāranāma-prajñāpāramitopadeśaśāstrakārikā). In bstan gyur (sde dge). TBRC W :3-28, which is a PDF of: Delhi: Karmapae Choedhey, Gyalwae sungrab partun khang, See Bibliography for the other editions consulted.

50

51 參考書目 Sūtras are listed alphabetically by English title in the first section; the terms glorious and supreme at the beginning of titles are often dropped in the Bibliography. Indian and Tibetan treatises are listed alphabetically by author in the second section; other works are listed alphabetically by author in the third section. Works mentioned in the first or second sections are not repeated in the third section. 1. 經 (Sūtras) Eight Thousand Stanza Perfection of Wisdom Sūtra aṣṭasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa brgyad stong pa Peking 734, vol. 21; TBRC W22084 Sanskrit: P. L. Vaidya. Aṣṭasāhasrika Prajñāpāramitā, with Haribhadra s Commentary called Ālokā. Buddhist Sanskrit Texts 4. Darbhanga, India: Mithila Institute, English translation: Edward Conze. The Perfection of Wisdom in Eight Thousand Lines & Its Verse Summary. Bolinas, Calif.: Four Seasons Foundation, Five Hundred Stanza Perfection of Wisdom Sūtra āryapañcaśatikāprajñāpāramitā phags pa shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa lnga brgya pa Peking 0738, vol. 21. English translation: Edward Conze. The Short Prajñāpāramitā Texts. London: Luzac, One Hundred Fifty Modes of the Perfection of Wisdom prajñāpāramitānayaśatapañcāśatikāsūtra shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa i tshul brgya lnga bcu pa i mdo Peking 121, vol. 5 English translation: Edward Conze. The Short Prajñāpāramitā Texts, London: Luzac, One Hundred Thousand Stanza Perfection of Wisdom Sūtra śatasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa stong phrag brgya pa Peking 730, vols.12-18; Tohoku 8, vols. ka-a ( bum); TBRC W22084 Condensed English translation: Edward Conze. The Large Sūtra on Perfect Wisdom. Berkeley: University of California Press, One Letter Perfection of Wisdom Sūtra ekākṣarīmātānāmasarvatathāgataprajñāpāramitāsūtra de bzhin gshegs pa thams cad kyi yum shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa yi ge gcig ma i mdo Peking 741, vol. 21; sde dge 23, Dharma vol. 12 Perfection of Wisdom in Few Letters svalpākṣaraprajñāpāramitāsūtra shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa yi ge nyung ngu Peking 159, vol. 6 English translation: Edward Conze. The Short Prajñāpāramitā Texts, London: Luzac, Twenty-five Thousand Stanza Perfection of Wisdom Sūtra

52 50 參考書目 pañcaviṃśatisāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa stong phrag nyi shu lnga pa Peking 731, vol. 19; TBRC W22084 English translation (abridged): Edward Conze. The Large Sūtra on the Perfection of Wisdom. Berkeley: University of California Press, Verse Summary of the Perfection of Wisdom prajñāpāramitāsañcayagāthā shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa sdud pa tshigs su bcad pa Peking 735, vol. 21; Tohoku 13, vol. ka (shes rab sna tshogs); TBRC W : 3-40 Sanskrit and Tibetan: Akira Yuyama. Prajñā-pāramitā-ratna-guṇa-saṃcaya-gāthā (Sanskrit Recension A): Edited with an Introduction, Bibliographical Notes and a Tibetan Version from Tunhuang. London: Cambridge University Press, Sanskrit: E. E. Obermiller. Prajñāpāramitā-ratnaguṇa-sañcayagāthā. Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio Verlag, Also: P. L. Vaidya. Mahāyāna-sūtra-saṃgraha. Part I. Buddhist Sanskrit Texts, 17. Darbhanga, India: Mithila Institute, English translation: Edward Conze. The Perfection of Wisdom in Eight Thousand Lines & Its Verse Summary. Bolinas, Calif.: Four Seasons Foundation, 其他梵文與藏文著作 Abhayākaragupta ( jigs med byung gnas sbas pa) Commentary on the Eight Thousand Stanza Perfection of Wisdom Sūtra : Moonlight of Essential Points aṣṭasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitāvṛttimarmakaumudī shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa brgyad stong pa'i 'grel pa gnad kyi zla 'od Peking 5202, vol. 92; sde dge 3805, vol. da Ornament to the Subduer s Thought munimatālaṃkāra thub pa i dgongs rgyan Peking 5294, vol.101; sde dge 3894, vol. ha Āryavimuktisena ('phags pa rnam grol sde, ca. 6 th century C.E.) Commentary on (Maitreya s) Treatise of Quintessential Instructions on the Superior Twenty-Five Thousand Stanza Perfection of Wisdom Sūtra : Ornament for the Clear Realizations pañcaviṃśatisāhasrikāprajñāpāramitopadeśaśāstrābhisamayālaṃkāravṛtti 'phags pa shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa stong phrag nyi shu lnga pa'i man ngag gi bstan bcos mngon par rtogs pa'i rgyan gyi 'grel pa; abbr. nyi 'khri snang ba Peking 5185, vol. 88 Sanskrit edition: L'Abhisamayālamkāravrtti di Ārya-Vimuktisena: primo Abhisamaya / testo e note critiche [a cura di] Corrado Pensa. Roma, Italy: Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, Tibetan edition: In bstan 'gyur (sde dge). TBRC W : , which is a PDF of: Delhi, India: Karmapae choedhey, Gyalwae sungrab partun khang, Atisha (dīpaṃkaraśrījñāna, mar me mdzad ye shes, ) Lamp Summary of (Maitreya s) Perfection of Wisdom prajñāpāramitāpiṇḍārthapradīpa shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa'i don bsdus sgron ma Peking 5201, vol. 92; sde dge 3804, vol. tha Lamp for the Path to Enlightenment bodhipathapradīpa byang chub lam gyi sgron ma Peking 5343, vol. 103; sde dge 3947, vol. khi English translation with Atisha s autocommentary: Richard Sherbourne, S.J. A Lamp for the

