11 1 2014 : 69 83 69 Ludwik Fleck, 1896 1961 [Fleck 1979, pp. 154 165] [Grzybowski 2012] 20 1981 1984 Kolloquium Ludwik Fleck 1992 8 Society for Social Studies of Science 4S Ludwik Fleck Prize 2004 Die Ausstellung 2005 7 7
70 11 1 2014 Collegium Helveticum Ludwik Fleck Zentrum Séubice Collegium Polonicum Von der wissenschaftlichen Tatsache zur Wissensproduktion. Ludwik Fleck und seine Bedeutung für die Diskussion um Wissen, Kultur und Macht 2006 Ecole des Mînes de Paris Genèse et développement d un fait scientifique (1935) Retour sur les fondements, la fécondité et l actualitéde la pensée de Ludwik Fleck Ludwik-Fleck-Kreis Y. Elkana [Elkana 1986] T. J. Trenn [Fleck 1979, p. xiv] T. S. Kuhn [Kuhn 1996, p. ix] B. Latour [Latour 2007, p. 112] 1 [Fleck 1986, p. 39]
71 1929 Naturwissenschaften Kurt Riezler 1928 Die Krise der Wirklichkeit) [Fleck 1986, pp. 47 57] Denkstil Denkkollektiv 2 Ur-Präideen 15 Lustseuche August von Wassermann 1866-1925 1906
72 11 1 2014 Spirochaeta pallida [Fleck 1979, p. 19] 3 Träger [Fleck 1979, p. 39] [Fleck 1979, p. 142] [Fleck 1986, p. 81]
73 [Fleck 1979, p. 42] [Fleck 1979, p. 42] Gnostic [Fleck 1986, p. 82] [Fleck 1979, p. 110] Inkompatibilität [Fleck 1979, p. 111] [Fleck 1979, p. 110]
74 11 1 2014 4 [Fleck 1979, pp. 108 109] [Fleck 1979, p. 155] [ 1998] 1935 200 7 [Shapin 1980] [Bunge 1981] Hans Reichenbach 1938 Experience and Predication 1
75 20 70 W. Baldamus [Hedfors 2005] 1981 1984 2001 S. Brorson H. Andersen [Brorson & Andersen 2001] 2003 B. E. Babich [Babich 2003a] Steve Fuller Thomas Kuhn: A Philosophical History for Our Times [Babich 2003b] 2011 N. Mößner [Mößner 2011] 2012 L. Stark [Stark 2012]
76 11 1 2014 1935 Entstehung und Entwicklung einer wissenschaftlichen Tatsache. Einführung in die Lehre vom Denkstil und Denkkollektiv 1979 Genesis and Development of a Scientifi c Fact 1980 1983 Genesi e sviluppo di un fatto scientifi c 1986 La génesis y el desarrollo de un hecho cientifico Powstanie i rozwój faktu naukowego 1997 Uppkomsten och utvecklingen av ett vetenskapligt faktum 2003 2005 2008 Genèse et développement d un fait scientifique 1979 1983 Erfahrung und Tatsache:Gesammelte Aufsatze mit einer Einleitung 7 1981 1984 R. S. Cohen T. Schnelle Cognition and Fact 7 1983 7 14 2011 Denkstile und Tatsachen. Gesammelte Texte und Zeugnisse 1979 1980 S. Shapin [Shapin 1980] 1981 M. Bunge 1. 2. 3. 4. [Bunge 1981] 1984 T. Lenoir [Lenoir 1984] 1986 J. Harwood 1979 1980 1982
77 Ludwik Fleck, Leben und Denken 1983 1986 K. Twardowski K. Ajdukiewicz L. Chwistek [Harwood 1986] 19 70 1979 1982 1982 Ludwik Fleck, Leben und Denken: zur Entstehung und Entwicklung des soziologischen Denkstils in der Wissenschaftsphilosophie 1990 I. Löwy [Löwy 1990] 2000 S. Brorson 1. 2. 3. 4. [Brorson 2000] 2003 K. Weiss [Weiss 2003] 2004 [Löwy 2004] 2008 [Löwy 2008] 2011 A. Peine Incommensurability [Peine 2011] 2012 C. Zittel 20 [Zittel 2012] 1988 D. Stump
78 11 1 2014 [Stump 1988] 2001 [Löwy 2001] 2008 C. Forstner David J. Bohm, 1917 1992 [Forstner 2008] [Grzybowski 2012] [Seidel 2011; Hagner 2012] E. Hedfors [Hedfors 2005, 2006] [Hedfors 2007] [Amsterdamska et al. 2008] [Hedfors 2008] 2009 G. Weisz [Weisz 2009] 2 1991 [ 1991]
79 [ 2001 39 2007 2010 2012 2012 2013 2013] 1998 2000 [ 1998, 2000] 2006 [ 2006 82 86 92] 2007 2009 20 [ 2009 55 89] 2012 3 [
80 11 1 2014 2002] [ 1985 141] [ 2000] Amsterdamska et al. 2008. Medical Science in the Light of a Flawed Study of the Holocaust: A Comment on Eva Hedfors Paper on Ludwik Fleck. Social Studies of Science. 38(6): 937 944. Babich, B. E. 2003a. From Fleck s Denkstil to Kuhn s paradigm: Conceptual schemes and
