(Wess & Kngsbury, 1984) CAT (varable-length)cat, CAT, (Babcock & Wess, 2009)Kngsbury Houser (1993), CAT 0-1 CAT, CAT CAT CAT, CAT,, CAT, CAT (C

Similar documents
2012, Vol. 44, No.3, Acta Psychologica Sinica DOI: /SP.J * (, ),,,, b-str a-str Monte Carlo,, ; ; ; ; b-str B841

Microsoft Word - 进展2010年8期_new_.doc

CAT ( IRT CAT IRT CAT IRT IRT, (latent trats (abltes (monotoncally ncreasng (tem characterstc functon (tem characterstc cure ICCIR

2 : 237.,. [6 7] (Markov chan Monte Carlo, MCMC). MCMC, [8 9].,,, [0 ].,, : ),,,.,, ; 2),,.,.,. : ),.,,. ; 2),.,,. ; 3), EM, EM,.,, EM, EM. K M,.,. A

24 26,,,,,,,,, Nsho [7] Nakadokoro [8],,,, 2 (Tradtonal estmaton of mage Jacoban matrx), f(t 1 ) p(t 2 ) : f(t 1 ) = [f 1 (t 1 ), f 2 (t 1 ),, f m (t

作为市场化的人口流动

T e = K 1 Φ m I 2 cosθ K 1 Φ m I cosθ 2 1 T 12 e Φ / 13 m I 4 2 Φ m Φ m 14 I 2 Φ m I 2 15 dq0 T e = K 2 ΦI a 2 16

34 7 S R θ Z θ Z R A B C D PTP θ t 0 = θ 0 θ t 0 = 0 θ t 0 = 0 θ t = θ θ t = 0 θ t = 0 θ t V max θ t a max 3 θ t A θ t t 0 t / V max a max A = 3 4 S S

~ 10 2 P Y i t = my i t W Y i t 1000 PY i t Y t i W Y i t t i m Y i t t i 15 ~ 49 1 Y Y Y 15 ~ j j t j t = j P i t i = 15 P n i t n Y

基于词语关联度的查询缩略*

Vol. 15 No. 1 JOURNAL OF HARBIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Feb O21 A

I ln I V = α + ηln + εt, 1 V t, t, t, 1 t, 1 I V η η >0 t η η <0 η =0 22 A_,B_,C0_,C1_,C2_,C3_,C4_,C5_,C6_,C7_,C8_,C99_,D_,E_,F_,G_,H_,I_,J_,K_,L_,M_

% GIS / / Fig. 1 Characteristics of flood disaster variation in suburbs of Shang

: 13 m, (Y, X ), Y n 1, X = (x 1,, x n ) T n p, t 1, t 2,, t n, N = m n, β p. : y j = x T jβ + ε j, = 1, 2,, m; j = 1, 2,, n. (1.1) φ, corr(ε j, ε k )

TFP TFP HK TFP Hseh Klenow HK 9 8 TFP Aok TFP Aok 10 TFP TFP TFP TFP TFP HK TFP 1 Y Y CES θ Y 1 TFP HK θ = 1 θ

1.0 % 0.25 % 85μm % U416 Sulfate expansion deformation law and mechanism of cement stabilized macadam base of saline areas in Xinjiang Song

Microsoft Word 張嘉玲-_76-83_

240 生 异 性 相 吸 的 异 性 效 应 [6] 虽 然, 心 理 学 基 础 研 [7-8] 究 已 经 证 实 存 在 异 性 相 吸 异 性 相 吸 是 否 存 在 于 名 字 认 知 识 别 尚 无 报 道 本 实 验 选 取 不 同 性 别 的 名 字 作 为 刺 激 材 料, 通

[9] R Ã : (1) x 0 R A(x 0 ) = 1; (2) α [0 1] Ã α = {x A(x) α} = [A α A α ]. A(x) Ã. R R. Ã 1 m x m α x m α > 0; α A(x) = 1 x m m x m +

环境指标

SVM [6] PCA+SVM 79.75% 9 FERE FERE. PCA LDA Adaboost SVM 5 1 SVM Moghaddam [6] M (x,y ) x R N y x y {0,1} M f ( x) = y α k( x, x ) + b x k f(x) = 1 x

untitled

cm /s c d 1 /40 1 /4 1 / / / /m /Hz /kn / kn m ~

(,00);,, (,,00);,,,, (,00) (,, 00;,00),, (00) IPO, IPO,,,, ( ),,,, (Loughran,Rtter,00;Rtter,003), IPO,IPO, (Rtter,003;Jenknson et al.,006),, IPO,, 5%(

Yahoo " (MIC) B2C C2C % 0.39% 1.5% B2C C2C 30% 70% ~ Yahoo 344 ebay 128 ( 1) Yahoo PDA 97,4

穨423.PDF

Microsoft Word tb 赵宏宇s-高校教改纵横.doc

Microsoft Word - A doc

Microsoft Word - T 田新广.doc

Microsoft Word - 系统建设1.doc

中文模板

untitled

Microsoft PowerPoint _Safety_CAERI.ppt [互換モード]

Corporate Social Responsibility CSR CSR CSR 1 2 ~ CSR 6 CSR 7 CSR 8 CSR 9 10 ~ CSR 14 CSR CSR 2013 A A 23.

y 1 = 槡 P 1 1h T 1 1f 1 s 1 + 槡 P 1 2g T 1 2 interference 2f 2 s y 2 = 槡 P 2 2h T 2 2f 2 s 2 + 槡 P 2 1g T 2 1 interference 1f 1 s + n n

f 2 f 2 f q 1 q 1 q 1 q 2 q 1 q n 2 f 2 f 2 f H = q 2 q 1 q 2 q 2 q 2 q n f 2 f 2 f q n q 1 q n q 2 q n q n H R n n n Hessian

