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1 2005,25(4)465~470 China Environmental Science 1,2, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1 (1., , , ) ph (SAR) 42, CO 2 CH 4 N 2 O., CO 2,( ph3.05 SAR 42 ) CO 2 ; CH 4 N 2 O., ph ;CO 2 CH 4, N 2 O. X511 A (2005) The incubation experiment studies on the influence of soil acidification on greenhouse gases emission. OUYANG Xue-jun 1,2, ZHOU Guo-yi 1, HUANG Zhong-liang 1, PENG Shan-jiang 3, LIU Ju-xiu 1, Li Jiong 1 (1.South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou , China2.Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , China3.Foshan City Institute of Environmental Protection, Guangdong Province, Foshan , China). China Environmental Science, 2005,25(4)465~470 AbstractSoil possessing different degree of cumulation acidification was obtained utilizing leach treatment of simulated acid rain (SAR) of different ph value for 42 months; it was incubated indoors and its emission characteristic of greenhouse gases CO 2, CH 4 and N 2 O was studied. Definite acidification cumulation promoted the emission of CO 2, but also inhibited the emission when the cumulation reached certain value such as leaching with SAR of ph 3.05 for 42 months. The emission of CH 4 and N 2 O increased basically with acidification cumulation degree. The correlation analysis showed that soil ph value was not the direct cause creating the difference of soil greenhouse gases emission with different degree of cumulation acidification. The difference of CO 2 and CH 4 emission was created mainly from the differences of the contents soil carbon, nitrogen and other nutrition elements induced by acidification cumulation process; but the cause of inducing the difference of N 2 O emission was very complicated. Key wordsgreenhouse gasessimulated acid rainsoil incubationsoil acidification CO 2 CH 4 N 2 O 3, 1.5mL/m 3, 4µL/m 3,0.8µL/m 3[1]. CO 2 CH 4 N 2 O, [2]. CO gc CO gc [3] CH 4 N 2 O 1/3 2/3 [4]., CO 2 CH 4 N 2 O, CO 2 CH 4 N 2 O..,. ph, (KSCX2-SW-120); (KZCX1-SW-01) *,, gyzhou@scib.ac.cn

2 (N23 10', E112 34') 1145hm 2,, 21.0, 80%, mm,,4~9, 10~3.(1 )(7 ) [5].., [6] ~10cm,, 6kg/, 60, 20. (Schima superba)(cryptocarya concinna) (Acmera acuminatisima)(pinus massoniana) 20,. 5, 4. 1:1 (CK,) ph (SAR),, , 400g,,, 2mm 2, ph.. 60g, 60%, 10mL 1.2L PVC,, g. 5,12,20,30,45,65d., 2h,. 1.4 KMnO 4, [7]. 2mol/L, [8]. ph 1mol/L ( 2.5:1) ph.(2 ) [9] [10].CO 2 CH 4 N 2 O Agilent HP4890D.24h SPSS11 (ANOVA), Games-Howell LSD 酸化累积对土壤基本性质的影响随着模拟酸雨 ph 值的降低, 土, ph ; [7],, ;, ;(C/N). ph3.05 (P<0.05), (P<0.05) ( 1). ph. 2.2 CO 2, CO 2. ( 1). 5d CO 2 ph4.00>ph3.52> CK>pH4.40>pH3.05, ph3.05 ph (P<0.05). 12, 20, 30, 45d ph3.52,ph3.05 (P<0.05). 65d

3 4 467 ph3.52>ph3.05>ph4.00>ck>ph4.40, ph3.52 ph4.40 ph3.05 ph () ph Table 1 ph value, carbon and nitrogen characteristics in soil with different acid accumulative degree ph (mg/kg) (%) NH 4 N (mg/kg) NO 3 N (mg/kg) TN(%) C/N CK 3.31 a(0.08) a(153.4) 2.04 a(0.78) 2.86 b(1.61) 4.65 a(1.76) a(0.041) 21.9 a(3.2) ph ab(0.17) a(160.5) 2.25 a(0.77) 3.05 b(1.78) b(1.11) a(0.037) 21.6 a(4.5) ph bc(0.07) a(155.0) 2.32 a(0.80) 3.14 b(1.40) 1.99 b(1.74) a(0.035) 19.0 b(2.4) ph c(0.04) a(128.1) 2.15 a(0.72) 2.96 b(1.98) 1.49 b(0.54) a(0.031) 19.1 b(3.1) ph d(0.09) a(116.4) 1.87 a(0.63) 6.98 a(2.75) 2.03 b(1.12) a(0.026) 17.1 b(3.4) : (P<0.05),; CO2 [mg C/(kg d)] CO2 (mg C/kg) (d) 1 CO 2 Fig.1 CO 2 emission and cumulative release from soils treated with different ph value simulated acid rain CK ph4.40 ph ph ph3.05 ph CO 2 65d 20.24~27.81mgC/kg, ph3.52>ph4.00>ph4.40>ck>ph3.05 ( 1), ph3.52 ph4.40 ph3.05 ph4.00 ph3.05., CO 2,( ph ). 2.3 CH 4 2,pH4.40 ph4.00 CH 4 (), ; ph3.52 ph3.05 SAR (),. CH4 [µg/(kg d)] CH4 (µg/kg) (d) 2 CH 4 Fig.2 CH 4 emission and cumulative release from soils treated with different ph value simulated acid rain 1 CH 4.,pH3.05

