37 1 Vol. 37 No.1 2 0 1 6 1 TSINGHUA JOURNAL OF EDUCATION Jan. 2 0 1 6 4. 0 100872 1. 0 2. 0 3. 0 4. 0 4. 0 4. 0 G640 A 1001-4519 2016 01-0006 - 10 DOI 10. 14138 /j. 1001-4519. 2016. 01. 000610 11-12 18 1. 0 18 1. 0 1. 0 18 1. 0 1852 2015-12 - 10.
4. 0 7 1 2 20 3 1. 0 2. 0 19 20 2. 0 2. 0 19 1865 1868 1870 1872 1876 1877 1879 1880 1890 1904 1910 19 70 4 19 20 20 1. M. 2009. 36. 2 30-31. 3. M. 2010. 227. 4. M. 2003. 212-213.
8 2016 1 19 20 1850 1899 5% 1912 1900 20 20 1 1862 28 15 1865 3. 0 20 3. 0 20 1973 1978 4 3. 0 2. 0 19 20 20 20 50 1. M. 2008. 107-108.
4. 0 9 70 20 60 3. 0 2. 0 1945 50 322 1967 37% 25% 1967 40% 1 1998 2 20 70 3. 0 4. 0 4. 0 4. 0 4. 0 1. 4. 0 1. M. 2008. 275-276. 2 364-365.
10 2016 1 4. 0 2. 4. 0 4. 0 20 80 3. 4. 2025 20 70 40 4. 0 1 2 3 4
4. 0 11 4. 0 1 1. 4. 0 1. 0 2. 0 3. 0 4. 0 3. 0 4. 0 4. 0 4. 0
12 2016 1 2. 0 2. 0 2. 2. 0 OECD 1 3. 4. 0 1 M. J. 2013 4 2-16.
4. 0 13 19 10% 85% 90% 10% 10% 1 2 1. N. 2013-10 - 13 2. 2 M. J. 2013 4 2-16.
14 2016 1 1 2 4. 3 4 1. N. 2013-05 - 12 4. 2. N. 2015-09 - 15 4. 3. J. 2001 9 1-2. 4. J. 2014 9 73-77.
4. 0 15 19 1 30 8 50% 100% 96. 7% 83. 3% 83. 3% 73. 3% 70. 0% 50% 50% 2004 20 4. 0 4. 0 38 1. M. 2002. 654.
38 2016 1 1 2 Social Efficiency Scientific Management or Social Control CHEN Lu-xi School of Education Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 Abstract Scientific management is an artificial part of the concept social efficiency but not all of it. Basically social efficiency means social control and represents a kind of thinking about the social responsibility of schooling i. e. the schooling system as a sub-social system shoulders the important responsibility of social control. It is by no means value neutral but rather class biased. Its primary goal is to instill new middle-class values into all aspects such as knowledge school management and teacher training play the role of social exclusion and social solidarity and stabilize the new middle class in the whole society. Social efficiency has been the core value judgment of the social responsibility of the American public educational system since the 20th century. Key words social efficiency scientific management social control 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪 15 Higher Education Talent Cultivation Mode in the Era of Industry 4. 0 LI Li-guo School of Education Remin university of China Beijing 100872 Abstract Industrialization guided the development of human civilization and ushered in a new era of university development. During the four industrial revolutions and the industrialization process of human society the roles and status of the university changed and so did its operation mode and talent cultivation mode. In the steam era of Industry 1. 0 the university was an ivory tower and talent cultivation was restricted to traditional intellectual training. In the era of Industry 2. 0 the goal of talent cultivation changed from cultivating generalists in classical universities to training professionals with specialization as its main feature. In the era of Industry 3. 0 talent cultivation overcame excessive specialization and a semi-open mode was formed which emphasized both professional education and general education. Now in the era of Industry 4. 0 emphasizes is put on fundamental comprehensive personalized and practical talent cultivation and a mode of general education-based professional education has been formed. Higher education should not only be open to the outside but also achieve the opening and integration of different departments within a university. Only in this way can talent cultivation actually adapt to the era of Industry 4. 0. Key words industrial revolution industrialization era of Industry 4. 0 talent cultivation mode 1Roberta Sigel Learning about Politics a Reader in Political Socialization New York Random House 1970 316. 2Michael Katz The Irony of Early School Reform Educational Innovation in mid - Nineteenth Century Massachusetts Cambridge Mass. Harvard University Press 1968 Michael Katz Class Bureaucracy and Schools the Illusion of Educational Change in America New York Praeger 1971 Joel Spring Education and Rise of the Corporate State Boston Beacon Press 1972 Joel Spring The Sorting Machine National Educational Policy since 1945 New York Mckay 1976.