语篇中指代词的分布规律与心理机制*

/MPa / kg m - 3 /MPa /MPa 2. 1E ~ 56 ANSYS 6 Hz (a) 一阶垂向弯曲 (b) 一阶侧向弯曲 (c) 一阶扭转 (d) 二阶侧向弯曲 (e) 二阶垂向弯曲 (f) 弯扭组合 2 6 Hz

untitled

中文模板

應用六標準差提升花卉批發市場之經營服務品質

. 3. MOOC 2006 MOOC Automated Text Marker 2014 e-rater Yigal et al MOOC Coursera Edx 97

Vol.39 No. 8 August 2017 Hyeonwoo Noh [4] boundng box PASCALV VOC PASCAL VOC Ctyscapes bt 8 bt 1 14 bt

Shanghai International Studies University THE STUDY AND PRACTICE OF SITUATIONAL LANGUAGE TEACHING OF ADVERB AT BEGINNING AND INTERMEDIATE LEVEL A Thes

Microsoft Word - A doc

Chinese Journal of Applied Probability and Statistics Vol.25 No.4 Aug (,, ;,, ) (,, ) 应用概率统计 版权所有, Zhang (2002). λ q(t)

(2005 (2006, (2006 ( , ( ,,,,,, ( (ASFR ASFR : x, B x x, P f x x (1 (2 4,, , 2 1 :, 1 2, 20-29

大研究生教育的展与改革的几

PCA+LDA 14 1 PEN mL mL mL 16 DJX-AB DJ X AB DJ2 -YS % PEN

11 25 stable state. These conclusions were basically consistent with the analysis results of the multi - stage landslide in loess area with the Monte

DOI /j.cnki.cjhd MPS,,, , MLParticle-SJTU MLParticle-SJTU MLParticle-SJTU U661.1 A Numerical

SVM OA 1 SVM MLP Tab 1 1 Drug feature data quantization table

SWAN min TITAN Thunder Identification Tracking Analysis SWAN TITAN and Nowcasting 19 TREC Tracking Radar Echo by Correlaction T

标题

92南師學術研討會

Ashdgsahgdh

92

UDC Empirical Researches on Pricing of Corporate Bonds with Macro Factors 厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库

3 : 121,, [1 ] (Stage Theory),,,,,,, 1 :, ;,,,,, 1 :11, 6,116 ; , 2003 ; 31 = Π ; 2, 1996 ;1996,,2000, Walt Rostow (1960, 1971), A. F. K. Organ

untitled

農業工程學報 第43卷第4期 Journal of Chinese Agricultural Engineering

20

《太平广记》第二册

H 2 SO ml ml 1. 0 ml C 4. 0 ml - 30 min 490 nm 0 ~ 100 μg /ml Zhao = VρN 100% 1 m V ml ρ g

Microsoft Word doc

1 引言

/3 CAD JPG GIS CAD GIS GIS 1 a CAD CAD CAD GIS GIS ArcGIS 9. x 10 1 b 1112 CAD GIS 1 c R2VArcscan CAD MapGIS CAD 1 d CAD U

mm 400 mm 15 mm EOF mm/10a Fig. 1 Distributions

國立台灣大學圖書資訊學系四十週年系慶學術研討會論文格式

41 10 Vol. 41, No ACTA AUTOMATICA SINICA October, ,, (Least square support vector machines, LS-SVM)., LS-SVM,,,, ;,,, ;,. DOI,,,,,

,, :, ;,,?, : (1), ; (2),,,, ; (3),,, :,;; ;,,,,(Markowitz,1952) 1959 (,,2000),,, 20 60, ( Evans and Archer,1968) ,,,

Lech 1 2 Coffey and Jia Corporate Financial Performance CFP CSP CFP 9 Preston O Bannon 10 CSP CFP Margolis et al Sun abd

标题

标题

ARCLE No.2

Microsoft Word doc

目 录 中 文 摘 要 1 英 文 摘 要 第 一 章 综 述 3 第 二 章 风 险 分 解 方 法 介 绍 6.1 风 险 分 解 预 备 知 识 6. 本 文 采 用 的 风 险 分 解 方 法 6 第 三 章 风 险 序 列 估 计 方 法 及 所 用 数 据 描 述 10 第 四 章 数

TOPIC 专 题 45 1 加 快 农 业 大 数 据 发 展 的 现 实 意 义 农 业 大 数 据 运 用 大 数 据 的 理 论 技 术 和 方 法, 解 决 农 业 领 域 数 据 的 采 集 存 储 计 算 和 应 用 等 一 系 列 问 题, 大 数 据 技 术 是 保 障 国 家 粮

182 第 41 卷 方面发挥了重要作用 因此研究留日物理学生是中 国近现代物理学史研究的一项重要内容 出身 并任翰林院编修 不久 云贵总督李经羲上 奏 要求调其回云南兴办新学 他欣然回滇办学宣 1 统二年( 1910) 他接任云南优级师范学堂监督 兼 专任理化教员 负责筹办云南工矿学堂 并担任第一

Landscape Theory & Study 17

中文版样板

P. C Evelyn. M. Duvall 2 quality of life cabana

A VALIDATION STUDY OF THE ACHIEVEMENT TEST OF TEACHING CHINESE AS THE SECOND LANGUAGE by Chen Wei A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate School and Colleg