4 SAR,pH3.52 ( 6~12d ),( 21~30d ), SAR ph ( 2). 6~12d 13~20d CH 4,,pH3.05 ()() (P<0.05). ph CH ~3.90µg/kg, ph3.05 SAR (), ( ), ph3.05>ph3.52> ph4.00>ph4.40>ck, ph3.05 ph4.40ph4.00 ph3.52 (P<0.05)., CH 4 (). 2.4 N 2 O 3, ph SAR N 2 O. ph4.40 ph4.00 SAR, 6~12d 21~30d, ph3.52 ph3.05 SAR. N 2 O.,pH3.52 ph3.05( 6~12d 45~65d) SAR,,() (P<0.05). SAR ph N 2 O. ph N 2 O65d 0.29~11.91µg/kg, (), ph3.52> ph3.05>ph4.00>ph4.40>ck( 3), ph3.05 ph3.52 ph4.40 ph4.00, (P<0.05)., N 2 O. N2O [µg/(kg d)] N2O (µg/kg) 3 N 2 O Fig.3 N 2 O emission and cumulative release from soil treated with different ph value simulated acid rain (d) CO 2, 3 [11],,CO 2 ( 1), ; CO 2. [12],, CO 2. 2, CO 2 65d,, ph ; CO 2,;CO 2,. CO 2 ; () CO 2, CO 2, ph CO 2.,

5 4 469 [13],, CO 2., CO 2 ph,.. [14].O 2, CH 4 [15]. ph(2.9~3.4) ph(6.9~7.2) [16],,,,(2).,.21~30d, [14]. (2), ( ),( ),ph.,ph,sar. N 2 OpH, [20].N 2 O, [17].Šimek [18] N 2 O,O 2 () [23],. (2)N 2 O ph [17], N 2 O,N 2 O ; N 2 O, NO 3 N 2 ON 2,,N 2 O,. N 2 O,. (1), 65d, 5.48~ ~3.12,,,.,N 2 O, [20,21]., N 2 O 65dN 2 O. N 2 O. 2 Table 2 Correlation coefficient between soil properties and emission as well as cumulative release of greenhouse gases ph NH 4 N NO 3 N N C/N 1~5d 65d CO * 0.31** 0.24* 0.40** * CH ** 0.60** 0.34** 0.57** ** 0.30** N 2 O * * * 0.01 CO ** 0.31** 0.26* 0.42** 0.29* 0.22 CH ** 0.55** 0.43** 0.59** ** 0.20 N 2 O 0.40** ** : * (P<0.05), ** (P<0.01)

6 CO 2, ( ph ) ; CH 4 N 2 O. ph. CO 2 CH 4, N 2 O. [1] IPCC. Climate change 2001: Impact, adaptation and vulnerability [R]. U.K. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, [2] Mooney H A, Vitousek P M, Matson P A. Exchange of materials between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere [J]. Science, 1987, 238: [3] Fernandez I J, Son Y, kraske C R, et al. Soil dioxide characteristics under different forest types and after harvest [J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1993,57(6): [4] Prather M, Derwent R, Ehhalt D, et al. Other trace gases and atmospheric chemistry [A]. Climate change 1994: radiative forcing of climate change and an evaluation of the IPCC IS92 emission scenarios [C]. U.K. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, [5],. [A]. [C]. :, [6]. [J]., 1983,(1):8797. [7] Weil R R, Islam K R, Stine M A, et al. Esimating active carbon for soil quality assessment: a simplified method for laboratory and field use [J]. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture, 2003,18(1):117. [8] Anderson J M, Ingram J S I. Tropical soil biology and fertility: a handbook of methods [M]. England, Wallingford Oxford: CAB International, [9] GB , [S]. [10] GB ,() [S]. [11] Lavelle P, Spain A V. Soil ecology [M]. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, [12] Alexander M. Introduction to soil microbiology [M]. second edition. London: John Wiley Sons, Inc [13],,. [J]., 2004,25(5): [14],. [J]., 2002,22(10): [15],. CH 4 [J]., 2003,14(8): [16] Wang Z P, Lindau C W, Delaune R D, et al. Methane emission and trapment in flooded rice soils as affected by soil properties [J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 1993,16: [17] Šimek M, Cooper J E. The influence of soil ph on denitrification progress towards the understanding of this interaction over the last 50 years [J]. European Journal of Soil Science, 2002,53(5): [18] Šimek M, Jíśová L, Hopkins D W. What is the so-called optimum ph for denitrification in soil [J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2002,34: [19] Tiedje J M. Ecology of denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium [A]. Biology of anaerobic microorganisms [C]. New York: Wiley, [20] Martikainen P J, De Boer W. Nitrous oxide production and nitrification in acidic soil from a Dutch coniferous forest [J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1993,25: [21] Martikainen P J, Lehtonen M, Lang K, et al. Nitrification and nitrous oxide production potentials in aerobic soil samples from the soil profile of a Finnish coniferous site receiving high ammonium deposition [J]. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 1993, 13: (1973),,,,,. 20.

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