5 helping behavior 1. 2. 3. sociobiology empathy social norm social exchange
6 kinship selection reciprocal altruism Wilson, 1975 Batson et al., 1981 Miller, 1994 cost reward Bar-Tal, 1976 Latane Darley 1970
diffusion of responsibility Latane Darley Hedge & Yousif, 1992Steblay, 1987 Darley & Batson, 1973Hui, 1994 Khanna, Singh, & Rushton, 1993 Eisenberg1999 Bierhoff 1991 social responsibility empathy belief in a just world internal locus of control egocentrism social approval (Deutsch & Lamberti, 1986) Benson, Karabenick, & Lerner, 1976 Lynn & Mynier, 1993 Depalma, et al., 1999Dooley, 1995 Emswiller, Deaux, & Willits, 7
1971 Clark & Mills, 1993 Fisher threat to self esteemfisher, et al., 1982 Fisher Greenberg & Frisch, 1972Nadler, 8
Fisher, & Streufert, 1974 Gergen & Gergen, 1971 Enzle Schopflocher1978 Gergen & Gergen, 1971 Guerin, 1999Li, 1998 Briar 1966 70 67 Taylor, Peplau, & Sears, 1997 norm of reciprocity Mauss, 1954/1984 Gouldner1960 Gouldner 1. 2. Gouldner 9
10 indebtedness control role George & Jones, 2002 Organ 1988 organizational citizenship behavior OCB helping behavior
Podsakoff, 2000 job satisfaction (fairness perception) organizational commitment trust in leader conscientiousness cohesive perceive organizational support role ambiguity role conflict reward outside the leader s control spatial distance from leader task routinization overall evaluation Avila, Fern, & Mann, 1988MacKenzie, Podsakoff, & Fetter, 1991Podsakoff & MacKenzie, 1994 organizational performance Podsakoff, Ahearne, & MacKenzie, 1997Walz & Niehoff, 1996 11
1995 1996 Greenberg1980 theory of indebtedness Greenberg Greenberg Greenberg1980 social exchange theory 12
13 Greenberg discomfort Greenberg 1. action of freedom 2. 3. Greenberg Greenberg 1. 2. 3. 4. Greenberg Greenberg
14 Greenberg I BC Iindebtedness Bbenefit net benefits = - Ccost net costs = - Greenberg
15 Greenberg Greenberg 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. Greenberg Greenberg
Greenberg & Frisch, 1972Aikawa1990 Greenberg & Frisch, 1972Li1998 Gross & Latane, 1974 De Cooke (1997) 16
17 Bar-Tal 1977) De Cooke (1992) Aikawa1990 Creditor Personality Greenberg1983 owing being owed Greenberg, 1983
18 1957/1979Chang & Holt, 1994Ho, 1993 Chang & Holt, 1994 1981
19 1957/1979 Weber 1988
20 1993.
21 1981 1988 1981 Chang Holt1994 Chang Holt 1. 2. 3. Greenberg1980, 1983 1981
22 1988 1981 1. 2. karma
23 1. 2. 3. Shumaker & Jackson, 1979 Castro, 1974 1957/1979
24 Greenberg1980 1993 Greenberg & Frisch, 1972 Aikawa 1990 1957/1979Chang & Holt, 1994Ho, 1993
1993 ( ) relational schema Andersen, 1993Baldwin, 1992Baldwin & Keelan, 1999Baldwin & Main, 2001 interpersonal script(baldwin, 1992 25
schema Fisk & Taylor, 1991 Baldwin1992 self schema other schema interpersonal script Markus & Zajonc, 1985 Baldwin sequence of actions and events Baldwin 1999 26
27 Duck1993 Andersen1993 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1988
Clark Mills1979 Clark Mills exchange relationship communal relationship Pruitt1972 norm of mutual responsiveness Li1998 Baldwin1992 Clark Mills1979 communal script exchange script Li 28
Li1998 Kayser 1980 theory of intrapersonal contracts prototype of interpersonal relationship interpretive schema Kayser Schwinger, 1986 2-1 2-1 29
30 Schwinger1986 2-1 Tuner1988
31 1993 1998 1. psychological disability 2. 19931995 2000 2000 Redding, 1990 power distance Hofstede, 1984Kirkbride, Tang Westwood1991 199319952000
32 Hwang (1997) Baldwin1992 Li 1998 Kayser 1980 1998 199319952000Hwang, 1997Kirkbride, Tang, & Westwood, 1991
33 Greenberg1980 Greenberg1980 Greenberg Greenberg
34 19941996 career Roloff1987 eight components of an exchange Roloff
35 Gouldner1960 exact equivalence rough equivalence Gouldner Blau1964 1. 2.
36 contingent exchange noncontingent exchange Gouldner1960 homomorphic reciprocity heteromorphic reciprocity 1. 2. Mauss, 1954/1984 Roloff1987 Roloff 1.
2. Roloff 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Roloff 37