标题

Microsoft Word - A _ doc

~ ~

Vol The Workng Papers o RCEWCC 2004 Thel 2. GDP GDP GDP GDP GDP Per Capta GDP GDP GDP 2000 E X ( t) = X ( t0 ) X ( t) () ) X (t t0 t GDP )


11-3-Cover-1

<4D F736F F D20B8DFB9B0B0D3B0D3F5E0D3A6C1A6CAB5B2E2D3EBBCC6CBE3BDE1B9FBB2EED2ECD4ADD2F2B7D6CEF62DD5C5B9FAD0C22E646F6378>

Revit Revit Revit BIM BIM 7-9 3D 1 BIM BIM 6 Revit 0 4D 1 2 Revit Revit 2. 1 Revit Revit Revit Revit 2 2 Autodesk Revit Aut

2 北 京 邮 电 大 学 学 报 第 35 卷 习 一 个 认 知 模 型, 从 而 解 决 在 不 同 特 征 空 间 进 行 知 识 迁 移 的 问 题. 特 征 迁 移 问 题 一 般 被 归 为 直 推 式 迁 移 学 习 [6], 其 定 义 为 : 给 定 源 数 据 空 间 D s

Journal of Curriculum Studies September, 2013, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp A Study of the Relationship between Senior High School Curriculum and the Mult

Heckman Heckman 2003 Brauw 2002 Li 2005 zhao zhou 2001 Psacharopulos 2002 Psaeharopoulos 1994 Ap

标题

08陈会广

66 臺 中 教 育 大 學 學 報 : 人 文 藝 術 類 Abstract This study aimed to analyze the implementing outcomes of ability grouping practice for freshman English at a u

29期xx(copy)

4 CDM CD-CAT 367 de la Torre 8 Ma Wenchao 11 de la Torre K * j 12 Tu Dongbo 13 PX ij = 1 α * lj = δ j0 + δ jk α lk G-DINA A-CDM G-DINA log de la Torre

Microsoft Word - 5 魏志生.doc

Transcription:

2015, Vol. 47, No.1, 129140 Acta Psychologca Snca DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2015.00129 CD-CAT * 1,2 3 2,4 ( 1, 400715) ( 2, 100875) ( 3,, 61820 ) ( 4, 100875),, 4 CD-CAT, (SEA)(DAPP)(HA) (HM), HSU KL (1),,, (2), 4, HSU,,, (3), 6,,, (4), SEAHM HA HSU, KL DAPP ; ; ; ; DINA B841 1, (Cogntve Dagnostc Computerzed Adaptve Testng, CD-CAT)CD-CAT CAT,,, (Knowledge State, KS),,, CD-CAT CAT, (1); (2) ; (3); (4); (5)(, 2011) CD-CAT,, CD-CAT (Cheng, 2009, 2010; Wang, 2013; Wang, Chang, & Douglas, 2012; Xu, Chang, & Douglas, 2003;,, 2011)(Wang, Chang, & Huebner, 2011;, 2011;,, 2013) (Chen, Xn, Wang, & Chang, 2012;,, 2011;,,, 2011), CD-CAT, Hsu, Wang Chen (2013) CD-CAT, (fxed-length) CAT,,, CAT,,, CAT, : 20131030 * (20120003110002) :, E-mal: banyufang66@126.com 129

130 47 (Wess & Kngsbury, 1984) CAT (varable-length)cat, CAT, (Babcock & Wess, 2009)Kngsbury Houser (1993), CAT 0-1 CAT, CAT CAT CAT, CAT,, CAT, CAT (Cho, Grady, & Dodd, 2010; Dodd, 1990; Dodd, Koch, & De Ayala, 1993; Dodd, De Ayala, & Koch, 1995),, (1), ; (2), (, 2011) CD-CAT, Hsu (2013) Tatsuoka (2002), CD-CAT ( HSU, 2 ),, ;, CD-CAT CAT, CD-CAT, Wang (2011), CD-CAT,,, CD-CAT,, CD-CAT, (,, 2013;,,, 2012) CD-CAT CAT, CAT, ( Q ),,, CD-CAT, Hsu (2013) CD- CAT, CD-CAT,, CD-CAT, Cheng (2008) KL, CAT, CD-CAT, (standard error of attrbute, SEA) (halvng algorthm, HA) (dfference of the adjacent posteror probablty method, DAPP), Tatsuoka (2002), (hybrd method, HM) ( 2 ) DINA (Junker & Sjtsma, 2001), ( 3 ), HSU Cheng KL, CD-CAT 2 CD-CAT 6, HSU, SEA HA ;, DAPP KL ;,, HA (tem-level), ; 5 (examnee-level), 6 2.1 HSU Tatsuoka (2002) CD-CAT, 0.8, Hsu (2013) Tatsuoka, CD-CAT, P 1st (, 0.7), P 2nd (, 0.1), 2.2 (standard error of attrbute method, SEA),, KS

