12 22,,, 2, 211 SL Sen Cham bers Conw ay [1, 2 ],,, (the W o rld Comm is2 sion on Environm en t and D evelopm en t),,,, SL SL [3, 4 ] : (1) :

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1 PRO GR ESS IN GEO GRA PH Y V o l. 22, N o. 1 Jan., 2003 : (2003) M artha G1Roberts 1, 2 (11, 94309; 21, ) :,,,,,,,,,, : ; ; ; : F311 1 (the Su stainab le L ivelihoods (SL ) A pp roach), SL SL,,,,,,, (the Stockho lm Environm en t In stitu te, SE I) g (C lark U n iversity), : ; : : (KZCX ; KZCX ) 1 : M artha G1Roberts,,, A cta Geograph ic Sinica 2 E2m ail: m artha1roberts@ stanfo rd1edu

2 12 22,,, 2, 211 SL Sen Cham bers Conw ay [1, 2 ],,, (the W o rld Comm is2 sion on Environm en t and D evelopm en t),,,, SL SL [3, 4 ] : (1) :, (2) :, (3) ( ) (4) : (5) :,,, (6) : (7) :,, (8) :,,,, SL, SL,, SL,, SL,, (the U K s D epartm en t fo r In ternational D evelopm en t, D F ID ) 2000 SL D F ID ( 1) Go ldm an (2000) A sh ly (1999), Go ldm an : adds ho listic p lus asset and vulnerabilities

3 1 M artha G1Roberts : 13 [5 ], D F ID Sen Cham bers Conw ay,, D F ID,,, D F ID 1 [4 ] F ig11 Sustainable livelihoods fram ew o rk 1,,,,,, SL Cham bers Conw ay (Cham bers, 1992) [2 ], ( ), ( ) SL,,, SL D F ID SL, [5 ],,, SL

4 ,?,,, [6, 7 ],,,,, SL,, [8 ],,,,,,, SE I,,, SE I,,,,,, SE I [9 ] SE I, [9 ],,,,,

5 1 M artha G1Roberts : 15, [10 ],,,, SE I, g, ( ), ( ),,,, [11 ],,,,,,,, ;,,, [12 ],,, [13 ] [14 ] [15 ], 213, SL,,,, SL,, Cham bers,,, [16 ] SL SL, ;

6 16 22 ( ) SE I SL,,,,,,,,,, [11, 17 ], SL SL SL,,,,, ;, (Participato ry R u ral A pp raisal strategies) 214,,,,, SL, SL SL,,,, SL SL, SL,,,, SL, SL

7 1 M artha G1Roberts : 17 SL,, SL,, 3 SL,, (N atu ral R esou rces A dvisers Conference, N RA C 99), SL, SL [3, 18 ] SL SL,,,,, SL, SL,,,, SL SL, SL, SL SL SL, SL ( ) SL, [19 ] SL, SL SL, SL A sh ley (1999) T urton (2000)

8 18 22 [19 ] SL SL,,,, SL, SL 312 (the U n ited States A gency fo r In ter2 national D evelopm en t s, U SA ID ) (Fam ine Early W arn ing System, FEW S),,,,, FEW S,,, FEW S FEW S,,,,,, [20 ] : (Cu rren t V u lnerab ility A nalysis, CVA ) (Food Secu rity and V u lnerab ility P rofiles, FSV P) CVA,, [20 ] FSV P [21 ], SE I, CVA,, 1999 M itch, L a M asica 24, 336, L a M asica [22 ] FSV P,, FSV P,, FSV P, CVA ; CVA ; CVA FSV P, [21 ]

9 1 M artha G1Roberts : 19 FEW S,,, U SA ID, ;,,,,, 313 SL,,, SL SL, SL,, SL, SL SE I SL,, SL, SL SL, SL, SL SL,,,, SL SL,, 4,,,,, SL SL,, SL