81 incommensurability. International Studies in the Philosophy of Science. 17(1):75 92. Babich, B. E. 2003b. Kuhn s paradigm as a parable for the Cold War: incommensurability and its discontents from Fuller s Tale of Harvard to Fleck s Unsung Lvov. Social Epistemology: A Journal of Knowledge, Culture and Policy. 17: 99 109. Brorson, S. Ludwik Fleck on proto-ideas in medicine. Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy. 3: 147 152. Brorson, S. and Andersen, H. 2001. Stabilizing and Changing Phenomenal Worlds: Ludwik Fleck and Thomas Kuhn on Scientific Literature. Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie. 32(1): 109 129. Bunge, M. 1981. [Book Review]Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact(1979). Behavioral Science. 26:178 180. Elkana, Y. 1986. Is There a Distinction Between External and Internal Sociology of Science? (Commentary on a paper by John Ziman). See Cohen and Schnelle, pp. 309 323. Fleck, L. 1979. Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Fleck, L. 1980. Entstehung und Entwicklung einer wissenschaftlichen Tatsache. Einführung in die Lehre vom Denkstil und Denkkollektiv (suhrkamp taschenbuch wissenschaft). Schäfer, L., Schnelle, T.(Hrsg.). Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag. Fleck, L. 1986. Cognition and Fact. Materials on Ludwik Fleck. Cohen, R. S., Schnelle, T.(eds.). Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, v. 87. Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Company. Fleck, L. 2011. Denkstile und Tatsachen: Gesammelte Schriften und Zeugnisse (suhrkamp taschenbuch wissenschaft). Werner, S., Zittel, C.( Hrsg.). Berlin: Suhrkamp Verlag. Forstner, C. 2008. The Early History of David Bohm s Quantum Mechanics Through the Perspective of Ludwik Fleck s Thought-Collectives. Minerva. 46: 215 229. Graf, E. O. and Mutter, K. 2000. Zur Rezeption des Werkes von Ludwik Fleck. Zeitschrift für philosophische Forschung. 54 (2): 274 288. Grzybowski, A. 2012. Ludwik Fleck (1896 1962) and his contribution to dermatology. Clinics in Dermatology. 30: 663 667. Hagner, M. 2012. Perception, knowledge and freedom in the age of extremes: on the historical epistemology of Ludwik Fleck and Michael Polanyi. Studies East European Thought. 64: 107 120. Harwood, J. 1986. BOOK REVIEW: Ludwik Fleck and the Sociology of Knowledge. Social Studies of Science. 16 (1): 173 187. Hedfors, E. 2005. The reading of Ludwik Fleck, Sources and context. Licentiate thesis in philosophy from the Royal Institute of Technology. Hedfors, E. 2006. The reading of Fleck: Questions of sources and impetus. Social Epistemology. 20: 131 161. Hedfors, E. 2007. Medical ethics in the wake of the Holocaust: departing from a postwar paper by Ludwik Fleck. Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences. 38: 642 655. Hedfors, E. 2008. Medical Science in the Light of the Holocaust: Reply to a Biased Reading. Social Studies of Science. 38 (6): 945 950. Kuhn, T. S. 1996. The structure of scientfi c revolutions (3rd ed.). Chicago/London: The University of Chicago Press. Latour, B. 2007. Reassembling the social: an introduction to Actor network theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