1 CD-CAT 131, KS, KS, CDM (partally ordered classfcaton models; Tatsuoka, 2002), (partally ordered sets) (Zhang & Ip, 2012), KS, (approxmaton) KS,, (Structural Equaton Modelng, SEM), SEM, K KS, Pk,mn( Pk) k 1 ( Pk 1), KS, K k k 1 P,,,, P k (Rupp, Templn, & Henson, 2010; P242), KS SE( ) P (1 P ) (1) k k k, SE( k ) k, k 1, 2,, K P k SEA k,, (, 0.2), 2.3 (halvng algorthm, HA) Tatsuoka Ferguson (2003),, HA,,,,, t t,,, p t, t, ( c) ( c 1, 2,, 2 K ), qh c: cqh qhqh, HA HAh p, t(1 p, t) HA (, 0.1), 2.4 (dfference of the adjacent posteror probablty method, DAPP) CD-CAT,, (Cheng, 2009),, HSU P 1st DAPP, (P 1st ) t, 1 t P1st ( ) P 1st ( ) t (t t P 1 st( ) t, KS ), 2.5 KL Cheng (2008) KL KL, KL( t, t, 1) ( t, t ), 2.6 (hybrd method, HM) Hsu (2013), P 1st P 2nd ( Tatsuoka (2002)), HM P 1st, DAPP, t 1 t P1st ( ) P1st ( ) (t t t P1 st ( ) t, KS ), 3 3.1 DINA DINA, s g X j j ( Xj 1, Xj 0 ), j j 1 j j j gj PX ( 1 ) (1 s ) (2)

132 47 K, j k k 1 q jk,, j, j 1,, j 0 k k, k 1, k 0 q jk j k, q jk 1, q jk 0 sj P( Xj 0 j 1), j, ; g P( X 1 0) j j j, j, s j g j, s g (Templn & Henson, 2006) 1 j j 3.2, KL (PWKL), KL (HKL)(SHE) (Cheng, 2009;, 2011) Hsu (2013), PWKL CD-CAT PWKL K 2 1 t t h h h l l1 x0 ( t h ), t( l) PWKL ( ) log[ P( X x )/ P( X x )], PX x (3), h, x t 1 t t,, ( ) PWKL, l PWKL 3.3 Wang (2011) CAT, (mportance parameter), CD-CAT (Restrctve Progressve method, RP) (Restrctve Threshold method, RT)RP ( RT ) 1 x / L (x, L ) (), 1 x / L, 1,, ;,, t l,, L,, CD-CAT RP RT ( 3.3.2 3.3.3 ), (Modfed Restrctve Progressve, MRP) (Modfed Restrctve Threshold, MRT), CD-CAT (smple), CD-CAT, 3.3.1 smple smple PWKL f h (, 2011), f h rmax nh / N (4) r max, rmax, nh h, N 3.3.2 MRP CD-CAT, RP, MRP, Wang (2011), RP, f h MRP, f h, MRP MRP _ PWKLh MRP _ PWKLh (1exp h /r max )[( P1 st Pcurrent )/ P1 st R h PWKL P / P ], h S (5) h current 1st h, P 1st, Pcurrent S h, exp h h H * S h *, Rh ~ U(0, H ) 3.3.3 MRT ( PWKL ), ()

1 CD-CAT 133 [max( PWKL),max( PWKL)], [max( PWKL) mn( PWKL )] (1 P / P ), MRT, current 1st r max, P current,, Pcurrent P current, MRT,, 4 Matlab (R2011b), 4.1 (2011)(2011), Q, Q 1 Q 2 Q 3, 6, 360 U (0.05, 0.25) g j s j 2000 0.5 4.2 KS DINA j P j, U (0,1) m P j m, j 1, 0 CD-CAT,,, (Maxmum A Posteror, MAP) 4.3 (1)P 1st 0.8 0.9; P 2nd 0.002 0.003; (2),, (,, ),, HM DAPP KL, 4 0.050.010.005 0.001; SEA, 5 0.30.250.20.1 0.05; HA, 5 0.1 0.050.010.005 0.001; (3), r max 0.2, 2, CD-CAT,, 30, 4 (smple MRP MRT ) 6,, HSU 4 SEA 5 HA 5 DAPP 4 KL 4 HM 4, 30 4 (4 5 5 4 4 4) 30 3120 4.4 (Pattern Correct Classfcaton Rate, PCCR), N PCCR t / N (6) 1 PCCR ( ( 1, 2,, K ) ) K, N, () X, Z, X Z, t 1; t 0, (,, ) 5 5.1 1, 6 CD-CAT 1, 6,, P 1st,,, PCCR,,,, HSU, P 1st PCCR P 1st P 2nd PCCR (0.8394< 0.9968, 0.9219<0.9980),,,, Hsu (2013) HM,

