(TER) (IECs) M [9] (DCs) [10] Toll (TLRs) [11] ((NOD)-like) (NLRs) M B T Toll (TLRs) [11] : Toll 2(TLR2) [12] Toll 4(TLR4) Toll (TLRs) [6]

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1 Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology Vol. 11 No. 4 Jul * ( ) ( ) ; ; ; (2011) S rrna (Bacteroides) (Firmicutes phyla) [3] Jeffrey Gordon (FOS) [4] (GOS) [1] [5] 10 [2] : : (No.nycytx-0501) : 1976 :

2 0 1 1 * ( 010018) ( ) ; ; ; 1009-7848(2011)04-0147-07 16S rrna

2 (TER) (IECs) M [9] (DCs) [10] Toll (TLRs) [11] ((NOD)-like) (NLRs) M B T Toll (TLRs) [11] : Toll 2(TLR2) [12] Toll 4(TLR4) Toll (TLRs) [6] [13] NLRs [7] Toll (TLRs ) [14] NF-κB(κ ) MAPK ( ) T [15] [7] (Bacillus anthracis) 1 (L. alivarius) (IBS) (L. monocytogenes) [16] (Crohn s disease) [8]

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7 [27] van de Guchte M. Penaud S. Grimaldi C. et al. The complete genome sequence of Lactobacillus bulgaricus reveals extensive and ongoing reductive evolution[c]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America : [28] Callanan M. Kaleta P. O Callaghan J. et al. Genome sequence of Lactobacillus helveticus an organism distinguished by selective gene loss and insertion sequence element expansion [J]. The Journal of Bacteriology : [29] Sonnenburg J. L. Chen C. T. Gordon J. I. Genomic and metabolic studies of the impact of probiotics on a model gut symbiont and host[j]. PLoS Biology :e413. [30] Martens E. C. Koropatkin N. M. Smith T. J. et al. Complex glycan catabolism by the human gut microbiota: the Bacteroidetes Sus-like paradigm[j]. The Journal of Biological Chemistry : [31] van Baarlen P. Troost F. J. van Hemert S. et al. Differential NF-kappaB pathways induction by Lactobacillus plantarum in the duodenum of healthy humans correlating with immune tolerance [J]. Proceedings of the National A- cademy of Sciences of the United States of America : [32] Urbanska A. M. Bhathena J. Martoni C. et al. Estimation of the potential antitumor activity of microencapsulated Lactobacillus acidophilus yogurt formulation in the attenuation of tumorigenesis in Apc(Min/ ) mice[j]. Digestive Diseases and Sciences : [33] Azcarate-Peril M.A. Tallon R. Klaenhammer T.R. Temporal gene expression and probiotic attributes of Lactobacillus acidophilus during growth in milk[j]. Journal of Dairy Science : [34] Goh Y. J. Azcarate-Peril M. A. O Flaherty S. et al. Development and application of a upp-based counterselective gene replacement system for the study of the S-layer protein SlpX of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM [J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology : Research Advance on the Interaction of Probiotic Gut Micro 覲 ora and Host Wang Lifeng Zhang Heping * (Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering Ministry of Education Dairy Processing Laboratory of National Dairy Production Technology and Research Center Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot ) Abstract Recently researches focus on understanding the interaction between probiotic bacteria and gut bacteria and host in domestic and broad and contribute to their beneficial attributes as a means of determining mechanisms of probiotic functionality. Nowadays on the one hand we growingly acknowledge the intrinsic interaction between probiotic bacteria and commensal bacteria and between the milieu of bacteria and the host tissues of the gut by using omic technologies. On the other hand surveys of bacterial inhabitanting in the GIT using sequencing technologies have illustrated the complexities of this human organ which varies between different populations and individuals. In addition transcriptomics have promoted an insight into the complex interaction between bacteria (including probiotic and commensal bacteria) and the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). This summary outlines the recent important advances in this exciting area of research from two aspects such as the role of probiotic bacteria and gut microflora in the GIT then proposes future outlook. Key words probiotic; gastrointestinal tract; gut micro 覲 ora; interaction

Genome sequence of Lactobacillus helveticus an organism distinguished by selective gene loss and insertion sequence element expansion [J]. The Journal of Bacteriology 2008 190:727-735.

研發與創新驗顯示, 停止攝食乳酸菌後, 在幾週內乳酸菌便會消失, 並不會持續存在於腸道內, 但是短暫的定殖, 還是有刺激腸道免疫系統的效果, 尤其是對服用抗生素或腹瀉感

研發與創新驗顯示, 停止攝食乳酸菌後, 在幾週內乳酸菌便會消失, 並不會持續存在於腸道內, 但是短暫的定殖, 還是有刺激腸道免疫系統的效果, 尤其是對服用抗生素或腹瀉感乳酸菌之保健功效與產品開發撰文 / 陳慶源黃崇真邱雪惠廖啟成益生菌是指具有改善宿主體內內生性微生物相平衡, 並有益於宿主健康的單一或數種微生物一般而言, 益生菌被認定為活菌本身, 但是, 近年發現某類益生菌所衍生之活性