2011 1 19 1 Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, Jan. 2011, 19(1): 135 140 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1011.2011.00135 A * 古少鹏 1 郑明学 1** 李宝钧 1 张春善 2 申红星 1 (1. 030801; 2. 066600) 采用 4 2( 铜 维生素 A) 完全随机试验设计, 研究了日粮添加不同水平的铜 (0 mg kg 1 8 mg kg 1 150 mg kg 1 225 mg kg 1 ) 和维生素 A(1 500 IU kg 1 5 000 IU kg 1 ) 对肉仔鸡不同生长阶段 (0~4 周龄和 5~7 周龄 ) 免疫功能的影响 结果表明 : 添加铜为 8 mg kg 1 时, 肉鸡生长前期 (0~4 周龄 ) 可显著 (P<0.05) 或极显著 (P<0.01) 提高肉鸡脾脏活化 T 淋巴细胞百分率和血清抗体效价, 生长后期 (5~7 周龄 ) 可极显著 (P<0.01) 或显著 (P<0.05) 提高脾脏 胸腺 盲肠扁桃体活化 T 淋巴细胞百分率和外周血液中活化 T B 淋巴细胞百分率 ; 整个试验期添加高铜 (150 mg kg 1 225 mg kg 1 ) 时, 活化 T B 淋巴细胞百分率均不同程度下降 添加维生素 A 5 000 IU kg 1 时, 肉鸡生长前期可显著 (P<0.05) 提高其外周血液中活化 T 淋巴细胞百分率, 生长后期可极显著 (P<0.01) 或显著 (P<0.05) 提高脾脏 盲肠扁桃体活化 T 淋巴细胞百分率和血清抗体效价 铜和维生素 A 互作效应对肉鸡生长前期的活化 T B 淋巴细胞百分率和血清抗体效价影响不显著, 对生长后期的外周血液 胸腺 盲肠扁桃体活化 T 淋巴细胞百分率影响显著 (P<0.05), 以 8 mg kg 1 铜 5 000 IU kg 1 维生素 A 处理最高 ; 以上结果提示铜和维生素 A 对肉鸡免疫功能的影响存在互作效应 肉仔鸡铜维生素 A 活化淋巴细胞血清抗体互作效应 : Q562; S816.72 : A : 1671-3990(2011)01-0135-06 Influence of dietary copper and vitamin A on immune function of broilers GU Shao-Peng 1, ZHENG Ming-Xue 1, LI Bao-Jun 1, ZHANG Chun-Shan 2, SHEN Hong-Xing 1 (1. College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; 2. Department of Animal Science, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Changli 066600, China) Abstract A 4 2 (Cu V A ) random experiment was designed to investigate the effect of different dietary levels of Cu (0 mg kg 1, 8 mg kg 1, 150 mg kg 1, 225 mg kg 1 ) and V A (1 500 IU kg 1, 5 000 IU kg 1 ) on broiler immune system at 0~4 and 5~7 week-old. The results showed significant effects (P<0.05, P<0.01) of Cu at 8 mg kg 1 on percentage of activated T-lymphocytes in spleen and serum antibody titers of 0~4 week-old broilers. At the same Cu level, percentage of activated T-lymphocytes in spleen, thymus and cecal tonsil, and percentage of activated B/T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01) in 5~7 week-old broilers. Percentage of activated B/T-lymphocytes decreased at different degrees under high Cu levels of 150~225 mg kg 1 feed. At V A supplemental level of 5 000 IU kg 1 feed, percentage of activated T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood also significantly increased (P<0.05) for the 0~4 week-old broilers, while percentage of activated T-lymphocytes in spleen, cecal tonsil and serum antibody titers significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01) for the 