134 47 1 6 (30 ) TR P1 P2 epslon M SD MAX MIN # NU PCCR HSU 0.8 9.2 2.6 27 5 228 0.8394 0.8 0.003 18.5 5.1 43 8 158 0.9968 0.9 11.4 3.4 32 6 214 0.9219 0.9 0.002 18.3 5.1 52 8 141 0.9980 HM 0.8 0.05 12.0 3.4 31 7 223 0.9357 0.8 0.01 14.6 3.7 37 8 187 0.9699 0.8 0.005 15.5 3.8 36 8 183 0.9713 0.8 0.001 19.5 4.2 37 8 179 0.9914 0.9 0.05 12.9 3.3 32 7 195 0.9586 0.9 0.01 14.8 3.7 36 8 171 0.9791 0.9 0.005 16.6 4.1 35 8 167 0.9893 0.9 0.001 18.4 4.6 41 9 157 0.9911 SEA 0.3 8.6 2.4 27 5 262 0.7963 0.25 10.9 2.7 27 5 234 0.8988 0.2 12.7 3.6 32 6 216 0.9672 0.1 14.2 3.8 32 6 174 0.9796 0.05 18.0 4.9 44 7 165 0.9927 HA 0.1 8.7 2.4 23 5 238 0.8084 0.05 12.3 3.2 38 6 203 0.9403 0.01 14.0 4.3 48 7 163 0.9816 0.005 15.9 4.2 42 8 148 0.9913 0.001 20.25 5.3 53 10 108 0.9982 DAPP 0.05 5.6 5.0 34 2 240 0.3387 0.01 15.9 4.4 42 8 156 0.9885 0.005 18.3 5.2 45 9 138 0.9922 0.001 21.1 5.8 47 10 102 0.9989 KL 0.05 11.3 3.1 32 7 205 0.9052 0.01 14.8 3.6 41 8 173 0.9752 0.005 15.9 3.9 40 9 146 0.9801 0.001 21.2 5.2 53 10 118 0.9957 TR (Termnaton Rules), P1, P2, epslon, M, SD, MAX, MIN, # NU =0.001 HSU ( 1 8 2, 12 4 ); =0.05, 2.8 (12.0 9.2) 1.5 (12.9 11.4), PCCR 9.63% (0.9357 0.8394) 3.67% (0.9586 0.9219) SEA, =0.3, PCCR 0.7963, 8.6 ; =0.25, PCCR 0.9, =0.2, PCCR 0.9672, HSU, 1.3 (12.7 11.4), PCCR 4.53%; =0.05, PCCR 0.9927, HSU DAPP, =0.05, PCCR, 0.3387, 5.6 ; =0.01, PCCR 0.9885, 15.9, 0.001, PCCR 0.9989, 240 102 KL HA DAPP (SEA),, 4 KL HSU, (HA ), (HSU, DAPP, HM, SEA KL ), CD-CAT 5.2 2 4 smplemrt MRP, 6,,, PCCR (p) PCCR (max), Hsu (2013) P 1st,, (, MRT MRP 0), PCCR (p), (%max),, %max,, SEA smple %max 14.9 ( =0.05 ), MRT MRP %max 65.85 45.60, PCCR (p), 0.9951, 0.9971 0.9975HA smple %max, MRP, MRT, PCCR (p) 1, KL MRP %max, smple, %max MRT, PCCR (p) smple MRT 0.98, MRP PCCR (p) 0.7802, smple ( 2), DAPP =0.05, PCCR (p) 0.3361, 6 MRT ( 3),

1 CD-CAT 135 2 smple 6 (30 ) TR P1 P2 epslon M Max (r) T # NU %max PCCR (p) PCCR (max) HSU 0.8 11.6 0.1135 0.0665 124 0.2 0.8558 0.7867 0.8 0.003 21.5 0.1315 0.0855 38 11.5 0.9942 0.9191 0.9 14.1 0.1180 0.0700 80 0.6 0.9349 0.8326 0.9 0.002 22.3 0.1315 0.0875 31 12.4 0.9979 0.9204 HM 0.8 0.05 15.5 0.1275 0.0803 79 1.14 0.9426 0.7653 0.8 0.01 16.9 0.1250 0.0746 59 2.95 0.9538 0.8916 0.8 0.005 18.4 0.1275 0.0788 55 3.15 0.9536 0.8642 0.8 0.001 19.6 0.1280 0.0810 47 5.95 0.9932 0.9322 0.9 0.05 15.9 0.1240 0.0729 69 1.35 0.9669 0.7674 0.9 0.01 18.5 0.1250 0.0798 57 4.8 0.9773 0.8479 0.9 0.005 20.0 0.1295 0.0807 41 6.65 0.9761 0.9191 0.9 0.001 22.6 0.1345 0.0864 43 10.85 0.9967 0.9335 SEA 0.3 11.5 0.1205 0.0645 119 0.15 0.8398 0.7333 0.25 13.2 0.1205 0.0707 96 0.45 0.9219 0.6411 0.2 14.1 0.1150 0.0712 82 0.7 0.9532 0.7522 0.1 18.0 0.1285 0.0797 60 4.7 0.9825 0.8910 0.05 20.5 0.1365 0.0867 29 14.9 0.9951 0.9383 HA 0.1 10.3 0.1135 0.0640 127 0.2 0.8014 0.7500 0.05 14.1 0.1205 0.0726 84 0.7 0.9455 0.8569 0.01 17.7 0.1270 0.0806 50 4.55 0.9832 0.8476 0.005 19.8 0.1335 0.0854 41 9.75 0.9929 0.9114 0.001 21.7 0.1345 0.0894 25 24.0 0.9980 0.9580 DAPP 0.05 5.7 0.0925 0.0511 183 0.25 0.3361 0.8333 0.01 18.8 0.1280 0.0811 49 6.75 0.9873 0.8802 0.005 20.1 0.1275 0.0817 33 12.75 0.9939 0.9320 0.001 23.5 0.1365 0.0903 25 27.95 0.9987 0.9590 KL 0.05 14.6 0.1385 0.0786 79 0.15 0.9085 0.7711 0.01 18.1 0.1250 0.0818 46 4.6 0.9726 0.8778 0.005 20.6 0.1305 0.0838 45 9.1 0.9945 0.9175 0.001 24.2 0.1385 0.0883 22 26.2 0.9974 0.9474 Max (r), T, %max, PCCR (p), PCCR (max) DAPP, = 0.005, PCCR (p) 0.6438, =0.001, PCCR (p) 0.9823, %max 47%, DAPP MRT KL,, =0.05, PCCR (p) 0.3658, 0.01 0.001, PCCR (p) 0.8395 0.9873 SEAHA KL,, PCCR (p), %max,,, ;, MRT (overcontrol), Max (r) r max = 0.2,, MRP ( 4), DAPP, =0.001, PCCR (p) 0.6724, KL, PCCR (p) 0.7802, MRP,, %max MRT, PCCR (p) MRT, Wang (2011) CD-CAT,, 2 4, PCCR (max) PCCR (p)

