運籌研究集刊第一期

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蜜淞吕
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2 An Application of the Grey Relational Analysis and Analysis Hierarchy Process to the Supplier Selection Problem Jung-Hsiang Yen Tzu-Ming Chang ABSTRACT In recent years, supply chain management has become an important task for many enterprises in order to improve their competitive advantage. To select the suitable suppliers and develop a long-term and corporative relationship with them is a very urgent topic for the supply chain management. Supplier selection involves three major issues that are to set the weights of evaluation factors, transform qualitative factors into quantitative factors and make an overall and objective evaluation. The latter two problems can be solved by grey relational analysis, but one of the difficulties in grey relational analysis is to set objective weights to determine grey relational grades. Nevertheless, the objective weights can be calculated using analysis hierarchy process. In this paper, a more objective supplier selection model is developed using grey relational analysis and analysis hierarchy process and then it is used to analyze the supplier selection of a chemical materials company. We believe that the above analytical framework of supplier selection will be helpful for enterprises to select the suitable suppliers to enhance its competition in the future. Keywords: grey relational analysis, analysis hierarchy process, supply chain management 16

3 3 Willis and Huston1990 Grey Relational Analysis 1989 Analysis Hierarchy ProcessAHP 17

4 1994 AHP AHP Belton & Gear AHP Fuzzy Number TOPSISTechnique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution 2000 AHP AHP

5 Narasimhan1983 Nydick Hill1992 AHP Weber Just-In-Time Barbarosoglu Yazgac AHP AHP 1 19

6 (C.I. C.R<=0.1 C.I.H.R.I.H. C.R.H<=

7 7 : 1 Factor Space PX Q PXQ PXQ x i {x 1 k,.,..,xk i }є Xk=1, 2,, n є N i= 0,1, 2,, m є IX x i 1 Nondimension x i (k 2 (Scaling x i x i (k 3 (Polarization PX 21

8 (0 0 * X (K min X (K X (K i i i = (0 (0 max X i min X i (K (0 * 0 max X X (K (K i (K X i i = (0 (0 max X i min X i (K Xi (K OB * X i (K 1 (0 max {max[x (K OB,OB min[x i (0 = X * i (K max X (0 i (K min X (0 i (K X (0 OB X (0 i (K i (u (0 i ]} є є 22

9 9 є Є Є ξ ξє n γ(x i, x j = Σ γ( x i (k, x j (k n (5 k=1 (5 n γ( x i, x j = Σ k γ( x i (k, x j (k (6 k=1 k k 1 k AHP 5 m x 0 (Grey Relational Ordinal {P(x } x 0 =( x 0 (k x i =( x i (k x j = ( x j (k k=1, 2, 3,..., n i, j=1, 2, 3,, m (x 0, x i (x 0, x j 23

10 x i x 0 x j x 0 0i > 0j x i x j APH Saaty C 1, C 2,, C n C i C j n n 7 A a ji = 1/a ij i, j=1, 2, 3,, n C i, C j W 1,W 2,,W n n C 1, C 2,, C n a ij W i / W j = a ij i, j=1, 2, 3,,n C 1 C 2 C n C 1 C 2 C n 1 a12... a1n W1 / W1 W1/ W2... W1/ Wn A= [ aij] = 1/ a a2n W2/ W1 W2/ W2... W2/ Wn = ( / a1n 1/ a2n... 1 Wn / W1 Wn / W2... Wn / Wn 2 A X nx A-n IX = 0 (8 24

11 11 X a ij W i /W j AX = nx Saaty1980 A max n max = n j= a ij 1 Wj Wi (9 A X A- max IX = 0 (10 3 Saaty1980 Consistence RatioC.R. : C.R.=C.I./R.I. (11 C.I. Consistence IndexC.I. C.I.= max-n/n-1 (12 R.I. (Random IndexR.I. 1 1 R.I R.I C.R.<=0.1 25

12 13 C.R.H. 0.1 C.R.H. = C.I.H. / R.I.H. n n C.I.H. = W ij Ui, j+ 1 j= 1i= 1 n n R.I.H. W ij Vi, j+ 1 j= 1i= 1 = W i j j i U i, j+1 j+1 j i V i, j+1 j+1 j i 3 AHP AIPAggregation Individual Priorities 26

13 13 27

14 2 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 28

15 15 2( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 29

17 17 3 A B C D E KX 1 X 2 X 3 X 4 X 5 (% (% / (/ (% ( (% (% ( / (% ( (%

18 32

19 19 5 ( X 0, X 5 ( X 0, X 1 ( X 0, X 3 ( X 0, X 4 ( X 0, X 2 EA CDB

20 4 A B C D E K X 1 X 2 X 3 X 4 X 5 (% (% / (/ (% ( (% (% ( / (% ( 16 (%

21 21 5 k (x 0 (k, x 1 (k (x 0 (k, x 2 (k (x 0 (k, x 3 (k (x 0 (k, x 4 (k (x 0 (k, x 5 (k

