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82 20 1 Xie Fu: A Lay Buddhist in Eastern Jin Dynasty Chih-chang Chi Abstract During the Eastern Jin, discussing philosophy and preaching Buddhism became fashionable among the gentry. The gentry were introduced and converted to Buddhist doctrine by many kinds of occasions and activities, such as hypothetical discourses, debates, public sermons and social gatherings. After the course of several hundred years, the gentry accepted Buddhism with literati and eminent monks keeping good company, as recorded in various works. For instance, Shishuo xinyu is a work that collected mainly the ideology, words and deeds of literati, but also included some records of eminent monks. On the other hand, Biography of Esteemed Monks primarily recorded the beliefs, thoughts and actions of eminent monks, yet included some records of some literati. The fact that both literati and eminent monks concurrently appeared and acted spiritedly in medieval Chinese s cultural circles could imply that one other kind of scholar exists in between these two: the lay Buddhist. Xie Fu, being neither a famous literati nor an eminent monk in Eastern Jin, was often called a lay Buddhist. Despite the paucity of documentation on Xie Fu, this article attempts to conduct research on him by collecting materials on him from works such as the Shishuo xinyu, Biography * Chih-chang Chi is a Ph.D. student in the Department of Chinese Literature at National Taiwan University.
83 of Esteemed Monks, Jin shu, Chu sancang jiji, Guanghong mingji, Guan Shiyi yingyan ji and Mingxiang ji. This article will describe more clearly Xie Fu s family background, life, social intercourse and beliefs. In addition, an outline will be made of the form, beliefs and ideology of a typical lay Buddhist of that time and an investigation made into such a lifestyle in the context of converging Confucian and Buddhism doctrines. Keywords: Lay Buddhist, Xie Fu, Eastern Jin, Biography of Esteemed Monks, Shishuo xinyu