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唯钞鲁
9 years ago
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11 Mutable 2 Comprehensive 3 Divergent 4 Transitive 5 Complex (1979) 1999 performance construct concept logical inference Campbell, Barnard desired end actual outputs desired outputs Au1996Barnard 2000 Argyris (input) 1-11

12 (output) Seashore and Yuchtman Mott centers of power Sluyter Campell construct Contingency Theory 1995 Goal Approach Systems Approach Participation-Satisfaction Approach -- Contin- gency-structure Approach 1-12

13 The Competing Values Models Integrated Approach Goal Approach Price, 1968, Etzioni, 1961, Official Goal Model 2. Operative or Actual Goal Model 3. Goal Hierarchy Model official goals 1 Official goals 2 Operative goals Systems Approach 1. Social system model Parsons value pattern 1-13

14 2. Resource System Model 3. Open-system Model Katz and Kahn Organizational Heath Model Bennis 5. Adaptive-Coping Cycle Model Shien Adaptive-Coping Cycle Model 2-1 bargaining position 2-1 Participation-Satisfaction Approach 1-14

15 1. Inducement-contribution Model Barnard 2. Human Relations or Human Resource Model Supporting environment 3. Public Philosophy Model Contingency-Structure Approach 1-15

16 1. Organic-Machanistic Model Burns Stalker Primary-Secondary-Teriary System 3. Context-Structure Model size technology environment The Competing Values Models Integrated Approach 1.Steers Process Model Steers Optimization Maximization System Perspective Be- 1-16

17 havioral Emphasis 2.KotterSystem Dynamics Model Dynamics Kotter 1 Effective 2 Coalition3 Adaptive 3.HallContradiction Model Hall 1 Organizations face multiple and conflicting environmental constraints2 Organizations have multiple and conflicting goals3 Organizations have multiple and conflicting external and internal constituencies 4 All organizations have multiple and conflicting time frame Hall Multiple Constitutiencies

18 Deming Juran

19 human service 1-19

20 evaluation human service clients centeredness Martin & Kettner (Criteria) Steers 1995 Univariate Effectiveness Measures Thorndike Productivity Net Profit Mission Accomplishment Maintenance and Extending Campbell(1973) 1 Comprehensiveness 2 Appropriateness Multi-variant Effectiveness Measures 1 Conceptualization of the Organization Level of Analysis 6 Determinants7 Time Perspective

21 SEA 1-21

22 Staw organizational effectiveness Hersey Blanchard

23 causal variable intervening variable output variable PriceSteers Dessler Organization Characteristics 2 Employee Characteristics 3 Managerial Process, Organizational Process or Group Dynamics 4 Environmental Characteristics

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25 Peter Blau Martin Kettner MartinKettner

27 2-6 10%

28 2-7 Martin,

30 client end states 1-30

32 /

33 cost control sur- plus / / ( / ) /

34 survival adaptability growth people2. organizations3. programs4. environment Au,

36 2-7 (200098) 1-36

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44 10 10 Likert Likert 1-44

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46 % 1-46

48 Likert Likert 1-48

49 % % 54% 44% % 40% -1.1 D 1-49

50 76% 84% 68% 10 28% 88% 84% 1-50

51 -1.2 D 1-51

52 % 36% 32% 28% 20% D 2 91% 4 50% % % 60000

53 96% 36% 32% 2 / // 4 / // 4 // // 1-53

54 1-54 D

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57 64% 8% 2-8% -4.1 D -4.2 D 2~8% 1-57

58 -4.3 D

59 -4.4 D 66% 26% 18% -4.5 D 1-59

60 32% 72% 28%

61 -5.1 D 68% 20% 12% - 48% 38% 14%

62 % 36% 20% 46% 46% 8% 8% 58% 30% 12% 20% 36% 44% 22% 46% 32% 16% 38% 46%

63 % 46% 24% 20% 56% 20% 80% 24% 56% 22% 12% 66% 12% 88% 22% 66% 1 18% 20% 62% 20% 80% 18% 62% 2 24% 24% 52% 24% 76% 24% 52% 36%

64 1-64

65 12% 58% 30% 60% 24% 16% 52% 36% 12% 48% 10% 10% 44% 24% 32% 48% 32% 20% 1-65

66 % 26% 36% 36% 50% 50% 36% 14% 14% 46% 42% 30% 6%

67 % 62% 10% 12% 44% 44% 56% 40% 4%

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B240C management managers 1 scientific management approach2 general administrative theorists approach 3 human resources approach 4 quantitative approa

B240C management managers 1 scientific management approach2 general administrative theorists approach 3 human resources approach 4 quantitative approach 1 process approach 2 systems approach 3 contingency