An Analysis of Power and Action in the Context of Local Development: A Comparison of Governmentality and Actor- Network Theory 1 Chen-Jai Lee 2, Ben-C

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1 Journal of Taiwan Land Research Vol. 13, No.1 pp. 95~ 摘要 governmentality actor-network theory 1 NSC H TEL audio@mail.ntpu.edu.tw 3 TEL ban@mail.ntpu.edu.tw 4 TEL shin@mail.ntpu.edu.tw 95

2 An Analysis of Power and Action in the Context of Local Development: A Comparison of Governmentality and Actor- Network Theory 1 Chen-Jai Lee 2, Ben-Chuan Liao 3, and Cheng-Hsin Dai 4 Abstract The un-equilibrium development in spatial dimension caused by globalization points attention to local development in recent years. Meanwhile, the uprising of neo-liberalism brings about a tremendous shift on the strategies for local development. That is, from local government to local governance and the occurrence of power restructuring between state and local. There are two main discourses, governmentality and actor-network theory (ANT), on the power restructuring between state and local in the context of local development. Both of them are empirically approved in western advanced nations, but not in less advanced nations. This study conducted two case studies on the application of the two discourses to the power operating of local development in Taiwan. The findings show that both of case can well explain the power operation of local development in Taiwan. However, Taiwan as a less advanced country cannot escape from the intervention of traditional political economy. Such intervention results in the distortion of local development, although the government attempts to control the local development by technologies of government. Keywords: Bai-Sha-Teun Setllement, Local Development, Actor-network Theory, Governmentality, Hsiang-Shan Wetland 1 We are grateful to the financial support by the National Science Council, R.O.C., under Grant No. NSC H ). 2 Professor, Department of Real Estate and Built Environment, National Taipei University, TEL: , audio@mail.ntpu.edu.tw. 3 Associate Professor, Department of Real Estate and Built Environment, National Taipei University, TEL: , ban@mail.ntpu.edu.tw. 4 Assistant, Department of Real Estate and Built Environment, National Taipei University, TEL: , shin@mail.ntpu.edu.tw. 96

3 Amin and Thrift, 1994 Jenkins, 2000 Knauder, 2000 Ray, 1999 Sharp et al., 2002 Parker, advanced western nations neo-foucauldian governmentality 2 constructivist actor-network theory ANT Woods, 1998 MacKinnon, 2000, 2002 Herbert-Cheshire, 2003 Uitermark, 2005 ANT governmentality the art and rationality of all forms of governance the rationalization of the principles of state government governmental rationality Gunn,

4 ANT 4 ANT ANT 1. 治理性的權力運作觀點 Taylor, 1998 Baradat, 2000 MacKinnon, 2000 neo-gramscian 4. A N T MacKinnon, 2000, 2002 Herbert-Cheshire, 2000, 2003 Higgins and Lockie, 2002 Herbert- Cheshire and Higgins, 2004 Burgess et al.,

5 governmetality governmental rationality techniques and rationalities of rule Foucault, 1991 Thompson, 2005 Michel Foucault conduct of conduct Burchell, 1996 Dean, 1999 Roy, 2009 Rose, 1996 Rose and Miller 1992 technologies of government abstract principles of rule 5 enclosures govern at a distance Rose, 1996 act at a distance Latour, 1987 Rose and Miller, 治理性在地方發展的應用 MacKinnon, 2000, 2002 Herbert-Cheshire, 2003 Herbert-Cheshire and Higgins, 2004 local government local governance Hoggett, 1996 MacKinnon, 2000 technologies of government 5. state process administrative governmentalized Foucault, 1991 Uitermark,

6 audit targeting financial controls Foucault, 1991 Clarke and Newman, 1997 MacKinnon, 2000, 2002 Latour 1987 MacKinnon, 2000, 2002 M u r d o c h, 1997a community inscription act upon Ward and McNicholas, 1998 Herbert-Cheshire, 2000 MacKinnon, 2002 Scheruich Herbert-Cheshire, 2003: 459 MacKinnon, 2002 Herbert-Cheshire, 2003 Herbert-Cheshire 2003 Herbert-Cheshire,

7 ANT 1. ANT 的權力觀點 ANT 1970 constractivist Latour 1983 Louis Pasteur Murdoch, 1997 Latour ANT 1. heterogeneous 2. translation Latour, 1983 Murdoch, 1997a Kortelainen, ANT identity ANT sociology of translation 2004 Burgess et al., 2000 Morris, 2004 Magnani and Struffi, 2009 Callon 1986 five moments of translation problematisation interessment enrolment mobilisation dissidence St. Brieuc Bay problematisation St. Brieuc Bay interessment enrolment mobilisation 101

8 actor actant Murdoch, 1997b 2. ANT 在地方發展中的應用 1990 Jessop, 1995 Clark and Murdoch, 1997 ANT Callon, 1986 Herbert-Cheshire, 2003 O'Malley, 1996 Law, 1986 O Malley 1996 dissidence Callon, 1986 Murdoch, 1997a Woods,

9 Herbert-Cheshire, 2003 ANT deconstructing of the powerful Murdoch, 2000 ANT ANT 2005 Zukin, 1980 ANT Marsden 1998 preserved countryside contested countryside paternalistic countryside clientelist countryside Marsden Cheshire 2009 ANT ANT ANT ANT ANT 103

10 a set of actions upon other action Gordon, 1991: 2 ANT 1. Gordon, 1991 Herbert-Cheshire, 2003 Murdoch, 1997b ANT ANT ANT ANT ANT 1 1a 1b 2. ANT Callon, 1986 ANT O Malley, 1996 Clark and Murdoch, 1997 ANT 104

11 1 ANT 2 2a 2b ANT ANT ANT 1. ANT 1 105

12 2 ANT 2 ANT ANT

13 4. ANT ANT 1 2 ANT ANT 7 7. H e r b e r t-c h e s h i r e 2003 Woomeroo Warmington ANT 107

14 ANT Marsden 第一階段 (1991~1994 年 ): 傳統統治模式 vs. 個別地方行動者

16 vs

17 2. 第二階段 (1995~2000): 地方行動者網絡形成與國家權力的解構 /9/

18 /7/ /7/

19 第三階段 (2000~2001): 初期治理性運作 vs. 地方行動者網絡的轉譯 /9/ /9/ /12/

20 vs

21 ANT 地方發展行動者網絡的組構與轉譯

22 5 vs

24 國家治理性的權力運作

27 ANT

28 7 ANT 1. 香山海埔地空間形塑 vs. vs

29 白沙屯社區營造 ANT 123

30 33 1. 權力大小 obligatory passage point 34 Callon, O Malley, Callon, 1986 Rodger et al., 2009 Callon

31 Murdoch, 權力運作方式

32 ANT ANT

33 ANT

34 ANT 2000 ANT ANT ANT Marsden 1998 Marsden

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