136 47 3 MRT 6 (30 ) TR P1 P2 epslon M Max (r) T # NU %max PCCR (p) PCCR (max) HSU 0.8 12.6 0.1995 0.0728 0 0.2 0.8637 0.6953 0.8 0.003 20.3 0.1995 0.1207 0 8.15 0.9950 0.9472 0.9 15.0 0.1995 0.0853 0 0.55 0.9368 0.7119 0.9 0.002 21.3 0.1995 0.1207 0 11.25 0.9965 0.9609 HM 0.8 0.05 16.0 0.1995 0.0969 0 0.55 0.9555 0.8660 0.8 0.01 18.5 0.1995 0.1116 0 3.00 0.9626 0.9000 0.8 0.005 19.0 0.1995 0.1145 0 4.45 0.9631 0.9122 0.8 0.001 21.4 0.1995 0.1200 0 8.4 0.9942 0.9454 0.9 0.05 16.5 0.1995 0.0914 0 1.35 0.9597 0.8320 0.9 0.01 19.3 0.1995 0.1092 0 6.55 0.9838 0.9045 0.9 0.005 20.1 0.1995 0.1114 0 8.2 0.9830 0.9310 0.9 0.001 23.2 0.1995 0.1217 0 13.1 0.9939 0.9385 SEA 0.3 17.3 0.0975 0.0636 0 5.75 0.9026 0.7335 0.25 20.8 0.1065 0.0685 0 10.45 0.9353 0.7598 0.2 21.1 0.1120 0.0720 0 24.9 0.9555 0.7897 0.1 25.3 0.1270 0.0913 0 35.6 0.9867 0.8629 0.05 27.1 0.1395 0.0863 0 65.85 0.9971 0.9080 HA 0.1 20.4 0.0960 0.0628 0 12.85 0.9154 0.7021 0.05 21.1 0.1160 0.0712 0 21.55 0.9476 0.8001 0.01 23.2 0.1240 0.0817 0 45.9 0.9883 0.8617 0.005 24.2 0.1325 0.0848 0 52.05 0.9947 0.8736 0.001 26.2 0.1465 0.0895 0 71.4 0.9995 0.8855 DAPP 0.05 2.7 0.0135 0.0078 0 0.1220 0.01 8.3 0.0395 0.0288 0 1.55 0.3430 0.6251 0.005 12.1 0.0570 0.0355 0 8.95 0.6438 0.8300 0.001 25.9 0.1305 0.0824 0 46.75 0.9823 0.9028 KL 0.05 9.0 0.0505 0.0299 0 0.05 0.3658 0.5833 0.01 19.9 0.0960 0.0642 0 6.5 0.8395 0.7612 0.005 21.7 0.1160 0.0732 0 14.2 0.9218 0.8072 0.001 27.0 0.1285 0.0931 0 50.65 0.9873 0.8834 2,, DAPP KL,,, (, P 1st 0.8), P 1st 0.8 (, =0.01), P 1st, 1 2 DAPP ( =0.05),, KS 2 K, 2 K DAPP, A 18, P 1st, 0.95, KS, A KS B 4, P 1st, P 1st ( 0.07 ), KS,, B KS 3 4 DAPP ( =0.05),, KS C 24,, KS 25, 30, 0.9, KS,, C KS D 30, P 1st 0.5

1 CD-CAT 137 4 MRP 6 (30 ) TR P1 P2 epslon M Max (r) T # NU %max PCCR (p) PCCR (max) HSU 0.8 14.3 0.0925 0.0444 0 1.3 0.8705 0.6339 0.8 0.003 23.1 0.1215 0.0690 0 20.2 0.9950 0.9082 0.9 16.3 0.1030 0.0504 0 3.1 0.9352 0.7878 0.9 0.002 24.1 0.1250 0.0718 0 27.4 0.9985 0.9024 HM 0.8 0.05 17.6 0.1035 0.0445 0 4.15 0.9497 0.7731 0.8 0.01 19.8 0.1150 0.0632 0 8.05 0.9562 0.8961 0.8 0.005 20.7 0.1115 0.0645 0 11.85 0.9594 0.8833 0.8 0.001 24.5 0.1155 0.0687 0 19.45 0.9949 0.9192 0.9 0.05 18.0 0.0985 0.0539 0 3.45 0.9531 0.7893 0.9 0.01 21.0 0.1165 0.0658 0 15.6 0.9824 0.8654 0.9 0.005 21.2 0.1230 0.0688 0 20.2 0.9811 0.8964 0.9 0.001 23.8 0.1275 0.0714 0 26.95 0.9913 0.9270 SEA 0.3 16.3 0.0535 0.0544 0 3.8 0.8428 0.6701 0.25 18.2 0.0565 0.0636 0 6.45 0.8938 0.7365 0.2 20.7 0.0625 0.0688 0 8.35 0.9435 0.7611 0.1 23.9 0.0820 0.0786 0 27.55 0.9881 0.8687 0.05 25.6 0.0770 0.0736 0 45.6 0.9975 0.8701 HA 0.1 17.1 0.0555 0.0517 0 7.2 0.8714 0.6676 0.05 18.8 0.0620 0.0588 0 15.6 0.9469 0.7316 0.01 21.2 0.0720 0.0691 0 39.5 0.9809 0.8243 0.005 22.1 0.0745 0.0717 0 46.4 0.9936 0.8629 0.001 23.7 0.0800 0.0771 0 68.45 0.9994 0.8640 DAPP 0.05 3.4 0.0135 0.0090 0 0.05 0.1712 0.6164 0.01 9.1 0.0290 0.0251 0 0.1 0.3880 0.7894 0.005 12.1 0.0365 0.0331 0 1.15 0.5248 0.8821 0.001 18.0 0.0550 0.0517 0 9.4 0.6724 0.9210 KL 0.05 8.6 0.0275 0.0235 0 0.05 0.4227 0.6867 0.01 13.6 0.0405 0.0372 0 1.65 0.6171 0.8206 0.005 15.5 0.0465 0.0429 0 2.25 0.6890 0.8525 0.001 18.9 0.0585 0.0550 0 9.6 0.7802 0.8854 2 1 A 2 B