53 參考書目 51 Path and Commentary. London: George Allen and Unwin, English translation: Atisha s Lamp for the Path: An Oral Teaching by Geshe Sonam Rinchen. Trans. and ed. Ruth Sonam. Ithaca, N.Y.: Snow Lion Publications, Bhadanta Vimuktasena (btsun pa grol sde) [Sub]commentary on (Maitreya s) Treatise of Quintessential Instructions on the Superior Twenty-Five Thousand Stanza Perfection of Wisdom Sūtra : Ornament for the Clear Realizations āryapañcaviṃśatisāhasrikāprajñāpāramitopadeśaśāstrābhisamayālaṃkārakārikāvārttika nyi khrid nam grel / phags pa shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa stong phrag nyi shu lnga pa i man ngag gi bstan bcos mngon par rtogs pa i rgyan gyi tshig le ur byas pa i rnam par grel pa Peking 5186, vol. 88 Buddhashrījñāna a Commentary on (Maitreya s) Treatise of Quintessential Instructions on the Supramundane Victorious Mother Perfection of Wisdom: Ornament for the Clear Realizations : Wisdom Lamp Garland abhisamayālaṃkārabhagavatīprajñāpāramitopadeśaśāstravṛttiprajñāpradīpāvali bcom ldan das ma shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa i man ngag gi bstan bcos mngon par rtogs pa i rgyan gyi grel pa shes rab sgron ma i phreng ba Peking 5198, vol. 91; sde dge 3800, vol. ta Commentary on the Difficult Points of the Verse Summary sañcayagāthāpañjikā bsdus pa tshig su bcad pa'i dka' 'grel Peking 5196, vol. 91; sde dge 3798, vol. nya Chandrakīrti (zla ba grags pa, seventh century) Autocommentary on the Supplement to (Nāgārjuna s) Treatise on the Middle madhaymakāvatārabhāṣya dbu ma la jug pa i bshad pa / dbu ma la jug pa i rang grel Peking 5263, vol. 98; sde dge 3862, vol. a. Also: Dharmsala, India: Council of Religious and Cultural Affairs, Tibetan: Louis de La Vallée Poussin. Madhyamakāvatāra par Candrakīrti. Bibliotheca Buddhica 9. Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio Verlag, French translation (up to chap. 6, stanza 165): Louis de La Vallée Poussin. Muséon 8 (1907): ; Muséon 11 (1910): ; Muséon 12 (1911): German translation (chap. 6, stanzas ): Helmut Tauscher. Candrakīrti-Madhyamakāvatāraḥ und Madhyamakāvatārabhāṣyam. Wiener Studien zur Tibetologie und Buddhismuskunde, 5. Vienna: Arbeitskreis für Tibetische und Buddhistische Studien Universität Wien, Supplement to (Nāgārjuna s) Treatise on the Middle a Gareth Sparham 提出以下疑問 : 這兩本著作並不確定為同一作者所作, 第一本在出版說明中記載, 作者是 kha che'i rigs kyi paṇḍita chen po buddha shrī jñāna, 而第二本在出版說明中所記載的作者則是 dpon buddha śrī jñāna 曇摩蜜多(Dharmamitra) 明確地稱呼第二本的作者為 Buddhajñānashrī, 布敦 (lung gi snye ma p. 4) 似乎認定兩本著作出自不同作者之手,buddhajñānashrī 與佛智足 sangs rgyas ye shes zhabs (Buddhajñānapāda) 宗喀巴大師引用第一本著作時稱之為 shes rab sgron me/ma and bud dha shrī, 而稱後者為 sdud pa'i dka'i 'grel and sang ye

54 52 參考書目 madhyamakāvatāra dbu ma la jug pa Peking 5261, Peking 5262, vol. 98; sde dge 3861, sde dge 3862, vol. a Tibetan: Louis de La Vallée Poussin. Madhyamakāvatāra par Candrakīrti. Bibliotheca Buddhica 9. Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio Verlag, English translation: C. W. Huntington, Jr. The Emptiness of Emptiness: An Introduction to Early Indian Mādhyamika, Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press, English translation (chaps. 1-5): Jeffrey Hopkins. Compassion in Tibetan Buddhism. London: Rider, 1980; reprint, Ithaca, N.Y.: Snow Lion Publications, English translation (chap. 6): Stephen Batchelor. Echoes of Voidness by Geshé Rabten, London: Wisdom Publications, See also references under Chandrakīrti s Autocommentary on the Supplement. Chim Jam-pay-yang (mchims jam pa i dbyangs or mchims nam mkha grags, died 1289 / 1290) Commentary on [ Vasubandhu s] Treasury of Manifest Knowledge : Ornament of Manifest Knowledge chos mngon mdzod kyi tshig le ur byas pa i grel pa mngon pa i rgyan Buxaduor, India: Nang bstan shes rig dzin skyong slob gnyer khang, n.d. Dharmakīrti (chos kyi grags pa, seventh century) Commentary on (Dignāga s) Compilation of Prime Cognition pramāṇavārttikakārikā tshad ma rnam grel gyi tshig le ur byas pa Peking 5709, vol. 130; sde dge 4210, vol. ce. Also: Sarnath, India: Pleasure of Elegant Sayings Press, Sanskrit: Dwarikadas Shastri. Pramāṇavārttika of Āchārya Dharmakīrtti. Varanasi, India: Bauddha Bharati, Sanskrit and Tibetan: Yūsho Miyasaka. Pramāṇavarttika-kārikā: Sanskrit and Tibetan. Indo Koten Kenkyu (Acta Indologica) 2 ( ): English translation (chap. 2): Masatoshi Nagatomi. A Study of Dharmakīrti s Pramāṇavarttika: An English Translation and Annotation of the Pramāṇavarttika, Book I. Ph. D. diss., Harvard University, English translation (chap. 4): Tom J.F. Tillemans. Dharmakīrti s Pramāṇavārttika: An Annotated Translation of the Fourth Chapter (parārthānumāna), vol. 1 (k ). Vienna: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Dharmakīrtishrī (chos kyi grags pa dpal / gser gling pa) Explanation of (Haribhadra s) Commentary on (Maitreya s) Treatise of Quintessential Instructions on the Perfection of Wisdom: Ornament for the Clear Realizations : Illumination of the Difficult to Realize prajñāpāramitopadeśaśāstrābhisamayālaṃkāravṛttidurbodhālokānāmaṭīkā shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa'i man ngag gi bstan bcos mngon par rtogs pa'i rgyan gyi 'grel pa rtogs par dka' ba'i snang ba zhes bya ba'i 'grel bshad Peking 5192, vol. 91; sde dge 3794, vol. ja Dharmamitra (chos kyi bshes gnyen) Explanation of (Haribhadra s) Commentary on (Maitreya s) Ornament for the Clear Realizations : Very Clear Words abhisamayālaṃkārakārikāprajñāpāramitopadeśaśāstraṭīkāprasphuṭapadā shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa i man ngag gi bstan bcos mngon par rtogs pa i rgyan gyi tshig le ur byas pa i grel bshad tshig rab tu gsal ba Peking 5194, vol. 91; sde dge 3796, vol. nya Dharmashrī Explanation of the One Hundred Thousand Stanza Perfection of Wisdom Sūtra śatasāhasrikāvivaraṇa stong phrag brgya pa'i rnam par bshad pa Peking 5203, vol. 92; sde dge 3802, vol. da