5~7 week-ld broilers. Percentage of activated B/T-lymphocytes and serum antibody titers were not significantly affected by Cu/V A interaction for 0~4 week-old broilers. However, percentage of activated T-lymphocytes of cecal tonsil, thymus and peripheral blood significantly increased (P<0.05) for 5~7 week-old broilers, especially under Cu (8 mg kg 1 ) V A (5 000 IU kg 1 ) interaction. Cu/V A interaction had a significant effect on the function of broiler immune system. Key words Broiler, Copper (Cu), Vitamin A (V A ), Activated lymphocyte, Serum antibody, Interactive effect (Received March 27, 2010; accepted July 6, 2010) * (30771619) (20031072) ** : (1962~),,,,, E-mail: zhengmingxue288@sohu.com (1968~),,,, E-mail: shpgu@163.com : 2010-03-2 : 2010-07-06
136 2011 19, [1], [2 3] A, [4], A [5 6], [7], A, [8] A, A [7] A T B,, 1 材料与方法 1.1 1 560 ( ), 8, 5, 14 ( 7 ),,, 4 2( A), 0~ 5~ 2, CuSO 4 5H 2 O, 0 8 mg kg 1 150 mg kg 1 225 mg kg 1 ; A ( ), 1 500 IU kg 1 5 000 IU kg 1 1 1.2,, ; 1, 5, Holts 1.3 T,, α- (ANAE),, 400,,,, 3, T ( ANAE + ), ; 3,, 3 ; T ANAE [9] 1. B, Composition Tab. 1 表 1 肉仔鸡基础日粮组成及营养水平 Composition and nutrient level of basal diets of broilers Proportion (%) 0~4 0~4 weeks 5~7 5~7 weeks Composition Nutrient level 0~4 0~4 weeks 5~7 5~7 weeks Corn 56.49 61.42 Metabolizable energy (MJ kg 1 ) 12.12 12.54 Soybean meal 30.24 25.30 Crude protein (%) 21.00 19.00 Cottonseed meal 5.00 5.00 Met (%) 0.50 0.36 Fish meal 2.43 1.98 + Met+Cys (%) 0.84 0.68 Monocalcium phosphate 1.60 1.39 Lys (%) 1.13 0.98 Limestone 1.16 1.11 Ca (%) 1.00 0.90 Met 0.15 0.05 Available P (%) 0.45 0.40 Salt 0.30 0.35 Cu (mg kg 1 ) 2) 23.36 16.00 Soy oil 2.22 3.00 Fe (mg kg 1 ) 2) 236.94 202.99 Choline 0.19 0.19 1) Microelement-vitamin premix 0.22 0.22 Total 100.00 100.00 1) 2 g kg 1, kg 0 mg, 80.00 mg, 80.00 mg, 0.35 mg, 0.15 mg; 0.2 g kg 1, kg D 3 3 000 IU, E 30.00 IU, K 3 1.00 mg, B 1 2.00 mg, B 2 6.00 mg, 9.00 mg, B 6 5.00 mg, 30.00 mg, B 12 0.01 mg, 0.10 mg, 0.30 mg 2) Microelement-vitamin premix contains microelement (2 g kg 1 ) and vitamin (0.2 g kg 1 ) premixes. Microelement premix in 1 kg complete diet is composed of Fe 0 mg, Mn 80.00 mg, Zn 80.00 mg, I 0.35 mg, Se 0.15 mg. Vitamin premix in 1 kg complete diet is composed of VD 3 3 000 IU, VE 30.00 IU, VK 3 1.00 mg, VB 1 2.00 mg, VB 2 6.00 mg, pantothenic acid 9.00 mg, VB 6 5.00 mg, nicotinic acid 30.00 mg, VB 12 0.01 mg, biotin 0.10 mg, folic acid 0.30 mg. 2) Means of measured value.