22 6 E A A B BC D C 36

23 23 37

24 38

25 Barbarosoglu, G., and Yazgac, T. (1997, An Application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process to the Supplier Selection Problem, Production and Inventory Management Journal, Vol.38, No.1, pp Benton, W.C., and Krajewski, l. (1990, Vendor Performance and Alternative Manufacturing Environment, Decision Sciences, Bernard, P. (1989, Managing Vendor Performance, Production and Inventory Management Journal, pp Choi, T.Y., and Hartley, J.L. (1996, An Exploration of Supplier Selection Practices Across the Supply Chain, Journal of Operations Management, Vol.14, pp Dempsey, W.A. (1978, Vendor Selection and the Buying Process, Industrial Marketing Management 7, pp Dickson, G.W. (1966, An Analysis of Vendor Selection System and Decisions, Journal of Purchasing, 2(1, pp Edward, M.G. (1967, Supplier Management Evaluation, Journal of Purchasing, 3(1, pp Hakansson, H., and Wootz, B. (1975, Supplier Selection in an International Environment, Journal of Marketing Research XII, pp Hinkle, C.L., Robinson, P.J., and Green, P.E. (1966, Vendor Evaluation Using Cluster Analysis, Journal of Purchasing, pp Ho, C.J., and Carter, P.L. (1988, Using Vendor Capacity Planning in Supplier Evaluation, Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, pp Lamberson, L.R., Diederich, D., and Wuori, J. (1976, Quantitative Vendor Evaluation, Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, pp Luo, M., and Kuhnell, B.T. (1993, Fault Detection Using Grey Relational Grade Analysis, The Journal of Grey System, 5(4, pp Manoochehri, G.H. (1984, Suppliers and the Just-In-Time Concept, Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, pp

26 35. Narasimhan, R. (1983, An Analytical Approach to Supplier Selection, Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, pp Newman, R.G (1988, The Buyer-Supplier Relationship Under Just-In-Time, Production and Inventory Management Journal, pp Nydick, R.L., and Hill, R.P. (1992, Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process to Structure the Supplier Selection Procedure, International Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, Vol.28, No.2, pp Payne, H.L. (1970, Development of a Supplier Evaluation Technique Utilizing Financial Information, Journal of Purchasing 6(4, pp Roberts, B.J. (1978, A Vendor Delivery Rating Model, Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, pp Satty, T.L., (1980, The Analytic Hierarchy Process, New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc. 41. Soukup, W.R. (1987, Supplier Selection Strategies, Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, pp Stuart, I.F. (1993, Supplier PartnershipsInfluencing Factors and Strategic Benefits, International Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, 29(4, pp Taeng, G.H., and Tsaur, S.H. (1994, The Multiple Criteria Evaluation of Grey Relation Model, The Journal of Grey System, Vol.6, No.2, pp Timmerman, E. (1986, An Approach to Vendor Performance Evaluation, Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, pp Treleven, M. (1987, Single Sourcing: A Management Tool for the Quality Supplier, Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, pp Wagner, J., Ettenson, R., and Parrish, J. (1989, Vendor Selection Among Retail Buyers: An Analysis by Merchandise Division, Journal of Retailing, 65(1, pp Weber, C.A., Current, J.R., and Benton, W.C. (1991, Vendor Selection Criteria and Methods, European Journal of Operational Research, Vol.50, pp

27 Willis, T.H., and Huston, C.R. (1990, Vendor Requirements and Evaluation in a Just-In-Time Environment, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, Vol.10, No.4, pp Wind, Y., and Robinson, P.J., (1968, The Determinants of Vendor Selection: The Evaluation Function Approach, Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, pp

28 42

(2002) Gartner Group Toelle and Tersine(1989) VMI (1998) (VMI,Vender-Managed Inventory) (2003) (VMI,Vender-Managed Inventory) VMI AHP VMI - 133

(2002) Gartner Group Toelle and Tersine(1989) VMI (1998) (VMI,Vender-Managed Inventory) (2003) (VMI,Vender-Managed Inventory) VMI AHP VMI - 133 ISM AHP VMI emily.1-777@yahoo.com.tw yowmow@mail.thu.edu.tw VMI ISM VMI VMI VMI VMI satty 1980 Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP VMI ISM Abstract This research wants to study the electronic industry mainly

運籌研究集刊 第 一 期

運籌研究集刊第一期