55 參考書目 53 Key to the Treasury of the Verse Summary of the Perfection of Wisdom prajñāpāramitāsaṃcayagāthākośatāla shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa sdud pa i tshig su bcad pa i mdzod kyi lde mig Peking 5204, vol. 92; sde dge 3806, vol. da Gen-dün-drub, First Dalai Lama (dge dun grub, ) Commentary on (Guṇaprabha s) Aphorisms on Discipline / Essence of the Entire Discipline, Eloquent Holy Doctrine legs par gsungs pa i dam chos dul ba mtha dag gi snying po Collected Works of the First Dalai Lama dge- dun-grub-pa. Gangtok, Sikkim: Dodrup Lama Sangye, Explanation of [ Vasubandhu s] Treasury of Manifest Knowledge : Illuminating the Path to Liberation dam pa i chos mngon pa i mdzod kyi rnam par bshad pa thar lam gsal byed Tibetan editions: Collected Works of the First Dalai Lama dge- dun-grub-pa, vol. 3. Gangtok, Sikkim: Dodrup Lama, Buxaduor, India: n.p., Also: Sarnath, India: wa na mtho slob dge ldan spyi las khang, English translation (chapters 1-5): David Patt. Elucidating the Path to Liberation. Ann Arbor, Mich.: University Microf ilms, English translation (chap. 6): Harvey B. Aronson, The Buddhist Path: A Translation of the Sixth Chapter of the First Dalai Lama s Path of Liberation. Tibet Journal 5, no. 3 (1980): 29-51; 5, no. 4 (1980): 28-47; 12, no. 2 (1987): 25-40; 12, no. 3 (1987): Guṇaprabha (yon tan od ) Aphorisms on Discipline vinayasūtra dul ba i mdo Peking 5619, vol. 123 Gung-thang Kön-chog-tan-pay-drön-me (gung thang dkon mchog bstan pa i sgron me, ) Presentation of the Four Truths, Port of Those Wishing Liberation: Festival for the Wise bden bzhi i rnam gzhag thar dod jug ngogs mkhas pa i dga ston Collected Works of Gun-thaṅ dkon-mchog bstan-pa i sgron-me, vol. 2. New Delhi: Ngawang Gelek Demo, Gung-thang Lo-drö-gya-tsho (gung thang blo gros rgya mtsho, /1930) Annotations to (Haribhadra s) Small Clear Meaning Commentary on (Maitreya s) Ornament for the Clear Realizations : Clearing Away the Darkness for Those Wanting Liberation mngon rtogs rgyan gyi 'grel chung don gsal ba'i mchan 'grel kun bzang zhing gi nyi ma thar 'dod mun sel Tibetan editions: Lhasa (?): dge ldan legs bshad gsung rab 'grem spel khang, TBRC W00EGS , which is a PDF of: Lhasa (?): dge ldan legs bshad gsung rab 'grem spel khang, Gyal-tshab-dar-ma-rin-chen (rgyal tshab dar ma rin chen, ) Explanation [of (Maitreya s) Ornament for the Clear Realizations and its Commentaries]: Ornament for the Essence/ Explanation Illuminating the Meaning of the Commentaries on (Maitreya s) Treatise of Quintessential Instructions on the Perfection of Wisdom, Ornament for the Clear Realizations : Ornament for the Essence rnam bshad snying po rgyan/ shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa'i man ngag gi bstan bcos mngon par rtogs pa'i rgyan gyi 'grel pa don gsal ba'i rnam bshad snying po'i rgyan Tibetan editions: Sarnath: Gelugpa Student's Welfare Committee, shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa'i man ngag gi bstan bcos mngon par rtogs pa'i rgyan gyi 'grel pa don gsal ba'i rnam bshad snying po'i rgyan. TBRC W : 5-762, which is a PDF

56 54 參考書目 of: sku 'bum monastery, Tibet: sku 'bum byams pa gling par khang, [19?]. Explanation of (Shāntideva s) Engaging in the Bodhisattva Deeds : Entrance for Victor Children byang chub sems dpa i spyod pa la jug pa i rnam bshad rgyal sras jug ngog Sarnath: Pleasure of Elegant Sayings Printing Press, 1973 Illumination of the Path to Liberation / Explanation of (Dharmakīrti s) Commentary on (Dignāga s) Compilation of Prime Cognition : Unerring Illumination of the Path to Liberation thar lam gsal byed / tshad ma rnam grel gyi tshig le ur byas pa i rnam bshad thar lam phyin ci ma log par gsal bar byed pa Tibetan editions: Collected Works of Rgyal-tshab Dar-ma-rin-chen, vol. 6 (entire). Delhi: Guru Deva, Collected Works of Rgyal-tshab Dar-ma-rin-chen, vol. 6 (entire). Delhi: Ngawang Gelek Demo, Varanasi, India: Pleasure of Elegant Sayings Press, Haribhadra (seng ge bzang po, late eighth century) Clear Meaning Commentary / Commentary on (Maitreya s) Treatise of Quintessential Instructions on the Perfection of Wisdom: Ornament for the Clear Realizations spuṭhārtha / abhisamayālaṃkāranāmaprajñāpāramitopadeśaśāstravṛtti grel pa don gsal / shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa i man ngag gi bstan bcos mngon par rtogs pa i rgyan ces bya ba i grel pa Sanskrit editions: Amano, Kōei. A study on the Abhisamaya-alaṃkāra-kārikā-śāstra-vṛtti. Rev. ed. Yanai City, Japan: Rokoku Bunko, Tripathi, Ram Shankar. Slob-dpon Seṅ-ge-bzaṅ-pos mdzad pa'i Mṅon-par-rtogs-pa'i-rgyan gyi 'grel pa Don-gsal (Prajñāpāramitopadeśaśāstre Ācāryaharibhadraviracitā Abhisamayālaṅkāravṛttiḥ Sphuṭārtha), nd ed. Sarnath, India: Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies Wogihara, Unrai. Abhisamayālaṃkārālokā Prajñā-pāramitā-vyākhyā, The Work of Haribhadra. 7 vols. Tokyo: Toyo Bunko, ; reprint, Tokyo: Sankibo Buddhist Book Store, Wogihara, Unrai, ed. Abhisamayālaṃkārālokā Prajñāpāramitāvyākhyā: Commentary on aṣṭasāhasrikā-prajñāpāramitā by Haribhadra, Together with the Text Commented on. Tokyo, Japan: The Toyo Bunko, Tibetan edition: In bstan 'gyur (sde dge). TBRC W : , which is a PDF of: Delhi, India: Karmapae choedhey, Gyalwae sungrab partun khang, English translation: Sparham, Gareth. Āryavimuktisena, Maitreyanātha, and Haribhadra. Abhisamayālaṃkāra with Vṛtti and Ālokā. 4 vols. Fremont, CA: Jain Publishing Company, Commentary on the Difficult Points of the Verse Summary of the Precious Qualities of the Supramundane Victorious [Mother] / Commentary that Makes the Difficult Points of the Verse Summary of the Precious Qualities of the Supramundane Victorious [Mother] Easy to Understand bhagavatīratnaguṇasaṃcayagāthāpañjikāsubodhinīnāma bcom ldan 'das yon tan rin po che sdus pa'i tshig su bcad pa'i dka' 'grel Peking 5190; sde dge 3792 [Commentary on the] Twenty-Five Thousand Stanza Perfection of Wisdom Sūtra pañcaviṃśatisāhasrikā-prajñāpāramitā shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa stong phrag nyi shu lnga pa Peking 5188; sde dge 3790 Explanation of the Eight Thousand Stanza Perfection of Wisdom Sūtra : Illumination of (Maitreya s) Ornament for the Clear Realizations aṣṭasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitāvyākhyānābhisamayālaṃkārālokā shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa brgyad stong pa'i bshad pa mngon par rtogs pa'i rgyan gyi snang ba

