2010 9 91-158 * ** Total War and Local Culture Discourses on the Local Culture in Taiwan, Revival of Taiwanese Culture, and Professors of the College of Liberal Arts and Law of Taipei Imperial University by LIU Shu-Chin Keywords: wartime, the organization in support of the royal monarchy, discourses on the local culture, gaichi literature, Taipei Imperial University, cultural revival 2009 6 1 2010 4 8 Received: June 1, 2009; in revised form: April 8, 2010. * 学 湾 区 満 2008 8 1-3 NSC96-2411-H-007-017-MY3 ** 300 101 E-mail:scliu@mx.nthu.edu.tw
092 2010 9 1 2 3 4 5 Abstract: After the movement of invigorating the local culture, which originated in
093 Japan, was enlarged to cover Taiwan, three streams of cultural discourses were respectively but also mutually evoked in Taiwan: the officially-made discourse on the local culture with the wartime spiritual construction of people as its primary objective, referring to the issue of shaping proper identities that would qualify people of the nation; the native discourse on the local culture mainly concerned about the subjectivity and modernity of Taiwanese culture, referring to the construction of the local subjectivity; the discourse on the gaichi culture made by the Japanese in Taiwan by taking into consideration their social circumstances and future vision, lying between the former two poles of cultural discourses. The divergent positions and patterns of discourses on the local culture in Taiwan inaugurated a space for the mediation and intervention of multiple streams of cultural power and furthermore buffered the effects of direct confrontation that might be provoked in an encounter between the cultural policy enforced by the ruling class and the local cultural circle. Cultural mobilization served as the general background of the cultural revival in Taiwan during World War II, which was the result of an interaction among the abovementioned three streams of cultural discourses. Professors of Taipei Imperial University interfered in surveys on the colonial development in the South and in researches on Taiwan, so they are involved in three kinds of the discourses and result in the impact on it. This paper attempts to explore the diverse cultural discourses in Taiwan through the following subtopics: (1) How did the various measures enforced in different phases of the movement of Japanese assimilation of the local culture influence the trend of localization in Taiwan? (2) How could the geopolitical changes aroused by military expansion and the cultural movement around the Ring of Pan-East-Asian Collective Prosperity launched by the Japanese Empire revitalize the given cultural position of a colony ranked under the imperial standards of categorization? How did the cultural elites in Taiwan appropriate the local cultural discourse in support of the royal monarchy in Japan to strive for wartime maintenance and empowerment of the local culture? (3) Under the operation of the native discourse on the local culture, what kinds of fruitful results were achieved during the wartime cultural revival in Taiwan? How did the ruling class eventually become aware of the strategies adopted by the native discourse on the local culture, which took advantage of the interstices within the official frame of cultural policies and later as a result was compelled to make amendments to its strategies in terms of the strictly modified cultural policies?
094 2010 9 (4) During the period of transition from the homeland culture to the local culture in Taiwanese culture, as well as situated in a popular trend of constructing Taiwan as an academic subject of study officially espoused by the colonial government, what kind of role did professors of Taipei Imperial University perform? (5) During this period when an academic division of labor was effected under the cultural governance and the system of cultural mobilization, how did professors of the Department of Literature in Taipei Imperial University, as the lowest rank of the technical capital in the system of academic mobilization, interfere in different attitudes towards the support or governance of culture in Taiwan so as to become either the defender of cultural autonomy or the collaborator of cultural governance?
095 1937 7 1937-40 1940-43 1930 1 1 1930 1940
096 2010 9 1920 30 1930 1940 1937-45 1940 1 2 geopolitics
097 3 4 5 2 global localization 3 2 Rainer Tetzlaff 2001 9 94-99 3 Roland Robertson, Globalization : Social Theory and Global Culture, London : Sage, 1992.