1 : A 137, B, 3, 3, B [10] 1.5 [11] 1.6 SAS 2 结果与分析 2.1 T 2, (0~) (P<0.05) (P<0.01) T, T 8 mg kg 1, T 0 mg kg 1 ; (5~) (P<0.01) T, 8 mg kg 1 A T (P>0.05); A (P<0.05) (P<0.01) T, 5 000 IU kg 1 A A T (P>0.05), T 0 mg kg 1 5 000 IU kg 1 A, T 0 mg kg 1 1 500 IU kg 1 A, T 8 mg kg 1 5 000 IU kg 1 A ; A (P<0.05) T, T (P>0.05), T 8 mg kg 1 1 500 IU kg 1 A, T 8 mg kg 1 5 000 IU kg 1 A 2.2 T B 3, T B (P>0.05), (P<0.05) (P<0.01) T B, 8 mg kg 1 A (P<0.05) T, B (P>0.05), T B 5 000 IU kg 1 A A T (P>0.05), (P<0.05) T, 8 mg kg 1 5 000 IU kg 1 A ; B (P>0.05), 8 mg kg 1 1 500 IU kg 1 A, 8 mg kg 1 5 000 IU kg 1 A 2.3, (P<0.05), (P>0.05), 8 mg kg 1 ; A (P>0.05), (P< 0.01), 5 000 IU kg 1 A ; A (P>0.05), 8 mg kg 1 5000 IU kg 1 A 3 讨论与小结 3.1, 11~200 mg kg 1, 300 mg kg 1, [12] ;, [13] ; (0 mg kg 1 ) (440 mg kg 1 ) ELISA [6], ;,, [14] 8 mg kg 1, 150 mg kg 1 225 mg kg 1,
表 2 不同处理肉鸡不同生长期法氏囊 脾脏 胸腺 盲肠扁桃体的活化 T 淋巴细胞百分率 Tab. 2 Percentage of activated T lymphocytes in bursa of fabricius, spleen, thymus and cecal tonsil in different growth stages of broilers under different treatments % Addition level Bursa of fabricius Spleen Thymus Cecal tonsil n Cu (mg kg 1 ) A V A (IU kg 1 ) 0 1 500 5 11.700±2.701a 16.500±2.049a 31.300±3.382ab 33.620±2.251c 42.320±3.723a 52.120±1.994abc 25.180±0.936a 29.180±0.649b 0 5 000 5 12.720±1.263a 15.760±2.367a 31.680±2.199ab 34.960±2.714b 43.700±4.079a 53.160±0.622ab 24.460±1.186ab 33.820±2.346a 8 1 500 5 11.900±1.959a 16.240±0.750a 31.966±3.055ab 34.940±3.221b 40.360±3.593a 55.840±1.846a 22.900±1.579bc 35.240±0.779a 8 5 000 5 10.960±2.381a 16.440±2.234a 33.660±2.716a 37.440±2.527a 42.520±2.950a 52.100±1.593abc 23.580±1.564abc 35.640±0.650a 150 1 500 5 12.100±1.960a 14.700±2.407a 27.780±3.082bc 30.960±2.401cd 38.300±3.727a 50.500±3.185bcd 24.840±1.073ab 26.960±2.902c 150 5 000 5 12.300±1.609a 14.440±1.758a 28.440±2.997bc 33.300±2.458c 39.020±3.513a 51.480±2.751abc 23.160±1.890abc 30.420±1.084b 225 1 500 5 10.700±1.093a 14.960±2.067a 29.580±3.089abc 29.220±2.642d 39.100±4.919a 47.220±3.079d 22.300±2.009c 23.360±0.642d 225 5 000 5 12.420±2.382a 13.700±1.344a 26.500±2.662c 31.580±2.498cd 40.640±3.751a 49.440±1.700cd 21.620±1.833c 26.040±0.763c 0 10 12.210a 16.130a 31.490a 34.290a 43.010a 52.640a 24.820a 31.500b 8 10 11.430a 16.340a 33.025a 36.190a 41.440ab 53.970a 23.240bc 35.440a 150 10 12.200a 14.570a 28.110b 32.130c 38.660b 50.990b 24.000ab 28.690c 255 10 11.560a 14.330a 28.040b 30.400c 39.870ab 48.330c 21.960c 24.700d 1 500 20 11.600a 15.600a 29.955a 32.185b 40.020a 51.820a 23.805a 28.685b 5 000 20 12.100a 15.085a 30.070a 34.320a 41.470a 51.420a 23.205a 31.480a P P value Cu 0.732 2 0.074 0 0.001 4 0.000 1 0.081 3 0.000 1 0.000 8 0.000 1 A V A 0.433 0 0.435 4 0.904 4 0.014 2 0.238 6 0.861 5 0.196 8 0.000 1 A Cu V A 0.490 0 0.873 6 0.327 1 0.956 3 0.980 4 0.028 0 0.349 1 0.022 9 (P<0.05), In the same column, values with different letters are significantly different (P<0.05), the same below.
