2 Putnam

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "2 Putnam"

战绶怀
7 years ago
Views:

1 J. of Jiangsu Normal Uni. Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition Vol. 39 No. 2 Mar * 以周寿臣与晚清留美幼童为例 ( 香港大学香港人文社会研究所亚洲研究中心, 香港 ) 社会资本 ; 人脉网络 ; 周寿臣 ; 留美幼童作为一种深具影响力的分析框架, 社会资本理论近年来被研究者广泛运用与肉眼能见易于计算的经济资本不同, 像人际关系商业网络或社会联系之类的社会资本, 则既抽象又不易被人察觉虽然如此, 社会资本有助于强化彼此合作, 或是可以减低交易成本的作用却十分明显周寿臣和晚清留美幼童之间的紧密联系, 正好说明社会资本的建立积累深化和传递, 让人看到资本在某些关键时刻或特殊事件上所发挥的巨大作用其中三个层面或例子可以作为说明 : ( 一 ) 1881 年, 当周寿臣因未事先知会上司而擅自离开天津后被上海道台扣押时, 如无留美幼童的及时援救, 他应不可能摆脱牢狱之灾, 更不可能获得转赴当时仍属清朝藩属的朝鲜任事的较好工作机会 ( 二 ) 年在朝鲜任职期间, 周寿臣与其他留美幼童合作无间, 协助袁世凯有效管治朝鲜大小事务, 令袁氏印象深刻到袁世凯大权在握时, 周寿臣和幼童们自然深受器重与信任, 获委以要职 ( 三 ) 退休返乡后, 周寿臣仍与留美幼童们保持紧密联系, 无论大小事务, 每当有需要时总会给予大力协助 K252; F A ( 2013) * Ref. No Ref. No. RG P - 10

2 2 Putnam

3 ( 在美 ) 首数年, 各情况甚好但惜为时未久, 而清政府委派吴姓翰林继任管理专人其人特别守旧彼指学生玩美国球类太多, 习染美国生活方式, 除非立即回, 否则发起革命云云 [12]

4 查得习学洋务之学生周长麟 ( 音误, 应是周长龄 ) 林沛泉, 私自趁搭重庆轮来沪, 因特移文上海道宪邵观察, 请札饬地方官, 派官差俟该轮船抵沪, 即将该生等提案, 以便核办等 [15] 移提洋务学生周长龄 ( 原来的误译已改回正名 ) 林沛泉二人盖前曾驻沪之德国副领事穆君麟德, 现任高丽税务司, 在津时商请李傅相, 派熟悉海关事务之学生二名, 往高办事, 俟穆君到高后, 再行函请该学生乘轮赴高, 嗣由李傅相派周林二学生该学生等以远赴高丽不如在津供职之便, 是以告假回据周长龄供, 粤省新安县人, 年二十五岁, 自幼出洋至美国, 学习语言文字回华后至天津, 由李傅相 ( 即李鸿章 ) 派我与林沛泉在津海关办理捐务, 每月薪水银十五两去腊告假回籍四个月, 今年三月假满回津, 则海关已另用他人, 祇给我与林每月饭食银三两俟有缺再补, 迄今已有四五月, 然我等为饥所驱, 远涉重洋既得回华, 祇有每月三两银之饭食, 其如之能敷衍何? 故同林至李傅相所设医院内之林姓处躭搁, 择日乘轮到沪, 林亦系同时出洋之友 [16] 粤迨假满回津, 而海关差使已经另派别人, 穆君之信亦未到来, 致赋闲居, 每月祇得饭资银三两, 殊难敷衍, 不得已而来沪, 遭拘后, 由邵观察接到津海关道周观察来文, 知己接到高丽税务司穆君函, 请该学生赴高等语, 遂着该生等搭船前往, 每月可得薪水银四十两, 该学生等早已转忧为喜云 [17]

8 45 1 Bourdieu P The forms of capital in J. G. Richardson ed. Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education pp New York Greenwood Press. 2 Williamson O. E Markets and Hierarchies Analysis and Implications. New York Free Press. 3 Putnam R. D Bowling Alone The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York Simon and Schuster. 4 Coleman J. S Foundations of Social Theory. Cambridge Harvard University Press. pp Fukuyama F Trust The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity. London Hamish Hamilton. 6 Granovetter M The strength of weak ties American Journal of Sociology Vol. 78 pp

9 34 Kotewall R. H Kotewall Report The Strike of HK- PRO RID - BK Hinners D. G Tong Shao - yi and His Family A Saga of Two Countries and Three Generations. Lanham University Press of America. 32 Lafargue T. E China s First Hundred Educational Mission Students in the United States Pullman Washington State University Press Qualitative Research Practice pp London Sage Rosenthal G Biographical research in C. Seale ed A Discussion on Social Capital The Case of Shouson Chow and the Chinese Education Mission Students Zheng and Charles W. Chow Hongkong Institute of Asian Research Center for Humanities and Social the University of Hongkong Hongkong Key Words social capital personal network Chinese education mission Abstract As one of the influential analytical frameworks social capital theory has become increasingly popular in different disciplines. Unlike economic capital which is visible and easy to calculate social capital including personal ties business network and social connection is intangible and abstract. Notwithstanding this its function in facilitating cooperation or reducing transaction cost is obvious. Shouson Chow's life-long connection with other Chinese Education Mission's CEM students is a good case which can illustrate how social capital is formed accumulated substantiated mobilized and transmitted for different purposes in solving certain specific problem in critical moment. The following incidents can broaden our understanding in this matter 1 In 1881 Shouson Chow was detained in Shanghai by the Taotai administering official because he left Tianjin without noticing his senior official. If without the rescue of the CEM old boys he seemed could not be able to leave the prison and let alone have a good offer to work in Korea a tributary state of Qing. 2 During his station in Korea from 1881 to 1894 Shouson Chow worked well with other CEM old boys in assisting Yuan Shikai administering Korea which high praise and credit were given. As such when Yuan was in greater power Chow and other CEM old boys not only got his high trust but were assigned to more important positions. 3 After retiring Hong Kong Shouson Chow still kept close contact with the CEM old boys and always ready to offer unfailing assistant whenever needed. 15

227次双周：柯荣柱提要和全文.doc

227次双周：柯荣柱提要和全文.doc 1 * Trust in China: A Cross-regional Analysis * 1 1993 2 100 100 2 Putnam,1993 1998Knack & Keefer,1997 3 20 1998 4 Putnam,1993,1995; 1998; Colman,1988,1995 Social capital Kreps 1986 Fudenberg & Tirole1992