57 參考書目 55 In bstan 'gyur (sde dge). TBRC W : 4-683, which is a PDF of: Delhi, India: Karmapae choedhey, Gyalwae sungrab partun khang, Jam-yang-shay-pa Ngag-wang-tson-drü ('jam dbyangs bzhad pa i rdo rje ngag dbang brtson grus, /1722) Eloquent Presentation of the Eight Categories and Seventy Topics: Sacred Word of Guru Ajita dngos po brgyad don bdun cu i rnam bzhag legs par bshad pa mi pham bla ma'i zhal lung Tibetan editions: bla brang edition: 2011 TBRC bla brang = In kun mkhyen 'jam dbyangs bzhad pa'i rdo rje mchog gi gsung 'bum, vol. 14. TBRC W : , which is a PDF of: bla brang bkra shis 'khyil: bla brang brka shis 'khyil dgon, publishing date unknown. [Preferred edition since it has not been retouched.] 1973 Ngawang Gelek bla brang = Collected Works of Jam-dbyaṅs-bźad-pa i-rdo-rje, vol. 15. New Delhi, India: Ngawang Gelek Demo, [Retouched edition.] 1995 Mundgod revision of Ngawang Gelek bla brang = Collected Works of Jamdbyaṅs-bźad-pa i-rdo-rje, vol. 16. New Delhi, India: Ngawang Gelek Demo, Also available at: TBRC W [Further retouched edition.] 1999 Mundgod = dngos po brgyad don bdun cu i rnam gzhag legs par bshad pa mi pham bla ma i zhal lung. In don bdun cu dang sa lam sogs nyer mkho'i skor phyogs bsgrigs: Mundgod, India: Drepung Gomang Library, Tōyō Bunko CD-ROM = Tibetan texts of don bdun bcu of 'jam dbyangs bzhad pa and rigs lam 'phrul gyi lde mig of dkon mchog bstan pa'i sgron me. In the Toyo Bunko Database CD Release II. Tokyo, Japan: Tōyō Bunko, CD-ROM. [This edition is based on the 1999 Mundgod.] 2001 Kan su u = dngos po brgyad don bdun cu i rnam gzhag legs par bshad pa mi pham bla ma i zhal lung. In don bdun cu dang sa lam sogs nyer mkho'i skor phyogs bsgrigs: Kan su'u, China: mi rigs dpe skrun khang, Mundgod = dngos po brgyad don bdun cu i rnam gzhag legs par bshad pa mi pham bla ma i zhal lung. In don bdun cu dang sa lam sogs nyer mkho'i skor phyogs bsgrigs: Mundgod, India: Drepung Gomang Library, Go-mang Lhasa edition: 1987 Go-mang Lhasa (first printing) = don bdun cu'i mtha' spyod mi pham bla ma'i zhal lung gsal ba'i legs bshad blo gsal mgul rgyan. 1a-20a. Go-mang College: Lha-sa, Tibet: n.d. (PDF of complete printing available at UMA Institute for Tibetan Studies, Named 1987 because of being acquired in Lha-sa, Tibet, at Go-mang College in Go-mang Lhasa (second printing) = don bdun cu'i mtha' spyod mi pham bla ma'i zhal lung gsal ba'i legs bshad blo gsal mgul rgyan. 3a-20a. Go-mang College: Lha-sa, Tibet: n.d. (PDF of incomplete printing available at UMA Institute for Tibetan Studies, Named 1987 because of being acquired in Lha-sa, Tibet, at Go-mang College in Great Exposition of Tenets / Explanation of Tenets : Sun of the Land of Samantabhadra Brilliantly Illuminating All of Our Own and Others Tenets and the Meaning of the Profound [Emptiness], Ocean of Scripture and Reasoning Fulf illing All Hopes of All Beings grub mtha chen mo / grub mtha i rnam bshad rang gzhan grub mtha kun dang zab don mchog tu gsal ba kun bzang zhing gi nyi ma lung rigs rgya mtsho skye dgu i re ba kun skong Edition cited: Musoorie, India: Dalama, Also: Collected Works of Jam-dbyaṅs-bźad-pa irdo-rje, vol. 14 (entire). New Delhi: Ngawang Gelek Demo, Also: Mundgod, India: Drepung Gomang Library, English translation (entire root text and edited portions of the autocommentary and Nga-wangpel-den s Annotations): Jeffrey Hopkins. Maps of the Profound: Jam-yang-shay-ba s Great Exposition of Buddhist and Non-Buddhist Views on the Nature of Reality. Ithaca, N.Y.: Snow Lion Publications, 2003.

58 56 參考書目 English translation (beginning of the chapter on the Consequence School): Jeffrey Hopkins. Meditation on Emptiness, London: Wisdom Publications, 1983; rev. ed., Boston: Wisdom Publications, English translation of root text with Losang Gonchok s commentary: Daniel Cozort and Craig Preston. Buddhist Philosophy: Losang Gonchok's Short Commentary to Jamyang Shayba's Root Text on Tenets. Ithaca, N.Y.: Snow Lion Publications, Translation of the section of the distinctive tenets of the Consequence School: Daniel Cozort, Unique Tenets of the Middle Way Consequence School (Ithaca, N.Y.: Snow Lion, 1998). Great Exposition of the Middle / Decisive Analysis of (Chandrakīrti s) Supplement to (Nāgārjuna s) Treatise on the Middle : Treasury of Scripture and Reasoning, Thoroughly Illuminating the Profound Meaning [of Emptiness], Entrance for the Fortunate dbu ma chen mo / dbu ma jug pa i mtha dpyod lung rigs gter mdzod zab don kun gsal skal bzang jug ngogs Tibetan editions: Collected Works of Jam-dbyaṅs-bźad-pa i-rdo-rje, vol. 9 (entire). New Delhi: Ngawang Gelek Demo, Buxaduor, India: Gomang, Translation of the section on the two truths: Guy M. Newland s Ph.D. thesis, The Two truths: a study of Mādhyamika philosophy as presented in the Monastic textbooks of the Ge-luk-ba order of Tibetan Buddhism. Jay-tsun Chö-kyi-gyal-tshan (se ra rje btsun chos kyi rgyal mtshan, ) Excellent Means Definitely Revealing the Eight Categories and Seventy Topics, the Topics of (Maitreya s) Treatise of Quintessential Instructions on the Perfection of Wisdom: Ornament for the Clear Realizations, the Stainless Oral Transmission of Jay-tsun-chö-kyi-gyal-tshan bstan bcos mngon par rtogs pa i rgyan gyi brjod bya dngos brgyad don bdun cu nges par byed pa i thabs dam pa rje btsun chos kyi rgyal mtshan gyi gsung rgyun dri ma med pa Indian block-print, n.d. dngos po brgyad don bdun cu i rnam gzhag. In don bdun cu dang sa lam sogs nyer mkho'i skor phyogs bsgrigs bzhugs so: kan su'u, China: mi rigs dpe skrun khang, Rje btsun pa i Don bdun cu: An Introduction to the Abhisamayālaṅkāra Edited with Introduction by Shunzō Onoda Kyoto, Japan: The Association of Indian and Buddhist Studies, Nagoya University, Khay-drub-ge-leg-pal-sang (mkhas grub dge legs dpal bzang, ) Extensive Explanation of (Dharmakīrti s) Commentary on (Dignāga s) Compilation of Prime Cognition : Ocean of Reasoning tshad ma rnam 'grel gyi rgya cher bshad pa rigs pa'i rgya mtsho TBRC W1KG10279, vol. 10 (tha), : pdf of bla brang bkra shis 'khyil par khang edition, 199? Kön-chog-jig-may-wang-po (dkon mchog jigs med dbang po, ) Condensed Presentation of the Eight Categories and Seventy Topics dngos brgyad don bdun cu i rnam bzhag bsdus pa Collected Works of dkon-mchog- jigs-med-dbang-po, vol. 6. New Delhi: Ngawang Gelek Demo, Precious Garland of Tenets / Presentation of Tenets: A Precious Garland grub pa i mtha i rnam par bzhag pa rin po che i phreng ba Tibetan: K. Mimaki. Le Grub mtha rnam bzhag rin chen phreṅ ba de dkon mchog jigs med dbaṅ po ( ), Zinbun [The Research Institute for Humanistic Studies, Kyoto University], 14 (1977): Also, Collected Works of dkon-mchog- jigs-med-dbaṅ-po, vol. 6, New Delhi: Ngawang Gelek Demo, Also: Xylograph in thirty-two folios from the Lessing collection of the rare book section of the University of Wisconsin Library, which is item 47 in Leonard Zwilling. Tibetan Blockprints in the Department of Rare Books and Special Collections. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin-Madison Libraries, Also:

59 參考書目 57 Mundgod, India: blo gsal gling Press, Also: Dharmsala, India: Tibetan Cultural Printing Press, Also: Dharmsala, India: Teaching Training, n.d. Also: A blockprint edition in twenty-eight folios obtained in 1987 from Go-mang College in Hla-sa, printed on blocks that predate the Cultural Revolution. English translation: Geshe Lhundup Sopa and Jeffrey Hopkins. Practice and Theory of Tibetan Buddhism, New York: Grove, 1976; rev. ed., Cutting through Appearances: Practice and Theory of Tibetan Buddhism, Ithaca, N.Y.: Snow Lion Publications, Also: H. V. Guenther. Buddhist Philosophy in Theory and Practice. Baltimore, Md.: Penguin, Also, the chapters on the Autonomy School and the Consequence School: Shōtarō Iida. Reason and Emptiness, Tokyo: Hokuseido, Presentation of the Grounds and Paths: Beautiful Ornament of the Three Vehicles sa lam gyi rnam bzhag theg gsum mdzes rgyan Collected Works of dkon-mchog- jigs-med-dbaṅ-po, vol. 7. New Delhi: Ngawang Gelek Demo, English translation: Elizabeth Napper. Kön-chog-jig-may-wang-po s Presentation of the Grounds and Paths: Beautiful Ornament of the Three Vehicles, With Commentary by Danma-lo-chö. UMA Institute for Tibetan Studies, 2013: downloadable at: Thorough Expression of the Natures of the One Hundred Seventy-Three Aspects of the Three Exalted Knowers: White Lotus Vine of Eloquence mkhyen gsum gyi rnam pa brgya dang don gsum gyi rang bzhin yang dag par brjod pa legs bshad padma dkar po i khri shing Tibetan editions: Collected Works of dkon-mchog- jigs-med-dbang-po, vol. 6. New Delhi, India: Ngawang Gelek Demo, In gsung 'bum/ dkon mchog 'jigs med dbang po (bla brang par ma). TBRC W2122.6: , which is a PDF of: bla brang bkra shis 'khyil, Tibet: bla brang dgon pa, Kumārashrībhadra Summary of (Maitreya s) Perfection of Wisdom prajñāpāramitāpiṇḍārtha shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa'i don bsdus pa Peking 5195, vol. 91; sde dge 3797, vol. nya Long-döl Ngag-wang-lo-sang (klong rdol ngag dbang blo bzang, ) Vocabulary Occurring in the Perfection of Wisdom phar phyin las byung ba i ming gi rnam grangs Tibetan editions: Collected Works, Śata-Piṭaka Series, vol New Delhi, India: International Academy of Indian Culture, TBRC W87: , which is a PDF of: khreng tu'u, China: [s.n.], [199-]. Lo-sang-chö-kyi-gyal-tshan (blo bzang chos kyi rgyal mtshan, ) Explanation of the First Category in the Ocean of Good Explanation Illuminating the Essence of the Essence of (Maitreya s) Treatise of Quintessential Instructions on the Perfection of Wisdom: Ornament for the Clear Realizations shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa'i man ngag gi bstan bcos mngon par rtogs pa'i rgyan gyi snying po'i snying po gsal bar legs par bshad pa'i rgya mtsho las skabs dang po'i rnam par bshad pa Tibetan editions: Collected Works, vol. 4. New Delhi, India: Mongolian Lama Gurudeva, TBRC W : , which is a PDF of: New Delhi, India: Mongolian Lama Gurudeva, Maitreya (byams pa) Ornament for the Clear Realizations/ Treatise of Quintessential Instructions on the Perfection of Wisdom, Ornament for the Clear Realizations abhisamayālaṃkāra/ abhisamayālaṁkāra-nāma-prajñāpāramitopadeśaśāstrakārikā

60 58 參考書目 mngon par rtogs pa i rgyan/ shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa'i man ngag gi bstan bcos mngon par rtogs pa'i rgyan shes bya ba'i tshig le'ur byas pa Sanskrit editions: Amano, Kōei. A study on the Abhisamaya-alaṃkāra-kārikā-śāstra-vṛtti. Rev. ed. Yanai City, Japan: Rokoku Bunko, Stcherbatsky, Theodore and Eugène Obermiller, eds. Abhisamayālaṅkāra-Prajñāpāramitā- Upadeśa-śāstra: The Work of Bodhisattva Maitreya. Bibliotheca Indo-Buddhica Series. Reprint ed. Delhi, India: Sri Satguru Publications, Tibetan editions: Asian Classics Input Project, co ne: TBRC W1GS : 5-30, which is a PDF of: Co ne dgon chen: co ne, dpe bsdur ma: vol. 49: Beijing, China: Krung go'i bod rig pa'i dpe skrun khang, Peking 5184, vol. 88 (śer-phyin, I): 1-15a.8. Tokyo; Kyoto, Japan: Tibetan Tripitaka Research Institute, snar thang: TBRC W : 5-30, which is a PDF of: Narthang: s. n., 1800?. sde dge: TBRC W :3-28, which is a PDF of: Delhi: Karmapae Choedhey, Gyalwae sungrab partun khang, English translations: Brunnhölzl, Karl. Gone Beyond: The Prajñāpāramitā Sūtras, The Ornament of Clear Realization, and its Commentaries in the Tibetan Kagyü tradition. The Tsadra Foundation series. 2 vols. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications, Groundless Paths: The Prajñāpāramitā Sūtras, The Ornament of Clear Realization, and Its Commentaries in the Tibetan Nyingma Tradition. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications, Conze, Edward. Abhisamayālaṅkāra: Introduction and Translation from Original Text with Sanskrit-Tibetan Index. Roma, Italy: Is. M.E.O., Sparham, Gareth. Āryavimuktisena, Maitreyanātha, and Haribhadra. Abhisamayālaṃkāra with Vṛtti and Ālokā. 4 vols. Fremont, CA: Jain Publishing Company., Golden Garland of Eloquence: legs bshad gser phreng, 4 vols. Fremont, CA: Jain Publishing Company, Ornament for the Great Vehicle Sūtras mahāyānasūtrālaṃkāra theg pa chen po i mdo sde rgyan gyi tshig le ur byas pa Peking 5521, vol. 108; Dharma vol. 77 Tibetan edition: sde dge: TBRC W : 3-80, which is a PDF of: Delhi: Karmapae choedhey, Gyalwae sungrab partun khang, Sanskrit edition: Sitansusekhar Bagchi. Mahāyāna-Sūtrālaṃkāraḥ of Asaṅga [with Vasubandhu s commentary]. Buddhist Sanskrit Texts 13. Darbhanga, India: Mithila Institute, Sanskrit text and translation into French: Sylvain Lévi. Mahāyānasūtrālaṃkāra, exposé de la doctrine du grand véhicule selon le système Yogācāra. 2 vols. Paris: Bibliothèque de l École des Hautes Études, 1907, Nāgārjuna (klu sgrub, first to second century, C.E.) Precious Garland of Advice for the King rājaparikathāratnāvalī rgyal po la gtam bya ba rin po che i phreng ba Peking 5658, vol. 129; Dharma vol. 93 Sanskrit, Tibetan, and Chinese: Michael Hahn. Nāgārjuna s Ratnāvalī. vol. 1. The Basic Texts (Sanskrit, Tibetan, and Chinese). Bonn: Indica et Tibetica Verlag, English translations: Jeffrey Hopkins. Nāgārjuna s Precious Garland: Buddhist Advice for Living and Liberation,

