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1 2015 5, 22(3): Journal of Fishery Sciences of China 研究论文 DOI: /SP.J 刘长东, 郭晓峰, 唐衍力, 盛化香, 黄六一, 摘要 : , , 67, 17, 1 ( cell/m 3 )( cell/m 3 )(Chaetoceros densus) (Chaetoceros constrictus) (Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetus)(coscinodiscus subtilis)(coscinodiscus debilis)(chaetoceros castracanei)(chaetoceros curvisetus)(chaetoceros debilis),, ( a ) (P>0.05), (P<0.01)(P>0.05), (P<0.05),, (P>0.05) (redundancy analysis, RDA), : SiO 3 -Si (DO) PO 4 -P(BOD 5 ) (DIN)(COD) : ; ; ; ; 中图分类号 : S931 文献标志码 : A 文章编号 : (2015) ,,,, [1], [2] (Gymnodinium catenatum), ;, ;,,,,, [3],,,, [4], 收稿日期 : ; 修订日期 : 基金项目 : ()( ). 作者简介 : (1979 ),,,,. changdong@ouc.edu.cn 通信作者 :,. tangyanli@ouc.edu.cn

546 22 [5 8] [9 13], [14 17] 2012 9 2013 8 4, ( )( ), R Vegan (redundancy analysis, RDA),,, 1 1.

2 [5 8] [9 13], [14 17] , ( )( ), R Vegan (redundancy analysis, RDA),,, ( ~119 56, ~35 10 ), ( ) 8, ; [3] 50, 850 m, 6 ( 1) 4~7, 3, , 4 Ⅲ, Hydro-bios, 5%, : (Tem) (Sal) (Tra)(BOD 5 ) (COD) (DO) SiO 3 -Si PO 4 -P (DIN) a(chl-a) (GB/T ) [18] 1 Fig.1 Sampling sites 1.2 (S) Margalef (D) Shannon-Wiener (H) Pielou (J)(Y) Y : Y=n i /N f i,, n i i, N, f i i, Y 0.02, ( )

3 : 547 () (S D H J chl-a )( BOD 5 COD DO SiO 3 -Si PO 4 -P DIN chl-a) K-W R vegan,, log(x+1) [19 20],, 20%, 1% (detrended correspondence analysis, DCA) (canonical correspondence analysis, CCA) RDA,

3 3 : 547 () (S D H J chl-a )( BOD 5 COD DO SiO 3 -Si PO 4 -P DIN chl-a) K-W R vegan,, log(x+1) [19 20],, 20%, 1% (detrended correspondence analysis, DCA) (canonical correspondence analysis, CCA) RDA, DCA 3, RDA ; 3 4, CCA RDA ; 4, CCA [21] ,, %;, %;, %, 2 2 Fig.2 Species number of phytoplankton in different seasons : (42 )(36 ) (35 )(28 ) 2.2 a (P<0.01) ( ) cell/m cell/m 3, cell/m cell/m , 0.75, a μg/l (1.42 μg/l), cell/m cell/m cell/m cell/m cell/m cell/m cell/m cell/m 3, (P>0.05) a : μg/l, μg/l, (P>0.05) : 0.77, 1.7, 1.15, 1.42; : 0.73, 1.67, 1.1, 1.49,, 3, (P>0.05) (P< 0.05), ( 3) 2.3, (Chaetoceros densus)(chaetoceros affinis)(chaetoceros lorenzianus) (Chaetoceros constrictus) (Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetus)(ceratium furca) (Ceratiumhorridum) (Ceratium fusus)(ceratium tripos) (Ceratium macroceros)(coscinodiscus

4 548 第 22 卷中国水产科学图3 Fig.3 人工鱼礁区对照区和全区浮游植物群落参数( x ±SD) Community parameters of phytoplankton in artificial reef,control and total area( x ±SD) subtilis) 明璧圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus debilis) 派格棍表 2 所示全区的溶解氧浓度由高到低依次为: 冬形藻(Bacillaria paxillifera) 卡氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros (9.3 mg/l) 春(8.57 mg/l) 秋(8.3 mg/l) 夏(7.6 mg/l); castracanei) 旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus) 无机氮与溶解氧浓度季节变化趋势一致; 全区的柔弱角毛藻 (Chaetoceros debilis) 膜状缪氏藻营养盐(SiO3-Si 和 PO4-P)含量表现为冬春季高 (Meuniera membranacea) 棘冠藻 (Corethron 于夏秋季; 全区的透明度由高到低依次为: 夏 criophilum)共 18 种浮游植物为优势种, 其中甲藻 (4.11 m) 秋(3.52 m) 春(3.44 m) 冬(3.1 m); 全有 5 种, 硅藻 13 种(表 1), 不同季节优势种组成存区的盐度变化依次为 : 秋 (33.4) 夏 (32.4) 冬在明显差异密联角毛藻在春季和冬季均为优势 (32.3) 春(31.9); 全区的 BOD5 COD 和温度变种, 并且在春季是绝对的优势种, 优势度达到化表现为夏季和秋季高于春季和冬季鱼礁区与 0.94 对照区间环境参数无显著差异(P>0.05) 环境因子环境因子存在显著的季节变化(P<0.01), 如浮游植物群落的季节变化多维尺度和聚类分析表明浮游植物群落组成

