,,,, t, t 10 t 6 t, 60% 20, 8, 4, 1. 1, ( ) 95%, 5%,,, 12,,,,,, t, N P K ( ), 300 t, N P K ,, 1998

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1 ADVAN CE IN EA R TH SC IEN CES V o l. 15 N o. 4 A ug., 2000 Ξ (, ) :,,,,,,, 97%,,,,, : ; ; ; ; : P968; P : A : (2000) ,, 1 km 2 731, 33, t, 4. 4 t, 97% ; 80%, 1g3; t,, ( B 2O 3 ) t, ; (SrSO 4) 600 t t 470 t 64 t 19 t 0. 8 t ,,,,, 50 t, ( ) ( ),,, Ξ : (19492),,,,, : ; :

2 ,,,, t, t 10 t 6 t, 60% 20, 8, 4, 1. 1, ( ) 95%, 5%,,, 12,,,,,, t, N P K ( ), 300 t, N P K ,, t, 300 t, 50 t, t, t,,, 7%,, 11111,, 1996 D t,, t, 97% ; t, t,, 98%, 4. 4 t t KC l 0. 7% 1. 3%, ( KC l 2. 97% 5. 02% ), ( KC l 0. 86% 1. 26% ) ( KC l 0. 87% 1. 14% ) , 50%, 50%, 20 t; 250 t 15 t ; 170 t 14 t 50 t, 17 t, 150 t,,, 1. 2,

3 4 : 367, 50, t 70,,, 10 t :, 4, 20% 180W hgkg, 360W hgl, 500, 1g t, : 10 kw t, 1g20,, :,, :, 30, 3%, 8% 14%, 22% 38%,, 70,, : 80,, 15%, 21, 11211, ( ) t, 70% 1g3, ggl, 11212, 12 t, %, 90,, 80% ( ), 50% 60%,, :, 5. 4 t,,

4 t 90,,,,, t :,, 1995, 56%, 10%,,, t, t ( 16. 8% ),,,, 30 t t :,, 11311, 32 t, 16 t,,, , t, t t t,, ,, , 15 t ( ) 96, 5 t t t t, 21, 3 tga,,,,,, (M gc l2 6H 2O ), 1. 5 gt, 1. 2 gt, 2 gt,,,, 21,,, : ( ) 30 t, 10 t, 114 () :, ( ),,

5 4 : 369,,,,, :,,, t, 150 gkg,,,,,,, ;, ;, 2 211,,,,,,,, 2. 2 g, g , g, g g,, g, 213,,,,,,,, 214,,,, 3

6 ,,,,, 311,,, 60 70,,,, 250 t, 10 t 57 t 7 t 18 t 33 t 15 t 30 t 9 t, 2. 5 t, 5. 5 t (A PC) 100,,, 176 t, 25 t 3. 1 t 3. 5 t 2. 5 t 4 t, 150 kggh , SQM (T he Sociedad M inera Salar de A t2 cam a S. A. ) (M in sal) 1. 39, 50 t 2. 2 t 25 t ( 2. 5 t 1. 6 t ), 1. 24,, 25 gt, 40 50%, gt,, 1 t FM C Hom n re M uerto 30, kw, h,, % Β ,, 20 t 40 t,,,,,,, 1 t,

7 4 : 371, g,,,, g,, g 40 1 g1 1, 90% TBP,,,, 80,,,,,,,,,,,, 4 411,,,, 97%,, 412,,,,, -,,,,, 5 (1)

8 , 150 t,,, 5 t, 5 10 t (2), t, 2 t, (3), ;,, t,, 2015, (4),, mm,,, (5),,,, 6,,,,,,, :,,,, 200 t ( ), 250 t, m 2 :, t, t t ( t ), (99. 99% ), 1. 6, 2 t,