61 參考書目 Ithaca, New York: Snow Lion Publications, Supersedes that in: Nāgārjuna and the Seventh Dalai Lama. The Precious Garland and the Song of the Four Mindfulnesses, translated by Jeffrey Hopkins, London: George Allen and Unwin, 1975; New York: Harper and Row, 1975; reprint, in H.H. the Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso. The Buddhism of Tibet. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1983; reprint, Ithaca, New York: Snow Lion Publications, John Dunne and Sara McClintock. The Precious Garland: An Epistle to a King. Boston: Wisdom Publications, Of 223 stanzas (chap. 1, 1-77; chap. 2, 1-46; chap. 4, 1-100): Giuseppe Tucci. The Ratnāvalī of Nāgārjuna. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (1934): ; (1936): , Japanese translation: Uryūzu Ryushin. Butten II, Sekai Koten Bungaku Zenshu, 7 (July, 1965): Edited by Nakamura Hajime. Tokyo: Chikuma Shobō. Also: Uryūzu Ryushin. Daijō Butten, 14 (1974): Ryūju Ronshū. Edited by Kajiyama Yuichi and Uryūzu Ryushin. Tokyo: Chūōkōronsha. Danish translation: Christian Lindtner. Nagarjuna, Juvelkaeden og andre skrifter. Copenhagen: Ngag-wang-pal-dan (ngag dbang dpal ldan, b. 1797), also known as Pal-dan-chö-jay (dpal ldan chos rje) Explanation of (Maitreya s) Treatise Ornament for the Clear Realizations from the Approach of the Meaning of the Words: Sacred Word of Maitreyanātha bstan bcos mngon par rtogs pa i rgyan tshig don gyi sgo nas bshad pa byams mgon zhal lung TBRC W5926-3: , which is a PDF of: Delhi: Mongolian Lama Gurudeva, Paṇ-chen Sö-nam-drag-pa (paṇ chen bsod nams grags pa, ) General-Meaning Commentary on the Perfection of Wisdom/ Good Explanation of the Meaning of (Gyal-tshab s) Explanation Illuminating the Meaning of the Commentaries on (Maitreya s) Treatise of Quintessential Instructions on the Perfection of Wisdom, Ornament for the Clear Realizations : Ornament for the Essence : Lamp Illuminating the Meaning of the Mother phar phyin spyi don/ shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa i man ngag gi bstan bcos mngon par rtogs pa i rgyan grel pa dang bcas pa i rnam bshad snying po rgyan gyi don legs par bshad pa yum don gsal ba i sgron me Buxaduor: Nang bstan shes rig dzin skyong slob gnyer khang, Prajñākaramati (shes rab 'byung gnas blo gros, ) Summary of (Haribhadra s) Commentary on (Maitreya s) Ornament for the Clear Realizations abhisamayālaṃkāravṛittipiṇḍārtha mngon par rtogs pa'i rgyan gyi 'grel pa'i bsdus don Peking 5193, vol. 91; sde dge 3795, vol. ja Ratnākarashānti (rin chen byung gnas zhi ba) Commentary on the Difficult Points of the Eight Thousand Stanza Perfection of Wisdom Sūtra : The Supreme Essence ārya-aṣṭasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitāpañjikāsārottamā phags pa shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa brgyad stong pa'i dka' 'grel snying po mchog Peking 5200, vol. 92; sde dge 3803, vol. tha Pure Commentary on (Maitreya s) Ornament for the Clear Realizations abhisamayālaṃkārakārikāvṛittiśuddhamatīnāma mngon par rtogs pa'i rgyan gyi 'grel pa'i tshig le'ur byas pa'i 'grel pa dag ldan Peking 5199, vol. 91; sde dge 3801, vol. ta Quintessential Instructions on the Perfection of Wisdom prajñāpāramitopadeśa shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa i man ngag Peking 5579, vol. 114; sde dge 4079, vol. hi Ratnakīrti Commentary on (Maitreya s) Ornament for the Clear Realizations : A Portion of Glory

