20 R. Scott Appleby ambivalence of the sacred R. Scott Appleby, The Ambivalence of the Sacred: Religion, Violence and Reconc

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1 Nov Arab World Studies No

2 20 R. Scott Appleby ambivalence of the sacred R. Scott Appleby, The Ambivalence of the Sacred: Religion, Violence and Reconciliation, New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2000, pp Ibid., p

3 Charles Tilly (Sidney Tarrow) motivational fallacy [ ] [ ] [ ]F [ ]P R. Scott Appleby, The Ambivalence of the Sacred: Religion, Violence and Reconciliation, p

4 Kenneth Wald [ ] [ ] Kenneth D. Wald, Allison Calhoun-Brown, Religion and Politics in the United States, Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2007, p

5 Doug McAdam Doug McAdam, Conceptual Origins, Current Problems, Future Directions, in Doug McAdam, John G. McCarthy, Mayer N. Zald, eds., Comparative Perspective on Social Movement: Political Opportunities, Mobilizing Structure, and Cultural Framings, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1996, p

6 social movement organizations 1968 World Council of Churches 1994 World Vision Marc Gopin Douglas Johnson Doug McAdam, Conceptual Origins, Current Problems, Future Directions, p Marc Gopin, The Use of Word and Its Limits: A Critical Evaluation of Religious Dialogue as Peacemaking, in David S. Smock ed., Interfaith Dialogue and Peacebuilding, Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press, 2002, p

7 Douglas Johnston, Brian Cox, Faith-based Diplomacy and Preventive Engagement, in Douglas Johnston, ed., Trumping Realpolitik: Faith-based Diplomacy, New York: Oxford University Press, 2003, p.14. [ ] [ ]

8 Sufi non-sufi % 11% 7.2% 19% 70% 75% 2005 SPLM Ulrich Mans, Osman Mohammed Osman Ali, Stuck in Change: Faith-based Peacemaking in Sudan s Transition, in Netherland Institute of International Relations (Clingendael), Conflict Research Unit, The Hague, Netherlands, October 2006, p.6. 83

9 Sudan Aid Ansar Affairs Corporation Sadig Al Mahd Asmara Declaration 2000 Ana Omdurman Social Development Organization Development and Peace Organization Women s Initiative Organization for Peace 2004 Sufi Sammaniya Order John Ash Worth, CPA Alert: The State of Sudan s Comprehensive Peace Agreement, IKV Pax Christi, Alert No.2, September 2010, p.7, PAXCHRISTI_CPAAlert_StateOfSudansComprehensivePeaceAgreement.pdf. 84

10 Ulrich Mans, Osman Mohammed Osman Ali, Stuck in Change: Faith-based Peacemaking in Sudan s Transition, p

11 People-to-People Peacemaking Process Caritas Internationalis USCCB Catholic Relief Service Anglican Relief and Development Fund International 20 Sudan People s Liberation Movement, New Sudan Council of Churches, Come, Let Us Reason Together: Report of the Historic Dialogue Held between the Sudan People s Liberation Movement (SPLM) and the New Sudan Council of Churches (NSCC) : Yei-Kejiko, New Sudan, July 1997, SPLM,NSCC,1998. Titus Agwanda, Geoff Harris, People-to-people Peacemaking and Peacebuilding: A Review of the Work of the New Sudan Council of Churches, African Security Review, Vol.18, No.2, 2009, p.44. Ibid., p.43. Sudan Council of Churches, Appeal for the Full Implementation of the CPA: Joint Statement of Sudanese Churches on the State of Sudan in October 2009, appeal.php. USAID, U.S. Accomplishments in South Sudan , -saharan_africa/south_sudan/accomplishments_south_sudan05-11.pdf. 86

12 2001 Samaritan s Purse Billy Graham Frankling Graham Asteris Huliaras, Evangelists, Oil Companies, and Terrorists: The Bush Administration s Policy towards Sudan, Elsevier, Vol.50, Issue 4, 2006, p

13 Comboni Missionary Institutes Interfaith Dialogue 2003 Sudan Inter-religious Council 46 w=article&id=3&itemid=2. Jaco Cilliers, Building Bridges for Interfaith Dialogue, in David S. Smock, ed., Interfaith Dialogue and Peacebuilding, Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press, 2002, p

15 The Analysis of Political Opportunity Theory on the Peace-building Process of Post-Conflict Sudan ZHU Xiaoli Abstract Since the late 20th century, ethno-religious conflict has increasingly become a hot issue in international politics, encouraged work on the dynamics of religious conflict. The political opportunity theory provides a useful analytical framework for this research, which try to show how changes in some aspect of a political system create political opportunity for violent conflicts between different religious groups and, otherwise, for their peace work. Sudan s civil war is a good case. After the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) in January 2005, various religious groups promoted their peace-building programs in an open and changeful political environment, however, during this process, opportunities open for the religious actors to take a contentious attitude rather than compromise one. Therefore, the peacekeeping work of religious actors deepen the gap between North and South, and finally lead to the split of the Republic of the Sudan in Key Words Political Opportunity Theory; Sudan; Religious Conflict; Religious Peace-building 90

Fancis M. Deng War of Visions Conflict of Identities in the Sudan The Brookings Institution p. 422.

* 20 70068 20 7 9 6 7 000 900 5 65 93 956 55 * YJC770059 0&ZD5 67 202 2 4 7 60 2005 6 2 68 Fancis M. Deng War of Visions Conflict of Identities in the Sudan The Brookings Institution p. 422. 70 2 3 820