10 20 22 SL, ,,,,! [ 1 ] Sen, A 1Fam ines and Poverty1L ondon: O xfo rd U niversity P ress, [ 2 ] Cham bers, R 1and Conw ay, G1Sustainable rural livelihoods: p ractical concep ts fo r the 21st century1id S D iscussion Paper 2961B righ ton, England: Institute of D evelopm ent Studies, [ 3 ] A sh ley, C1, and D 1Carney1Sustainable L ivelihoods: L essons from early experience1 L ondon, U K: D epartm ent fo r International D evelopm ent, [ 4 ] Go ldm an, Ian1Sustainable L ivelihoods A pp roaches: O rigins, A pp lications to A quatic Research and Future D irec2 tions1conference on P ractical Strategies fo r Poverty Targeted Research1H ano i, V ietnam, [ 5 ] D F ID 1Sustainable L ivelihoods Guidance Sheets1D epartm ent fo r International D evelopm ent, [ 6 ] Burton, I1, R 1W 1Kates and G1F1W h ite1t he Environm ent as H azard1n ew Yo rk: O xfo rd U niversity P ress, [ 7 ] H ew itt, K1and I1Burton1T he H azardousness of A P lace: A regional eco logy of dam aging events1to ronto: U niver2 sity of To ronto P ress, [ 8 ] Kasperson, J1X1and R 1E1Kasperson (eds1) 1Global Environm ental R isk1n ew Yo rk: U nited N ations U niversity P ress, [ 9 ] Kasperson, Jeanne X1and Roger E1Kasperson1InternationalW o rk shop on V ulnerability and Global Environm ental Change, M ay 2001: A W o rk shop Summ ary1internationalw o rk shop on V ulnerability and Global Environ2 m ental Change1Stockho lm, [ 10 ] Kasperson, Roger E1and Jeanne X1Kasperson1C lim ate Change, V ulnerability, and Social Justice1Stockho lm: Stockho lm Environm ent Institute, [11 ] D avies, S1A dap table L ivelihoods: Cop ing w ith Food Insecurity in the M alian Sahel1L ondon: M acm illan P ress L td, [ 12 ] B laik ie, P1, T 1Cannon, I1D avis and B1W isner1a t R isk: N atural H azards, Peop le s V ulnerability, and D isas2 ters1n ew Yo rk: Routledge, [ 13 ] C lark, W 1C1, J1Jaeger, R 1Co rell, R 1Kasperson, J1J1M ccarthy, D 1Cash, S1J1Cohen, P1D esanker, N 1M 1D ickson, P1Ep stein, D 1H 1Guston, J1M 1H all, C1Jaeger, A 1Janeto s, N 1L eary, M 1A 1L evy, A 1L uers, M 1M acc racken, J1M elillo, R 1M o ss, J1M 1N igg, M 1L 1Parry, E1A 1Parson, J1C1R ibo t, H 1Joachim Schellnhu2 ber, D 1P1Schrag, G1A 1Seielstad, E1Shea, C1V ogel, and T 1J1W ilbanks1a ssessing vulnerability to global envi2 ronm ental risks1w o rkshop on V ulnerability to Global Environm ental Change: Challenges fo r Research, A ssess2 m ent and D ecision M aking1a irlie House, W arrenton, V irginia, [ 14 ] Dow ning, T 1E1V ulnerability to hunger in A frica: A clim ate change perspective1global Environm ental Change11991, 1 (5) : [ 15 ] FEW S1V ulnerability A nalysis, U SA ID Fam ine Early W arning System: Concep ts, T erm s and P roducts1u SA ID Fam ine Early W arning System, [ 16 ] Cham bers, R 1(ed1) 1V ulnerability, cop ing and po licy1id S Bulletin11989, 20 (2) 1

11 1 M artha G1Roberts : 21 [ 17 ] E llis, F rank1rural L ivelihoods and D iversity in D evelop ing Countries1O xfo rd, U K: O xfo rd U niversity P ress, [ 18 ] T urton, Cath ryn1sustainable L ivelihoods and P ro ject D esign in India1L ondon: Institute fo r D evelopm ent Studies, [ 19 ] Krantz, L asse1t he Sustainable L ivelihood A pp roach to Poverty Reduction: A n Introduction1Sw edish Internation2 al D evelopm ent Cooperation (Sida), [20 ] Chopak, C1Early W arning P rim er: A n O verview of M onito ring and Repo rting1u SA ID Fam ine Early W arning System, [21 ] E ilerts, Gary1Status of the Food Security and V ulnerability P rofile (FSV P ) in the FEW S P ro ject, Phase II2 I1U SA ID Fam ine Early W arning System, [ 22 ] Bate, P1Insurance against the nextm itch: T he countries h it by the hurricane can take affo rdable step s to m itigate future disasters1idbam erica, The In ternational Progress of Susta inable D evelopm en t Research: A Com par ison of Vulnerability Analysis and the Susta inable L ivel ihoods Approach M artha G1Roberts 1, YAN G Guo- an 2 (1 Environm ent Sciences D epartm ent of Stanfo rd U niversity, Stanfo rd 94309, U 1S1A ; 2 Institute of Geograph ic Sciences and N atural R esources R esearch, CA S, Beijing , Ch ina) Abstract: Since T he B rundtland Comm ission fo rm ally put fo rw ard the concep t of su stain2 ab le developm en t in their famou s book O u r Common Fu tu re, the global comm un ity has paid great atten tion to the p rincip les of su stainab le developm en t1how ever, the imp lem en2 tation of su stainab le developm en t is still difficu lt even today, becau se of its essen tial com 2 p lex ity1 T herefo re, m any research too ls fo r su stainab le developm en t have em erged in the past tw o decades1among them are the Su stainab le L ivelihoods (SL ) A pp roach and V u l2 nerab ility A nalysis A pp roach, tw o analytical too ls that can info rm su stainab le develop2 m en t p ropo sals1t he first focu ses on poverty alleviation and the second on m itigation of risk s to shock s and stresses1t h is paper exp lo res the ro le of these tw o fram ew o rk s in de2 velopm en t p lann ing and describes w here they in tersect and w here they differ1t he first sec2 t ion describes and com p a res the concep tua l and theo ret ica l underp inn ing s of each ap 2 p roach1t he second section describes how each fram ew o rk operates in imp lem en tation, and how the tw o can reinfo rce each o ther in gu iding analysis of con strain ts to and en try po in ts fo r su stainab le developm en t p ro jects1 Key words: Su stainab le developm en t; Su stainab le livelihoods (SL ) ; V u lnerab ility analysis; Comparison

: 1995g g2000 ( ), 2000 ), 1995g g2000 ( , TM,, 1 10 g, 50m, 9817% [4, 10 ], 6 25,, ;, : (3

: 1995g g2000 ( ), 2000 ), 1995g g2000 ( , TM,, 1 10 g, 50m, 9817% [4, 10 ], 6 25,, ;, : (3 22 6 2003 11 PRO GR ESS IN GEO GRA PH Y V o l122, N o16 N ov1, 2003 : 100726301 (2003) 0620541210,,, (, 100101) :,, 20 90,,,, 20 90,, ; :,, : ; ; ; : F301124; P512 1 [1 3 ], :, [4 6 ] 2000,, 25 [7 9 ],,