62 60 參考書目 abhisamayālaṃkāravṛittikīrtikalānāma mngon par rtogs pa'i rgyan gyi 'grel pa grags pa'i cha Peking 5197, vol. 91; sde dge 3799, vol. nya Shāntideva (zhi ba lha, eighth century) Compendium of Instructions śikṣāsamuccaya bslab pa kun las btus pa Peking 5272, vol. 102; sde dge 3940, vol. khi English Translation: C. Bendall and W.H.D. Rouse. Śikṣā Samuccaya. Delhi: Motilal, Edited Sanskrit: Cecil Bendall. Çikshāsamuccaya: A Compendium of Buddhistic Teaching. Bibliotheca Buddhica 1. Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio Verlag, Engaging in the Bodhisattva Deeds bodhi[sattva]caryāvatāra byang chub sems dpa i spyod pa la jug pa sde dge 3871, dbu ma, vol. la Sanskrit: P. L. Vaidya. Bodhicaryāvatāra. Buddhist Sanskrit Texts 12. Darbhanga, India: Mithila Institute, Sanskrit and Tibetan: Vidhushekara Bhattacharya. Bodhicaryāvatāra. Bibliotheca Indica, 280. Calcutta: Asiatic Society, Sanskrit and Tibetan with Hindi translation: Rāmaśaṃkara Tripāthī, ed. Bodhicaryāvatāra. Bauddha-Himālaya-Granthamālā, 8. Leh, Ladākh: Central Institute of Buddhist Studies, English translations: Stephen Batchelor. A Guide to the Bodhisattva s Way of Life. Dharmsala, India: Library of Tibetan Works and Archives, Marion Matics. Entering the Path of Enlightenment. New York: Macmillan, Kate Crosby and Andrew Skilton. The Bodhicaryāvatāra. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Padmakara Translation Group. The Way of the Bodhisattva. Boston: Shambhala, Vesna A. Wallace and B. Alan Wallace. A Guide to the Bodhisattva Way of Life. Ithaca, N.Y.: Snow Lion Publications, Contemporary commentary: H.H. the Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso. Transcendent Wisdom. Ithaca, N.Y.: Snow Lion Publications, H.H. the Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso. A Flash of Lightning in the Dark of the Night. Boston: Shambhala, Smṛtijñānakīrti Indicating Through Eight Concordant Meanings the Mother Perfection of Wisdom Taught Extensively in One Hundred Thousand, Taught in Medium Length in Twenty-five Thousand, and Taught in Brief in Eight Thousand [Stanzas] prajñāpāramitāmātṛikāśatasāhasrikābṛhacchāsanapañcaviṃśatisāhasrikāmadhyaśāsanāṣṭādaśasāhasrikālaghuśāsanāṣṭasamānārthaśāsana yum shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa brgyas par bstan pa 'bum dang 'bring du bstan pa nyi khri lnga stong dang bsdus te bstan pa khri brgyad stong pa rnams mthun par don brgyad kyis bstan pa Peking 5187, vol. 88; sde dge 3789, vol. kha Tsong-kha-pa Lo-sang-drag-pa (tsong kha pa blo bzang grags pa, ) Extensive Explanation of (Chandrakīrti s) Supplement to (Nāgārjuna s) Treatise on the Middle : Illumination of the Thought dbu ma la jug pa i rgya cher bshad pa dgongs pa rab gsal Peking 6143, vol Also: Dharmsala, India: Tibetan Cultural Printing Press, n.d. Also: Sarnath, India: Pleasure of Elegant Sayings Press, Also: Delhi: Ngawang Gelek, 1975.

63 參考書目 61 Also: Delhi: Guru Deva, English translation (chaps. 1-5): Jeffrey Hopkins. Compassion in Tibetan Buddhism, Ithaca, N.Y.: Snow Lion Publications, 1980; the portion of the book that is Tsong-kha-pa s Illumination of the Thought (chapters 1-5) is downloadable at: English translation (chap. 6, stanzas 1-7): Jeffrey Hopkins and Anne C. Klein. Path to the Middle: Madhyamaka Philosophy in Tibet: The Oral Scholarship of Kensur Yeshay Tupden, by Anne C. Klein, , Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, Golden Garland of Eloquence / Extensive Explanation of (Maitreya s) Treatise of Quintessential Instructions on the Perfection of Wisdom: Ornament for the Clear Realizations as Well as Its Commentaries: Golden Garland of Eloquence legs bshad gser phreng / shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa i man ngag gi bstan bcos mngon par rtogs pa i rgyan grel pa dang bcas pa i rgya cher bshad pa legs bshad gser gyi phreng ba Tibetan editions: In gsung 'bum/ tsong kha pa (bkra shis lhun po par rnying). New Delhi, India: Ngawang Gelek Demo, TBRC W , which is a PDF of: gedan sungrab minyam gyunphel series (Ngawang Gelek Demo), English translation: Sparham, Gareth. Golden Garland of Eloquence: legs bshad gser phreng, 4 vols. Fremont, CA: Jain Publishing Company, Great Exposition of Secret Mantra / The Stages of the Path to a Conqueror and Pervasive Master, a Great Vajradhara: Revealing All Secret Topics sngags rim chen mo / rgyal ba khyab bdag rdo rje chang chen po i lam gyi rim pa gsang ba kun gyi gnad rnam par phye ba Peking 6210, vol Also: Delhi: Ngawang Gelek, Also: Delhi: Guru Deva, English translation (chap. 1): H.H. the Dalai Lama, Tsong-kha-pa, and Jeffrey Hopkins. Tantra in Tibet. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1977; reprint, with minor corrections, Ithaca, N.Y.: Snow Lion Publications, English translation (chaps. 2-3): H.H. the Dalai Lama, Tsong-kha-pa, and Jeffrey Hopkins. The Yoga of Tibet. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1981; reprinted as Deity Yoga. Ithaca, N.Y.: Snow Lion Publications, English translation (chap. 4): H.H. the Dalai Lama, Dzong-ka-ba, and Jeffrey Hopkins. Yoga Tantra: Paths to Magical Feats. Ithaca, N.Y.: Snow Lion Publications, Great Exposition of the Stages of the Path / Stages of the Path to Enlightenment Thoroughly Teaching All the Stages of Practice of the Three Types of Beings lam rim chen mo / skyes bu gsum gyi nyams su blang ba i rim pa thams cad tshang bar ston pa i byang chub lam gyi rim pa Peking 6001, vol Also: Dharmsala, India: Tibetan Cultural Printing Press, Also: Delhi: Ngawang Gelek, Also: Delhi: Guru Deva, Edited Tibetan: Tsultrim Kelsang Khangkar. The Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path to Enlightenment (Lam Rim Chen Mo). Japanese and Tibetan Buddhist Culture Series, 6. Kyoto: Tibetan Buddhist Culture Association, English translation: Lamrim Chenmo Translation Committee. The Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path to Enlightenment. 3 vols. Joshua W.C. Cutler, editor-in-chief, Guy Newland, editor. Ithaca, N.Y.: Snow Lion Publications, English translation of the part on the excessively broad object of negation: Elizabeth Napper. Dependent-Arising and Emptiness, London: Wisdom Publications, English translation of the part on the excessively narrow object of negation: William Magee. The Nature of Things: Emptiness and Essence in the Geluk World, Ithaca, N.Y.: Snow Lion Publications, English translation of the parts on calm abiding and special insight: Alex Wayman. Calming the Mind and Discerning the Real, New York: Columbia University Press, 1978; reprint, New Delhi, Motilal Banarsidass, 1979.

