2000 6,, (NPM) ( Hood, 1991 ) ( Pollitt, 1993 ) (Lan, Zhiyon and Rosenbloom, 1992 ) (Barzelay, 1992 ) (Osborne and Gaebler, 1992 ),,,, 19 20, 70,, :,

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1 ,,,,,,,,, 1959,, 70 80,,, (New Public Management),,, (),,,,,, (O1Hughes) : 80,, ( ) (), 73

2 2000 6,, (NPM) ( Hood, 1991 ) ( Pollitt, 1993 ) (Lan, Zhiyon and Rosenbloom, 1992 ) (Barzelay, 1992 ) (Osborne and Gaebler, 1992 ),,,, 19 20, 70,, :, (),,,,, ;,,,,,,,, :, ( ) ; ; ;,,,,, ( ), 70 80,,, ;, ; ;,, () (), ( Owen Hughes, Public M anagement and A dminist ration : A n Int roduction (2 ed. ). Macmillan Press L TD., ST Martings Press, Inc., 1998, p. 1. Owen Hughes, Public M anagement and A dminist ration : A n Int roduction ( 2 nd ed. ). Macmillan Press, L TD., ST. Martings Press Inc., 1998, p. 1.

3 ),, ;,,,,, ( ) ;, ; 80 90,, ( )? : (C1Pollitt) :,, (C1C1Hood) : (1) ; (2) ; (3) ; (4) ; (5) ; (6) ; (7), () ; ; ;, (W1Rhodes), :, ; ; ; (OECD) 1995 : (1), ; (2) ; (3) ; (4) ; (5) ; (6) ; (7) ; (8), : 11,,,,,,,,, 21, ( ), ;, 31,, ;, 75

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6 2000 6,,,, ;,,,,,, 20 30,, () ( ),, ; ( ) ( ) ; ( ) (),,, : ;, ;, ;, ;,,,, ;, ; ;, ; ;,,,, : ( ) :, : :, 1996 See B1 Guy Peters, The Future of Governing : Four Emerging Models. University Press of Kassas, Lawreme, 78, 21 KS. 1996, pp

7 ,,,,, :, (L1Ashberner) ;,,,,, :,,,,, / ;,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, E( ), ( ),, Christopher Pollitt, M anagerialism and Public Service : The A nglo2a merican Ex perience. Oxford : Basic Blackwell, 1990, p

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11 ABSTRACTS feudal state power, Confucianism became an external authority that stifled mans initiative, prevent2 ed the fulfilment of man, and degenerated into the will of the rulers. This is the historical tragedy of Conf ucianism. However, t he humanistic spirit of Conf ucianism has consistently and st ubbornly ex2 pressed itself throughout Chinese history. We can see from the ups and downs of Confucianism in the 20th century that only when the feudal shackles are smashed will this tragedy come to an end, and the humanistic spirit of Confucianism play a positive role in the modern age. On the other hand, this hu2 manistic spirit needs to be integrated with the spirit of science, democracy and rule by law. (8) On the Western Paradigm ofnew Public Management Chen Zhenm i ng 73 Born along the tide of government reform in the West, a breakthrough has been made in Western research on public sector management at the turn of the century, with a transformation from the tradi2 tional public administration to the paradigm ofnew public management. This new public manage2 ment is both a new theoretical form in the field of research on government management, and a new model in the practice of government management in the contemporary West. In this article the author analyses t he formation and feat ures of t he paradigm of new public management, pointing out it s achievement s and problems. This work has important reference value for t he development of a market economy, the deepening of administrative restructuring, and the intellectual innovation of the disci2 plines of public management and administ rative management in China. (9) The Theory of American Exceptional ism and the Tradition of American Foreign Pol icy Zhou Qi 83 American foreign policy is imbued with idealism and a sense of mission. The basic reason for this is the theory of American exceptionalism within American political culture, that the American people are Gods chosen people, that they live in thepromised Land, and that their values of freedom and democracy should be extended to other parts of the world. This sense of mission is expressed today as t he pursuance of democracy and human right s t hroughout t he world. There have been two different approaches to making t heir values universally accepted : Setting an example and intervention. Since t he early 20th century, as Americas power expanded, this sense of mission has increasingly been com2 bined with a drive to become the world leader. (10) On the System and Classif ication of Human Rights X u Xianm i ng 95 The system and classification of human right s are important aspect s of human right s. There have been four major systems in t he 3002year history of human right s. Human right s in terms of conception and codes are not the same as human rights in reality, and the actual conditions of human rights in a country are demonstrated by the mechanisms for transforming human rights as declared in the Consti2 tution into a reality. The basic classifications of human rights consist of two types : theory and declara2 tion. Structural drawbacks in Chinas human rights system can be found by studying these classifica2 tions. In order to perfect t he human right s system, China must first formulate a basic attit ude towards human rights and the general principles for their protection, and reconstruct the existing human rights system, before the various human rights contained in the Constitution, the right to survival being the most f undamental, can become reality. 207

10 ( ) ( ) [5] 1978 : [1] (P13) [6] [1] (P217) [7] [1] (P19) : : [1] [4] (P1347) (P18) 1985 : [1] (P343) 1300 : [1] (P12) 1984 :

10 ( ) ( ) [5] 1978 : [1] (P13) [6] [1] (P217) [7] [1] (P19) : : [1] [4] (P1347) (P18) 1985 : [1] (P343) 1300 : [1] (P12) 1984 : 27 3 ( ) Vol.27 No.3 2010 5 Journal of Shenzhen University (Humanities & Social Sciences) May 2010 ( 518060) : ; : ; : ; ; ; ; : F 127.9 :A :1000-260X(2010)03-0009-13 30 [2] : [2] (P381) 1979 : : [3] :1978