5 3 : 549 表 1 不同季节浮游植物优势种的丰度 ( 10 5 cell/m 3 ) 和优势度 Tab.1 Abundance( 10 5 cell/m 3 ) and dominance of phytoplankton dominant species in different seasons n=35; x ±SD dominant species abundance spring summer autumn winter dominance abundance dominance abundance dominance abundance dominance Chaetoceros densus 15.60± ± Chaetoceros affinis 0.37± Chaetoceros lorenzianus 0.30± Chaetoceros constrictus 0.77± Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetus 0.46± Ceratium furca 0.12± Ceratiumhorridum 0.11± Ceratium fusus 0.28± Ceratium tripos 0.20± ± Ceratium macroceros 0.38± Coscinodiscus subtilis 8.40± ± Coscinodiscus debilis 3.30± Bacillaria paxillifera 0.10± Chaetoceros castracanei 0.90± Chaetoceros curvisetus 0.60± Chaetoceros debilis 1.50± Meuniera membranacea 0.60± Corethron criophilum 0.14± Tab.2 表 2 人工鱼礁区对照区和全区的环境因子 Environmental parameters of artificial reef, control and total area n=35; x ±SD spring summer parameter control reef total control reef total BOD/(mg L 1 ) 1.92± ± ± ± ± ±0.22 Tem/ 14.00± ± ± ± ± ±0.39 COD/(mg L 1 ) 1.83± ± ± ± ± ±0.21 Sal 32.00± ± ± ± ± ±0.54 Tra/m 3.43± ± ± ± ± ±0.87 Sil/(μg L 1 ) 22.94± ± ± ± ± ±4.05 Pho/(μg L 1 ) 4.43± ± ± ± ± ±0.62 DIN/(μg L 1 ) ± ± ± ± ± ±4.89 DO/(mg L 1 ) 8.63± ± ± ± ± ±0.28 autumn winter control reef total control reef total BOD (mg L 1 ) 1.97± ± ± ± ± ±0.28 Tem/ 25.00± ± ± ± ± ±0.08 COD/(mg L 1 ) 2.06± ± ± ± ± ±0.20 Sal 33.30± ± ± ± ± ±0.98 Tra/m 3.20± ± ± ± ± ±0.46 Sil/(μg L 1 ) 22.21± ± ± ± ± ±7.43 Pho/(μg L 1 ) 1.58± ± ± ± ± ±4.50 DIN/(μg L 1 ) ± ± ± ± ± ±17.51 DO/(mg L 1 ) 8.30± ± ± ± ± ±0.13 : BOD: ; Tem: ; COD: ; Sal: ; Tra: ; Sil: SiO 3 -Si; Pho: PO 4 -P; DIN: ; DO:. Note: BOD: biochemical oxygen demand; Tem: temperature; COD: chemical oxygen demand; Sal: salinity; Tra: transparency; Sil: SiO 3 -Si; Pho: PO 4 -P; DIN: dissolved inorganic nitrogen; DO: dissolved oxygen.

6 ( 4 5), Stress 0.08, [22] ( 4);,,, ( 5) 4 1, 2, 3, 4,,,. Fig.4 Multidimensional scaling of phytoplankton of different sites 1, 2, 3, 4: sampling records of spring, summer, autumn, winter. 2.6, 3 DCA, (2.99) 3, RDA 9 (P<0.01), 68.8%, , 67.3% 18%, 85.3%, 6,,, 4 8, : SiO 3 -Si DO PO 4 -P BOD 5 DIN COD (s5) DIN SiO 3 -Si DO, COD (s25) COD, 5 1 9: ; 10 19: ; 20 28: ; 29 35:. Fig.5 Cluster analysis of phytoplankton of different sites 1 9: winter samples; 10 19: spring samples; 20 28: summer samples; 29 35: autumn samples.