1 : A 139 Tab. 3 表 3 不同处理肉鸡不同生长期外周血液活化 T B 淋巴细胞的百分率 Percentage of activated T and B lymphocytes in peripheral blood in different growth stages of broilers under different treatments % T Percentage of activated T lymphocyte B Percentage of activated B lymphocyte Addition level Cu A V A n (mg kg 1 ) (IU kg 1 ) 0 1 500 5 38.360±1.750b 49.120±1.781b 34.500±3.693a 40.920±2.834abc 0 5 000 5 40.320±1.991ab 48.780±2.387b 35.360±2.732a 42.920±3.540ab 8 1 500 5 40.720±1.578ab 48.120±1.725b 36.480±3.321a 42.680±4.003ab 8 5 000 5 43.440±2.596a 53.060±1.586a 35.240±3.363a 44.700±4.109a 150 1 500 5 39.560±1.995b 48.440±3.191b 33.700±5.694a 37.840±3.585bc 150 5 000 5 41.240±2.950ab 47.720±2.072b 36.180±2.669a 39.420±3.830bc 225 1 500 5 39.100±2.861b 47.900±2.072b 34.040±3.351a 36.180±3.267c 225 5 000 5 40.840±3.840ab 47.720±3.057b 33.980±2.463a 36.900±4.146c 0 10 39.340b 48.950ab 34.930a 41.920ab 8 10 42.080a 50.590a 35.860a 43.690a 150 10 40.400ab 48.080b 34.940a 38.630bc 255 10 39.970ab 47.810b 34.010a 36.540c 1 500 20 39.435b 48.395a 34.680a 39.405a 5 000 20 41.460a 49.320a 35.190a 40.985a Cu 0.117 4 0.047 1 0.714 9 0.000 6 P A V A 0.017 2 0.213 5 0.651 5 0.185 1 P value A Cu V A 0.965 9 0.029 6 0.690 1 0.976 6 表 4 Tab. 4 不同处理肉鸡不同生长期的血清抗体效价 Serum antibody titers in different growth stages of broilers under different treatments log2 Addition level Cu (mg kg 1 ) A V A (IU kg 1 ) n Serum antibody titers 0 1 500 5 2.00±0.70c 2.20±0.44c 0 5 000 5 2.40±0.54bc 3.60±0.89ab 8 1 500 5 3.00±0.70ab 2.40±0.54c 8 5 000 5 3.40±0.54a 4.00±0.70a 150 1 500 5 2.40±0.54bc 2.00±0.70c 150 5 000 5 2.40±0.54bc 2.80±1.30bc 225 1 500 5 2.40±0.54bc 2.00±1.00c 225 5 000 5 2.20±0.44bc 2.60±0.54bc 0 10 2.20b 2.90ab 8 10 3.20a 3.20a 150 10 2.40b 2.40b 255 10 2.30b 2.30b P P value 1 500 20 2.45a 2.15b 5 000 20 2.60a 3.25a Cu 0.001 9 0.061 0 A V A 0.420 3 0.000 2 A Cu V A 0.578 7 0.474 2 3.2 A A, T, A [15], A T T B T T A 5 000 IU kg 1, A 3.3 A A T,, T 8 mg kg 1 5 000 IU kg 1 A, T 0 mg kg 1 5 000 IU kg 1 A T 0 mg kg 1 1 500 IU kg 1 A ; T, T
140 2011 19 8 mg kg 1 5 000 IU kg 1 A B, 8 mg kg 1 5 000 IU kg 1 A : A, T T, 8 mg kg 1 5 000 IU kg 1 A A 8 mg kg 1 5 000 IU kg 1 A 参考文献 [1] Keusch G T. The history of nutrition: Malnutrition, infection and immunity[j]. J Nutr, 2003, 133(1): 336 340 [2]. [J]., 2003, 20(9): 60 62 [3],,,. [J]., 2007, 15(4): 195 199 [4] Lilian K V, Cláudio W C, Christine L, et al. Vitamins and organic minerals supplementation and its effect upon the immunocompetence of broilers submitted to heat stress[j]. Rev Bras Zool, 2008, 37(4): 636 644 [5],,. A E [J]., 2006(2): 4 8 [6],,,. A [J]., 2007, 19(2): 112 118 [7],,,. [J]., 2002, 14(1): 55 60 [8],,,. A [J]., 2002, 33(3): 254 257 [9],,,. T- ANAE [J]., 2009, 29(3): 350 353, 359 [10] Culling C F A,. [M]. :, 1982: 248 250 [11]. [M]. :, 2006: 137 145 [12],,,. [J]., 2008, 39(5): 658 664 [13],. [J]., 1996, 26(6): 13 14 [14] Mulhern S A, Koller L D. Severe or marginal copper deficiency results in a graded reduction in immune status in mice[j]. Journal of Nutrition, 1988, 118(8): 1041 1047 [15],. [J]., 2006(3): 8 9