138 47 3 C 4 D, KS, KS, 6 CD-CAT CAT,,,,,, CD-CAT, CD-CAT,, CD-CAT CAT (varablelength) CAT, CAT, (Babcock & Wess, 2009) 4 CD-CAT SEA HA DAPP HM, HSU KL 4 CD-CAT, (1)6,,,, (2), 4, HSU,,,,, (3), 6, MRT MRP, 0,,,, (4), SEAHM HA HSU, KL DAPP,, SEA,, KS, KS, KS,, CD-CAT, g s U (0.05,0.25),, g s (de la Torre, 2009;, 2012), 6,, 6, (Leghton, Gerl, & Hunka,

1 CD-CAT 139 2004),,, 6,,, 6,,, ; ( 30 ),, (Mao & Xn, 2013) CD-CAT Babcock, B., & Wess, D. J. (2009). Termnaton crtera n computerzed adaptve tests: Varable-length cats are not based. In D. J. Wess (Ed.). Paper presented at the Proceedngs of the 2009 GMAC Conference on Computerzed Adaptve Testng. Chen, P. (2011). Item replenshng n cogntve dagnostc computerzed adaptve testngbased on DINA model (Unpublshed doctoral dssertaton). Bejng Normal Unversty. [. (2011). DINA ()..] Chen, P., & Xn, T. (2011). Developng on-lne calbraton methods for cogntve dagnostc computerzed adaptve testng. Acta Psychologca Snca, 43(6), 710 724. [,. (2011).., 43(6), 710 724. ] Chen, P., Xn, T., Wang, C., & Chang, H. H. (2012). Onlne calbraton methods for the DINA model wth ndependent attrbutes n CD-CAT. Psychometrka, 77(2), 201 222. Cheng, Y. (2008). Computerzed adaptve testng new developments and applcatons (Unpublshed doctoral dssertaton). Unversty of Illnos at Urbana-Champagn. Cheng, Y. (2009). When cogntve dagnoss meets computerzed adaptve testng: CD-CAT. Psychometrka, 74(4), 619 632. Cheng, Y. (2010). Improvng cogntve dagnostc computerzed adaptve testng by balancng attrbute coverage: The modfed maxmum global dscrmnaton ndex method. Educatonal and Psychologcal Measurement, 70(6), 902 913 Cho, S. W., Grady, M. W., & Dodd, B. G. (2010). A new stoppng rule for computerzed adaptve testng. Educatonal and Psychologcal Measurement, 70(6), 1 17. de la Torre, J. (2009). DINA model and parameter estmaton: A ddactc. Journal of Educatonal and Behavoral Statstcs, 34(1), 115 130. Dodd, B. G. (1990). The effect of tem selecton procedure and stepsze on computerzed adaptve atttude measurement usng the ratng scale model. Appled Psychologcal Measurement, 14(4), 355 366. Dodd, B. G., Koch, W. R., & De Ayala, R. J. (1993). Computerzed adaptve testng usng the partal credt model: Effects of tem pool characterstcs and dfferent stoppng rules. Educatonal and Psychologcal Measurement, 53(1), 61 77. Dodd, B. G., De Ayala, R. J., & Koch, W. R. (1995). Computerzed adaptve testng wth polytomous tems. Appled Psychologcal Measurement, 19(1), 5 22. Hsu, C. L., Wang, W. C., & Chen, S. Y. (2013). Varablelength computerzed adaptve testng based on cogntve dagnoss models. Appled Psychologcal Measurement, 37(7), 563 582. Junker, B. W., & Sjtsma, K. (2001). Cogntve assessment models wth few assumptons, and connectons wth nonparametrc tem response theory. Appled Psychologcal Measurement, 25(3), 258 272. Kngsbury, G. G., & Houser, R. L. (1993). Assessng the utlty of tem response models: Computerzed adaptve testng. Educatonal Measurement: Issues and Practce, 12(1), 21 27. Leghton, J. P., Gerl, M. J., & Hunka, S. M. (2004). The attrbute herarchy method for cogntve assessment: A varaton on Tatsuoka's rule space approach. Journal of Educatonal Measurement, 41(3), 205 237. Mao, X. Z., & Xn, T. (2011). Improvement of tem selecton method n cogntve dagnostc computerzed adaptve testng. Journal of Bejng Normal Unversty (Natural Scence), 47(3), 326 330. [,. (2011). CAT. (), 47(3), 326 330. ] Mao, X. Z., & Xn, T. (2013). A comparson of tem selecton methods for controllng exposure rate n cogntve dagnostc computerzed adaptve testng. Acta Psychologca Snca, 45(6), 694 703. [,. (2013). CAT., 45(6), 694 703. ] Mao, X. Z., & Xn, T. (2013). The applcaton of the monte carlo approach to cogntve dagnostc computerzed adaptve testng wth content constrants. Appled Psychologcal Measurement, 37(6), 482 496. Rupp, A. A., Templn, J. L., & Henson, R. A. (2010). Dagnostc measurement: Theory, methods, and applcatons. Gulford Press. Tatsuoka, C. (2002). Data analytc methods for latent partally ordered classfcaton models. Journal of the Royal Statstcal Socety: Seres C (Appled Statstcs), 51(3), 337 350. Tatsuoka, C., & Ferguson, T. (2003). Sequental classfcaton on partally ordered sets. Journal of the Royal Statstcal Socety: Seres B (Statstcal Methodology), 65(1), 143 157. Tang, X. J., Dng, S. L., & Yu, Z. H. (2012). Applcaton of computerzed adaptve testng n cogntve dagnoss. Advances n Psychologcal Scence, 20(4), 616 626. [,,. (2012).., 20(4), 616 626. ] Templn, J. L., & Henson, R. A. (2006). Measurement of psychologcal dsorders usng cogntve dagnoss models. Psychologcal Methods, 11(3), 287 305. Wang, C. (2013). Mutual nformaton tem selecton method n cogntve dagnostc computerzed adaptve testng wth short test length. Educatonal and Psychologcal Measurement, 73(6), 1017 1035. Wang, C., Chang, H. H., & Douglas, J. (2012). Combnng CAT wth cogntve dagnoss: A weghted tem selecton approach. Behavor Research Methods, 44(1), 95 109.