9 4 : 373,,,,, 7 711,,,,,,,,, 712, 30,,,, 380 km 2, 33 t, 339 t, t,,,,, 15 km,,, [ 1 ] H arben P, Edw ards G. M etamo rpho sis fo r lith ium [J ]. Indus2 trialm inerals, 1997, 25. [ 2 ] Ow en J R. Rechargeable lith ium batteries[j ]. Chem Soc Rev, 1997, 26 (4) : [ 3 ] A nguita F. Set fair fo r the future[j ]. Pho spho rus and Po tas2 sium, 1997, 212: 16. [ 4 ] X i Yuan. A review on wo rld lith ium industry A. T he P ro2 ceeding of the N inth Sympo sium on L ithium, Rubidium and Cesium C [ 5 ] H ayes D. H ungry fo r po tash [J ]. Pho spho rus and Po tassium, 1999, 224: 10. [ 6 ] T he sky s the lim it J. Pho spho rus and Po tassium, 1997, 211: 15. [ 7 ] Investing fo r grow th J. Pho spho rus and Po tassium. 1997, 209: 17.

10 COM PREHENSIVE UTIL IZATION OF SAL T LAKE RESOURCES M A Pei2hua (Q ing ha i Institu te of S a line L akes, Ch inese A cad em y of S ciences, X in ing , Ch ina) Abstract: Salt lakes are w idely distribu ted acro ss Ch ina s w estern Q inghai, T ibet, X in jiang and Inner M ongo lia, w ith rich resou rces of po tassium, m agnesium, lith ium and bo ron. T hey have huge econom ic po2 ten tial. Exp lo itation and u tilization of these resou rces w ill p lay an impo rtan t and realistic ro le in develop ing the econom y, stab ilizing the social condition of w estern areas and m eeting the coun try s requ irem en ts fo r po tassium, lith ium, m agnesium and bo ron. Con sideration shou ld be given to the fragile natu ral eco logical condition s of the w estern areas and p rincip le of su stainab le developm en t shou ld be fo llow ed to op tim ize the developm en t, at the sam e tim e, atten tion shou ld be paid to comp rehen sive u tilization of co2ex isting re2 sou rces w hen develop ing po tassium fertilizers from salt lakes. A t p resen t the m ain strength of salt lake resou rce developm en t shou ld be focu sed on Q aidam basin w h ich occup ies 97% of Ch ina s to tal po tash depo siṫ R esearch on developm en t of salt lake resou rces shou ld be stressed and p rogress of indu strialization m u st be also accelerated to so lve p rob lem s that have checked the comp rehen sive u tilization of po tassium, lith ium, m agnesium and bo ron. T he con struction of the exam 2 p le p roduction base w ill speed up. O n the basis of these p recu rso ry w o rk s a modern en terp rise w ill be es2 tab lished to exp lo it po tassium, lith ium, m agnesium and bo ron, w h ich can con tribu te to the su stainab le de2 velopm en t of resou rces in w estern areaṡ tu re. Po tash fertilizer is one of the key facto rs that have checked the h igh2efficiency and top 2quality agricu l2 In acco rdance w ith the coun try s needs fo r agricu ltu ral developm en t and the fact that Ch ina s po tassi2 um resou rces m ain ly ex ists in salt lakes and tak ing in to con sideration the secu rity of the coun try s econo2 m y, a m illion2ton po tassium ch lo ride p lan t shou ld be set up in Q arham salt lake. To en su re a su stain2 ab le po tash fertilizer developm en t, the fo llow ing research shou ld be con tinued on du ring the T en th F ive2 year P lan period: the law of dynam ic liqu id2so lid conversion of b rine du ring ex traction; the law of change in chem ical gradien ts of b rine and rational freshw ater supp ly from around the salt lake. T he p rob lem of ra2 tional ex traction of liqu id m ine shou ld be so lved as w ell as the overall balance of freshw ater sou rces, con2 version of liqu id so lid resou rce to delay the aging of salt lake and elongate their service life. D evelopm en t of ch lo ride2free po tassium su lfate w ill be accelerated and p rob lem s lying in the key techn iques and equ ip2 m en t fo r large2scale p roduction of po tassium su lfate shou ld be handled du ring the engineering research in the ligh t of characteristics of po tassium in Q aidam basin, and a 100, 0002ton scale po tassium su lfate p ro2 duction base shall be con structed in the basin. Strength shou ld be also put on techn iques in lith ium ex traction and separation, w h ich is u rgen tly needed to be so lved fo r developm en t of salt lake resou rces and acceleration of the indu strialization p rocess of lith ium resou rces recycling. A examp le base is under con struction in the East T aijinaier Salt L ake area to comp rehen sively develop lith ium together w ith po tassium, bo ron and m agnesium elem en ts. T he base w ill take lith ium as b reak th rough and get to the po in t of comp rehen sive developm en t of resou rce and envi2 ronm en t imp rovem en ṫ R elying on the techn iques developed comp letely at the base, a large lith ium p roduc2 tion p lan t w ill be set up qu ick ly w ith the capacity of 20, 000 tongyear, at the sam e tim e po tassium, m agne2 sium and bo ron w ill also be developed, thu s gain ing a impo rtan t standing in the w o rld s lith ium m arkeṫ