098 2010 9 glocalization 4 4 Arif Dirlik 34 10 2006 3 23-43
099 5 6 1938 5 1931-37 1930 11 2009 6 6 6 33 7 2004 12 57-75
100 2010 9 30 40 1937 1931-37 1940 6 7 30 1930 7 1930 7 1930-1945 1996 3 41-43
101 8 30 1936 9 1930 1930 8 1930 2008 7 9 2003 6 2004 6
102 2010 9 1935 1935 1939 1940 10 11 10 湾 将来 1940 3 10-12 11 2 1 1942 2 21-24
103 1940 1930 1930-40 1930 1936 7 1939 5 1941
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107 1940 7 9 10 1941 1 16 16 1941 1 24-64
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109 19 19 1 2007 9 41-72 4 2008 6 21-37 5 2008 9 53-60
110 2010 9 20 1940 10 1938 7 12 1941 4 8 1895 21 22 23 1920 20 湾 発 21
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112 2010 9 25 1930 30 1935 1935 1930 1936 52-72 25 1936 9
113 26 1930 27 1940 1941 26 1 2 1936 3 1991 2 225-237 27 1930
114 2010 9 28 29 28 2001 12 27-28 2 29 対 会 4 2 1943 2 8-13
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116 2010 9 1920-30 32 1943 12 32 1938 1 6 1981 10 62
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118 2010 9 1930 1930 1940 1943 1936 3 1938 1938 10 11 34 34 1938 11 1 3 1 2 1938 11 15 4
119 35 36 37 1939 38 35 1 2 1938 11 15 11 36 2005 7 411-436 37 2005 5 63-90 38 426-433
120 2010 9 39 40 1930 30 41 39 戦 465 1989 1 57 40 1937-1945 2009 1 41 2004 4 96-100
121 1910-30 42 43 42 Spectacle 2009 7 25-26 43
122 2010 9 1942 11 44 44 戦 7 戦 2001 5 185-214
123 1930 1941 10 1942 1942 8 1942 11 1944
124 2010 9 1943 12 1940 12 1941 4 1941 5 1943 4 5
125 1942 1943 1941 10 12 1942 6 7 1942 45 1942 5 11 46 1942 7 11 45 戦争 学 1994 5 61-65 46 1943 8 58
126 2010 9 1943 1943 47 47 2009 5 453-469 175-218
127 1941 8 1941 9 3 1941 2 1942 7 1943 4 1943 5 1942 11 1943 11 1942 1943 48 1940 10 1942 6 7 11 1943 11 48 67 2007 1 24-25
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129 50 50 湾総 2008 2 366-375
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132 2010 9 30 1937 1930 VS. VS.
133 1928 1926
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135 60 61 1939 1936 6 62 1929 1940 1939 1943 210-255 60 1943 1943 1944 219-223 61 88-90 62 1943 Academia- 1997 5 72-98
136 2010 9 63 64 65 63 64 Academia- 19 22 65 5 2007 10 217-258
137 1938 7 1945 66 1939 11 1929-33 1941 67 1943 68 66 135-138 67 1941 1942 68 1999 4 62 1999 4 62
138 2010 9 1935
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140 2010 9 1931 71 1927 1935 1943 1934 1930 1934 72 20 1920-30 73 1930 71 1995 6 296-303 72 198 1936 5 63-69 199 1936 6 69-75 200 1936 7 56-61 73 184 1935 3 101-106
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142 2010 9 1928-29 THE FORMOSA 1936 1930 1940 1930 76 76 1920-40
143 1939 1940 1940 1941 1942 8 1940 1 1941 2 1942 8 1942 12 1942 11 1942 12 1943 1 THE CULTURES OF EMERGENCY: CULTURAL PRODUCTION IN TIMES OF TURMOIL 2009 8 14-16 1940 2009 9 10-11
144 2010 9 77 1943 4 1944 5 1945 1 1940 7 78 77 503-505 78 1 4 1940 7 10 262-265
145 1940 1943 79 80 1943 81 79 湾 学 2 1 1942 2 2-6 80 332-341 81 3 1 1943 1 2-5
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149 88 1941 2 89 1941 7 1941 12 88 232-255 89 125 1941 3 3
150 2010 9
151
152 2010 9 1938
153 Arif Dirlik 2006 34(10) Rainer Tetzlaff 2001 1938 1(2) 1941 125 2009 2009 2010 1895-1945 1936 1(2) 1981 1988 2005 2004 2008 2009 1937-1945 2009
154 2010 9 2004 2001 2009 1996 1930-1945 1938 1 2) 1938 1 2008 2009 Spectacle 2008 1942 ~1943 8 2007 1 2008 4 2008 5 2005 6 2005 2007 5 2008
155 4 2009 1930 11 2009 2009 2009 1940 2009 THE CULTURES OF EMERGENCY CULTURAL PRODUCTION IN TIMES OF TURMOIL 2005 1991 2003 1999 1997 Academia- 1 1997 Academia- 1 2009 2009 1937-40 2006 2006 ~ 2007
156 2010 9 2004 33(7) 200767 2005 2008 2007 18 2001 2009 2003 2004 2008 1930 1943 湾 湾 学 279 1943 対 会 4(2) 1942 2(1) 1940 1(4) 1941 1 1942 2(1) 1943 3(1) 1942 2(3) 1989 戦 465 1935 讃 6 1942 5(3)
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