82 11 1 2014 Lenoir, T. 1984. [Book Review] Ludwik Fleck: Erfahrung und Tatsache: Gesammelte Aufsatze mit einer Einleitung by Lothar Shafer; Thomas Schnelle. Isis. 75(4): 724 725. Löwy, I. 1990. The Polish school of philosophy of medicine: from Tytus Chalubinski (1820 1889) to Ludwik Fleck (1896 1961), Dordrecht/Boston/London: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Löwy, I. 2001. The Meaning of Absent Practices: From Ludwik Fleck s Views to Studies of Non-Western Science. Science Technology Society. 6: 359. Löwy, I. 2004. Introduction: Ludwik Fleck s epistemologyof medicine and biomedical sciences. Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences. 35: 437 445. Löwy, I. 2008. Ways of seeing: Ludwik Fleck and Polish debates on the perception of reality, 1890 1947. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, Part A. 3: 375 383. Mößner, N. 2011. Thought styles and paradigms a comparative study of Ludwik Fleck and Thomas S. Kuhn. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science. Part A. 42 (2): 362 371. Peine, A. 2011. Challenging Incommensurability: What We Can Learn from Ludwik Fleck for the Analysis of Configurational Innovation. Minerva. 49: 489 508. Seidel, M. 2011. Relativism or Relationism? A Mannheimian Interpretation of Fleck s Claims About Relativism. Journal for General Philosophy of Science. 2: 219 240. Shapin, S. 1980. [Book Review] A View of Scientific Thought. Science. New Series. 207(4435) : 1065 1066. Stark, L. 2012. The House that Kuhn Built: Teaching Fleck s Genesis and Development through Structure[J]. Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences. 5: 570 575. Stump, D. 1988. The Role of Skill in Experimentation: Reading Ludwik Fleck s Study of the Wasserman Reaction as an Example of Ian Hacking s Experimental Realism. PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association. 1: 302 308. Wegmarshaus, G. R. 2007. Vom Denkstil zum Paradigma: Zum Schicksal einer unzeitgem??en Einsicht. In Choluj, B. & Joerden, J. C. (Eds.). Von der wissenschaftlichen Tatsache zur Wissensproduktion: Ludwik Fleck und seine Bedeutung für die Wissenschaft und Praxis. Frankfurt am Main/Berlin/Bern/Bruxelles/New York/Oxford/Wien: Lang. pp. 49 63. Weiss, K. 2003. Ludwik Fleck and the Art-of-Fact. Evolutionary Anthropology. 12:168 172. Weisz, G. M. 2009. COMMENT: Dr Fleck Fighting Fleck Typhus. Social Studies of Science. 2000. 40: 145. originally published online 30 September 2009. Zittel, C. 2007. Die Entstehung und Entwicklung von Ludwik Flecks vergleichender Erkenntnistheorie (Mit einem Anhang: Ludwik Fleck: In der angelegenheit des Artikels von Izydora Dambska ) In: Božena Choluj, Jan C. Joerden (Eds.). Von der wissenschaftlichen Tatsache zur Wissensproduktion: Ludwik Fleck und seine Bedeutung für die Wissenschaft und Praxis. Frankfurt am Main/Berlin/Bern/Bruxelles/New York/Oxford/Wien: Lang. p. 448. Zittel, C. 2012. Ludwik Fleck and the concept of style in the natural sciences. Studies East European Thought. 64: 53 79. 2009. 20. :. 2012.? /.. 1985.... 2006... 2010... 6: 93 99. 2013. SSK.. 1: 24 28. 2013... 2: 64 73. 2002... 4: 67 72. 2007...4: 60 71.
83 2012... 11: 83 88. 1998... 8: 17 21. 2000... 4: 27 32. 1991... 12: 33 39. 2001... The Current Research on Ludwik Fleck and Its Significance to China XIA Zhao Abstract: Ludwik Fleck, a famous microbiologist, is widely viewed today as a forerunner of Thomas S. Kuhn s thinking and the founder of sociology of science. Nevertheless, Fleck has been little known in China. By introducing the current situation of research on Fleck through his works and the existed research, this paper elaborates the significance of Fleck s thought to the research of the history of science, philosophy of science and sociology of science in China. Keywords: Ludwik Fleck, Research on Ludwik Fleck, History of Science, Philosophy of Science, Sociology of Science