7 3 : 551 表 3 RDA 排序中浮游植物种类代码 Tab.3 Codes of phytoplankton species for RDA ordination code species code species s1 Bacillaria paxillifera s16 Ceratium fusus s2 Chaetoceros castracanei s17 Ceratium furca s3 Chaetoceros curvisetus s18 Ceratium horridum s4 Chaetoceros debilis s19 Ceratium tripos s5 Chaetoceros densus s20 Ceratium macroceros s6 Corethron criophilum s21 Pyrophacus steinii s7 Coscinodiscus debilis s22 Coscinodiscus asteromphalus s8 Coscinodiscus subtilis s23 Chaetoceros affinis s9 Ditylum sol s24 Chaetoceros lorenzianus s10 Meuniera membranacea s25 Chaetoceros constrictus s11 Nitzschia hassal sp. s26 Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetus s12 Rhizosolenia alata s27 Bacteriastum delicatulum s13 Thalassionema frauenfeldii s28 Guinardia flaccida s14 Navicula membranacea s29 Coscinodiscus granii s15 Noctiluca scintillans 表 4 各环境因子对浮游植物丰度影响的显著性 Tab.4 Significance of effects of each environmental factor on phytoplankton abundance environmental factor RDA1 RDA2 r 2 P significance temperature ** salinity transparency * COD chemical oxygen demand ** BOD 5 biochemical oxygen demand ** SiO 3 -Si silicate ** PO 4 -P phosphate ** dissolved inorganic nitrogen ** DO dissolved oxygen ** : RDA1, RDA2: ; r 2 : ; P: ; **: P<0.01, *: P<0.05. Note: RDA1, RDA2: correlation between environmental factors and the ordination axes; r 2 : coefficient of environmental factors and species distribution; P: significance of correlation; **: P <0.01, *: P <0.05. DO (s8), (s4) PO 4 -P SiO 3 -Si, BOD 3 3.1,,,, 90%;, ;, ;, ;,

8 RDA BOD: ; Tem: ; COD: ; Sal: ; Tra: ; Sil: SiO 3 -Si; Pho: PO 4 -P; DIN: ; DO:. Fig.6 RDA ordination of main phytoplankton species with environmental factors Note: BOD: biochemical oxygen demand; Tem: temperature; COD: chemical oxygen demand; Sal: salinity; Tra: transparency; Sil: SiO 3 -Si; Pho: PO 4 -P; DIN: dissolved inorganic nitrogen; DO: dissolved oxygen.,, a,,, a,, (chl-a );, (chl-a ) 3.2,,,, [16], :, ;,,, (>20 m),, [17] ,,,, [23],,, %, 85.2%( 67.3%, 17.9%), 58.6% RDA (principal component analysis, PCA), PCA RDA, RDA PCA, 72.5%, 14%, RDA,,,,,, [24], DIN DO SiO 3 -Si, COD DIN DO SiO 3 -Si ;, COD,

9 3 : 553,,,,, 参考文献 : [1] Round F E. The Ecology of Algae[M]. London: Cambridge University Press, 1981: [2] Cheng J L, Zhang Y, Zhang D, et al. Analysis of ecological environment elements during the red tide occurring in Haizhou Bay[J]. Advances in Marine Science, 2009, 27(2): [,,,. [J]., 2009, 27(2): ] [3] Zhang S Y, Zhang H J, Jiao J P, et al. Change of ecological environment of artificial reef waters in Haizhou Bay[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2006, 30(4): [,,,. [J]., 2006, 30(4): ] [4] Zhou Y B, Cai W G, Chen H G, et al. The mechanism and research progress of fish attraction technique for artificial reefs[j]. Marine Fisheries, 2010, 32(2): [,,,. [J]., 2010, 32(2): ] [5] Zhang S, Sun M C, Chen Y. The attractive effects of different structural artificial reef models on juvenile Schlegelps rockfish Sebastes schlegeli and fat greenling Hexagrammos otakii[j]. Journal of Dalian Fisheries University, 2008, 23(1): [,,. 鲉 [J]., 2008, 23(1): ] [6] Wang Z H, Zhang S Y, Wang K, et al. A preliminary study on fish and macroinvertebrate enhancement inartificial reef area around Sanheng Isle, Shengsi, China[J]. Journal of fisheries of China, 2010, 34(5): [,,,. [J]., 2010, 34(5): ] [7] Zhou Y B, Cai W G, Chen H G, et al. Attraction effect of various artificial reef models on Sparus macrocephalus[j]. Journal of fisheries of China, 2011, 35(5): [,,,. 10 [J]., 2011, 35(5): ] [8] Zhou Y B, Cai W G, Chen H G, et al. Attractive effect of combination of artificial reef models on young Lutjanus argentimaculatus in experimental tank[j]. Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait, 2012, 31(2): [,,,. [J]., 2012, 31(2): ] [9] Liu H S, Ma X, Zhang S Y, et al. Research on model experiments of effects of artificial reefs on flow field[j]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2009, 33(2): [,,,. [J]., 2009, 33(2): ] [10] Li J, Zhang S Y. The comparison between numerical simulation and water channel experiment on an Mi-Zi artificial reef[j]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2010, 34(10): [ 珺,. [J]., 2010, 34(10): ] [11] Zheng Y X, Guan C T, Song X F, et al. Numerical simulation on flow field around star artificial reefs[j]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2012, 28(19): [,,,. [J]., 2012, 28(19): ] [12] Zheng Y X, Liang Z L, Guan C T, et al. Numerical simulation and experimental study on flow field of artificial reefs in three tube-stacking layouts[j].oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 2014, 45(1): [,,,. PIV [J]., 2014, 45(1): ] [13] Fu D W, Chen Y, Chen Y S, et al. PIV experiment of artificial monomer reefs on the flowing field[j]. Journal of Dalian Ocean University, 2014, 29(1): [,,,. PIV [J]., 2014, 29(1): ] [14] Yang L, Zhang S, Sun M C, et al. The research of relationships between phytoplankton and environmental factors in artificial reef area of Haizhou Bay[J]. Journal of Shanghai Ocean University, 2011, 20(3): [,,,. [J]., 2011, 20(3): ] [15] Yang L, Zhang S, Sun M C, et al. Community structure of phytoplankton and its relationships with environmental factors in artificial reef area of Haizhou Bay in spring and summer[j]. Journal of Biology, 2011, 28(6): [,,,. [J]., 2011, 28(6): ] [16] Jiang Z B, Chen Q Z, Shou L, et al. Community composition of net-phytoplankton and its relationship with the environmental factors at artificial reef area in Xiangshan Bay[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2012, 32(18): [,,,.