11 4 : 375 Issues on indu strialization and engineering of anhydrou s m agnesium ch lo ride p roduction from b ischof2 ite need to be studied, so as fo r large depo sit of b ischofite resu lting from po tassium ex traction can be u sed w ith rich electric pow er of Q inghai to m anufactu re anhydrou s m agnesium ch lo ride that su its fo r m agnesium electro lysis by dehydration, w h ich can compete in in ternational m etallic m agnesium m arket w ith low co sṫ T he by2p roduct ch lo ride can also be app lied in the po lyvinyl ch lo ride indu stry to be developed in Q aidam basin, w h ich con sum es large vo lum e of ch lo ride. By 2015, the scale of m agnesium p roduction by electro ly2 sis from salt lake b ischofite in Ch ina w ill reach tongyear and Ch ina w ill rank in the leading coun tries of m agnesium m etallu rgy w ith its top 2quality and low 2co st m etallic m agnesium, at that tim e b reak th rough w ill be m ade in techn iques in regard to p roduction of h igh2purity m agnesium ox ide from b ischofite and h igh2perfo rm ance m agnesium cem en ṫ T he developm en t of m agnesium w ill alleviate con tam 2 ination of b rine sou rces by m agnesium con tained in mo ther liqu id du ring po tash p roduction. M o reover, in2dep th study w ill be carried ou t in fine and h igh2valued chem icals that u se p rim ary salt lake chem icals as sou rces, the situation s of ex ten sive exp lo itation w ill be changed and the developm en t w ill becom e h igh2value and benefit o rien ted. D u ring the T en th F ive2year P lan period, series of lith ium, bo ron, p tassium and m agnesium related fine and h igh2value chem icals, such as electro lyte fo r lith ium ion battery and electrode m aterials, bo ron and m agnesium based w h isker and new types of m agnesium cem en t and o ther con struction m aterials, w ill be developed. N ow the w o rld is seeing an unp receden ted vigo rou s developm en t of salt lake resou rces, Israel and Jo r2 dan at the D ead Sea, the U n ited States at Salar de A tacam a in cooperation w ith sou th am erican coun tries besides the great salt lake of its ow n. A s the co st of lith ium, m agnesium and po tassium p roduced from salt lake b rine can be low ered sharp ly, tho se p roducts are fiercely impacting the w o rld m arket of lith ium, m etallic m agnesium, and m agnesium ox ide. T h rough the comp rehen sive and system atic study of cu rren t salt lake resou rces by ou r scien tists, w e are to put an end to p resen t situation s of single po tash p roduction, develop lith ium, m agnesium and bo ron rationally to p roduce con siderab le econom ic benefit and con tribu te to the rise of w estern econom y and Ch ina as w ell. Key words: Salt lake resou rces; Comp rehen sive u tilization; L ith ium ; M agnesium ; Po tash1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,