140 47 Wang, C., Chang, H. H., & Huebner, A. (2011). Restrctve stochastc tem selecton methods n cogntve dagnostc computerzed adaptve testng. Journal of Educatonal Measurement, 48(3), 255 273. Wang, W. Y., Dng, S. L., & You, X. F. (2011). On-lne tem attrbute dentfcaton n cogntve dagnostc computerzed adaptve testng. Acta Psychologca Snca, 43(8), 964 976. [,,. (2011).., 43(8), 964 976. ] Wess, D. J., & Kngsbury, G. (1984). Applcaton of computerzed adaptve testng to educatonal problems. Journal of Educatonal Measurement, 21(4), 361 375. Xu, X. L., Chang, H. H., & Douglas, J. (2003). A smulaton study to compare CAT strateges for cogntve dagnoss. Paper presented at the annual meetng of the Amercan Educatonal Research Assocaton, Chcago. Zhang, Q. R. (2012). Cogntve dagnostc assessment preparaton and dagnostc studes on prmary school students chnese characters learnng (Unpublshed doctoral thess). Bejng Normal Unversty. [. (2012). ()..] Zhang, Q., & Ip, E. H. (2012). Generalzed lnear model for partally ordered data. Statstcs n Medcne, 31, 56 68. Exposure Control Methods and Termnaton Rules n Varable-Length Cogntve Dagnostc Computerzed Adaptve Testng GUO Le 1,2 ; ZHENG Chanjn 3 ; BIAN Yufang 2,4 ( 1 Faculty of Psychology, Southwest Unversty, Chongqng 400715, Chna) ( 2 Natonal Key Laboratory of Cogntve Neuroscence and Learnng, Bejng Normal Unversty, Bejng 100875, Chna) ( 3 Educatonal Psychology, Unversty of Illnos at Urbana-Champagn, Champagn, IL, 61820, USA) ( 4 Natonal Cooperatve Innovaton Center for Assessment and Improvement of Basc Educaton Qualty, Bejng Normal Unversty, Bejng 100875, Chna) Abstract Comparng to the nonadaptve testng, the major advantage of computerzed adaptve testng (CAT) s that the examnees acheve the same degree of measurement precson (.e., fxed precson). But few studes are devoted to the termnaton rules n varable-length cogntve dagnostc computerzed adaptve testng (CD-CAT). Inspred by the termnaton rule research n tradtonal CAT, ths paper proposed four termnaton rules for varable-length CD-CAT. The new termnaton rules were standard error of attrbute method (SEA), dfference of the adjacent posteror probablty method (DAPP), halvng algorthm (HA) and hybrd method (HM), respectvely. Then, the four new termnaton rules were compared wth the HSU and KL method under two scenaros: wth and wthout tem exposure control. Three exposure control methods were consdered,.e., smple, modfed restrctve progressve (MRP) and modfed restrctve threshold (MRT) method. The MRP and MRT methods were extenson of the Wang et al. s (2011) work to the varable-length CD-CAT scenaro. The results ndcated that: (1) When the crteron of varable-length termnaton rule was conservatve, the mean of the test length and the percentage of examnees reachng the maxmum test length were large, and the classfcaton accuracy rate for examnees who fnshed the CAT usng fxed precson was hgh. (2) Wthout the tem exposure control, the four new varable-length termnaton rules had a smlar performance compared to the HSU method. Wth the ncrease of maxmum posteror probablty and the decrease of, the classfcaton accuracy rate and the mean test length presented a ncreasng trend. But the tem pool usage was unsatsfactory. (3) Wth the tem exposure control, tem pool usage was greatly mproved n the sx varable-length termnaton rules whle the classfcaton accuracy rates were mantaned. Dfferent exposure control methods had a dfferent effect on the dfferent varable-length termnaton rules. The relatve crteron termnaton rules such as DAPP and KL methods were easly affected by the tem exposure control. (4) Taken all together, the SEA, HM, and HA methods were comparable to the HSU method, and followed by the KL and DAPP method. Some future drectons were suggested n the end of ths paper. Key words cogntve dagnostc computerzed adaptve testng; varable-length termnaton rule; exposure control; classfcaton accuracy rate; DINA model