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11 3 : 555 Phytoplankton community composition and its relationship with environmental factors in the artificial reef area around the Qiansan Islets, Haizhou Bay LIU Changdong, GUO Xiaofeng, TANG Yanli, SHENG Huaxiang, HUANG Liuyi Ocean Fisheries Department, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao , China Abstract: As primary producers, phytoplankton play an important role in ensuring the laws of material recycling and energy flow in aquatic ecosystems. Phytoplankton abundance and community structure are indicators of the marine environment. Thus, they influence fisheries resources through a bottom-up effect. The Qiansan Islets have been rich in fisheries resources for a long time, but over-fishing and environmental degradation have put tremendous pressure on this marine ecosystem in recent years. Thus, the local government conducted an artificial reef construction project beginning in 2005 to improve the marine environment and enhance fisheries resources. In this study, we used multivariate statistical analysis to compare phytoplankton community structure at different times (four seasons) and locations (artificial reef and control areas) to assess primary production in this region after constructing an artificial reef. Four cruise survey samplings were carried out at the artificial reef island and the adjacent waters around the Qiansan Islets in Haizhou Bay from September 2012 to August Eighty-five species in 35 genera and three phyla were identified, including 67 species of Bacillariophycophyta, 17 species of Pyrrophycophyta, and one species of Chrysophycophta. Phytoplankton abundance values in spring and autumn ( and cells/m 3, respectively) were significantly higher than those in summer and winter ( and cells/m 3, respectively). The dominant species included Chaetoceros densus, Chaetoceros constrictus, Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetus, Coscinodiscus subtilis var. subtilis, Coscinodiscus debilis, Chaetoceros castracanei, Chaetoceros curvisetus, and Chaetoceros debilis. C. densus was the most dominant species in the spring. Phytoplankton community parameters (species number, abundance, chlorophyll a concentration, Margalef s richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity, and the Pielou evenness index) were not significantly different (P>0.05) between the reef and control areas, except the Shannon Wiener diversity and the Pielou evenness indices in spring, but significant differences were found among seasons (P<0.01). Environmental factors were also significantly different seasonally, but no differences were found between the reef and control areas. Multidimensional scaling and cluster analyses showed that phytoplankton community composition was very similar between areas but significantly different among seasons. The similar phytoplankton community structure was probably due to the close proximity of the reef to the control area, the small scale and deep water in the sampling area, the sampling sites close proximity to the island, and the short settling time of the artificial reef. A redundancy analysis showed that temperature, SiO 3 -Si, dissolved oxygen, PO 4 -P, BOD 5, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand, and transparency were the main factors influencing the phytoplankton community. Key words: phytoplankton; artificial reef; environmental variable; redundancy analysis; Haizhou Bay Corresponding author: TANG Yanli. tangyanli@ouc.edu.cn

Microsoft Word 叶然_new_.doc

Microsoft Word 叶然_new_.doc 46 2 Vol.46, No.2 2015 3 OCEANOLOGIA ET LIMNOLOGIA SINICA Mar., 2015 * 1 ( 315012) 2013 (120 128 E 25 33 N) 4, : (1) DIN( )P( ) Si( )DIN SiP, DINP,, SiDIN SiP, (2) N P, 126 E P, 126 E N ; (3) 2001 2010,