64 62 參考書目 Medium-Length Exposition of the Stages of the Path to Enlightenment to be Practiced by Beings of the Three Capacities / Medium-Length Exposition of the Stages of the Path to Enlightenment to be Practiced by Beings of the Three Capacities together with an Outline / Short Exposition of the Stages of the Path to Enlightenment skyes bu gsum gyis nyams su blang ba i byang chub lam gyi rim pa / skyes bu gsum gyi nyams su blang ba i byang chub lam gyi rim pa bring po sa bcad kha skong dang bcas pa / lam rim bring / lam rim chung ngu Tibetan editions: Mundgod, India: dga ldan shar rtse, n.d. (includes outline of topics by Trijang Rinbochay). Bylakuppe, India: Sera Je Library, 1999 (includes outline of topics by Trijang Rinbochay). Peking 6002, vol Dharmsala, India: Tibetan Cultural Printing Press, Delhi: Ngawang Gelek, Also: Delhi: Guru Deva, English translation of the section on special insight: Jeffrey Hopkins. In Tsong-kha-pa s Final Exposition of Wisdom. Ithaca, N.Y.: Snow Lion Publications, Robert Thurman. The Middle Transcendent Insight. Life and Teachings of Tsong Khapa, Dharmsala, India: Library of Tibetan Works and Archives, Edited Tibetan text and Japanese translation of the section on special insight: Tsultrim Kelsang Khangkar and Takada Yorihito. A Study of Tsong khapa s Mādhyamika Philosophy 1: Annotated Japanese translation of the Vipaśyanā Section of Medium Exposition of the Stages of the Path (Lam rim). Tsong kha pa chuugan tetsugaku no kenkyuu 1, Bodaidousidairon chuuhen, kan no shou: wayaku, Tsultrim Kelsang Khangkar and Takada Yorihito, Kyoto: Buneido, Japanese translation: Tsultrim Kelsang Khangkar and Takashi Rujinaka. The Treatise on the Stages of the Path to Enlightenment by rje Tsong kha pa: An Annotated Japanese Translation of Byang chub Lam rim chung ba. Kyoto: Unio Corporation, Vasubandhu (dbyig gnyen, fl. 360) Treasury of Manifest Knowledge abhidharmakośa chos mngon pa i mdzod Peking 5590, vol. 115 Sanskrit: Swami Dwarikadas Shastri. Abhidharmakośa and Bhāṣya of Ācārya Vasubandhu with Sphuṭārtha Commentary of Ācārya Yaśomitra. Bauddha Bharati Series, 5. Banaras: Bauddha Bharati, Also: P. Pradhan. Abhidharmakośabhāṣyam of Vasubandhu. Patna, India: Jayaswal Research Institute, French translation: Louis de La Vallée Poussin. L Abhidharmakośa de Vasubandhu. 6 vols. Brussels: Institut Belge des Hautes Études Chinoises, English translation of the French: Leo M. Pruden. Abhidharmakośabhāṣyam. 4 vols. Berkeley, Calif.: Asian Humanities Press, Ye-shay-gyal-tshan (tshe mchog gling ye shes rgyal mtshan, ) Quintessential Instructions Clearly Teaching the Essentials of (Tsong-kha-pa s) Stages of the Path to Enlightenment, Correlating the Eight Thousand Stanza Perfection of Wisdom Sūtra with (Maitreya s) Ornament for Clear Realization : Lamp Illuminating the Perfection of Wisdom sher phyin stong phrag brgyad pa dang mngon rtogs rgyan sbyar te byang chub lam gyi rim pa i gnad rnams gsal bar ston pa i man ngag sher phyin gsal ba i sgron me Tibetan editions: Tshe-chog-ling Collected Works, vol. 7. New Delhi, India: Tibet House, TBRC W1022.7: 8-174, which is a PDF of: New Delhi, India: Tibet House, 1975.

65 參考書目 其他 Amano, Kōei. A study on the Abhisamaya-alaṃkāra-kārikā-śāstra-vṛtti. Rev. ed. Yanai City, Japan: Rokoku Bunko, Bastian, Edward Winslow. Mahāyāna Buddhist Religious Practice and the Perfection of Wisdom: According to the Abhisamayālaṃkāra and the Pañcavimśatisāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā: (The Interpretation of the First Two Topics by Haribhadra, Rgyal-Tshab Dar-Ma-Rin-Chen, and Rje- Btsun Chos-Kyi Rgyal-Mtshan. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms International, Brunnhölzl, Karl. Gone Beyond: The Prajñāpāramitā Sūtras, The Ornament of Clear Realization, and its Commentaries in the Tibetan Kagyü Tradition. The Tsadra Foundation series. 2 vols. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications, Groundless Paths: The Prajñāpāramitā Sūtras, The Ornament of Clear Realization, and Its Commentaries in the Tibetan Nyingma Tradition. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications, Conze, Edward. Abhisamayālaṅkāra: Introduction and Translation from Original Text with Sanskrit- Tibetan Index. Roma, Italy: Is. M.E.O., The Gilgit manuscript of the Aṣṭādaśasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā: Chapters 55 to 70 corresponding to the 5th Abhisamaya. Roma, Italy: Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, The Large Sūtra on Perfect Wisdom, with the Divisions of the Abhisamayālaṅkāra. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, The Perfection of Wisdom in Eight Thousand Lines & Its Verse Summary. Bolinas, Calif.: Four Seasons Foundation, Dhargey, Geshe Ngawang. A Short Biography in Life and Teachings of Tsong Khapa, ed. Robert A. F. Thurman. Dharmsala: Library of Tibetan Works and Archives, H.H. the Dalai Lama, Tsong-kha-pa, and Jeffrey Hopkins. Tantra in Tibet. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1977; reprint, with minor corrections, Ithaca, N.Y.: Snow Lion Publications, Hopkins, Jeffrey. Extracts from (Si-tu Paṇ-chen Chö-kyi-jung-nay s) Explanation of (Tön-mi Sambhoṭa s) The Thirty. Unpublished.. Meditation on Emptiness. London: Wisdom Publications, 1983; rev. ed., Boston, Ma.: Wisdom Publications, Maps of the Profound: Jam-yang-shay-ba s Great Exposition of Buddhist and Non-Buddhist Views on the Nature of Reality. Ithaca, N.Y.: Snow Lion Publications, Nāgārjuna s Precious Garland: Buddhist Advice for Living and Liberation. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications, Hopkins, Jeffrey, and Elizabeth Napper. Grammar Summaries for Tibetan. Unpublished. Maher, Derek F. Knowledge and Authority in Tibetan Middle Way Schools of Buddhism: A Study of the Gelukba (dge lugs pa) Epistemology of Jamyang Shayba ('jam dbyangs bzhad pa) In Its Historical Context. Ph.D. diss., University of Virginia, Napper, Elizabeth. Kön-chog-jig-may-wang-po s Presentation of the Grounds and Paths with Denma Locho s Commentary. UMA Institute for Tibetan Studies, 2013; downloadable free online at: Obermiller, Eugène. Analysis of the Abhisamayālaṃkāra (Fasc. 1). Calcutta Oriental Series No. 27. London: Luzac & Co., Reprint ed. Fremont, CA: Asian Humanities Press, Sopa, Geshe Lhundup, and Jeffrey Hopkins. Cutting through Appearances: The Practice and Theory of Tibetan Buddhism. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications, Sparham, Gareth. Maitreyanātha, Āryavimuktisena, and Haribhadra. Abhisamayālaṃkāra with Vṛtti and Ālokā. 4 vols. Fremont, CA: Jain Publishing Company., Detailed Explanation of the Ornament and Brief Called Golden Garland of Eloquence by Tsong kha pa, 4 vols. Fremont, CA: Jain Publishing Company, Stcherbatsky, Theodore and Eugène Obermiller, eds. Abhisamayālaṅkāra-Prajñāpāramitā-Upadeśaśāstra: The Work of Bodhisattva Maitreya. Bibliotheca Buddhica 23. Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio Verlag, Reprint ed. Delhi, India: Sri Satguru Publications, 1992.

66 64 參考書目 Tsong-kha-pa, Kensur Lekden, and Jeffrey Hopkins. Compassion in Tibetan Buddhism. London: Rider, 1980; reprint, Ithaca, N.Y.: Snow Lion Publications, Available free online at Zahler, Leah. Study and Practice of Meditation: Tibetan Interpretations of the Concentrations and Formless Absorptions. Ithaca, N.Y.: Snow Lion Publications, 2009.