農業工程學報　第43卷第4期 Journal of Chinese Agricultural Engineering

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1 60 2 Journal of Tawan Agrcultural Engneerng 03 6 Vol. 60, No. 2, June 204 Evaluaton Indcators for Coastal Ecotoursm based on Fuzzy Delph Method * Yu-Chuan Chang Ch-Hsang Wu /// 8 // ABSTRACT In order to evaluate envronmental and cultural factors, a system of ndcators for evaluaton the development of ecotoursm s constructed for coastal wetlands n ths study. Frst, a prelmnary evaluaton s framework of four dmensons and twenty three ndcators were conducted from relevant lteratures. Subsequently, Fuzzy Delph Method (FDM) was employed to flter out frst level to four dmensons, whch are envronmentecology, socety-culture, economc and management mplementaton dmenson, and second level to eghteen evaluaton ndcators. In addton, the relatve weghts between dmensons and ndcators were converted by experts consensus value. The result ndcated the envronment-ecology and management-mplementaton both play comparatvely mportant roles n the course of developng ecotoursm n coastal wetlands. * [email protected]

ndcators for evaluaton the development of ecotoursm s constructed for coastal wetlands n ths study.

2 Regardng ndcators sgnfcance, the tops of each dmenson are respectvely bodversty, toursts satsfacton, experence of recreaton actvtes, feedbacks to the commun- tes and toursts safety. Keywords: Costal Wetland, Ecotoursm, Fuzzy Delph Method (NGO) % (200) (2002)(2006) ( ) ( 2007) Valentne (993) Mcronesa Ross & Wall (999a; 999b) Tsaur et al. (2006) Ross and Wall (999a; 999b) Chae et al. (202) Lundy Lundy Schavett et al. (203) (2003) 4 5 (2006) (AHP) 2

Keywords: Costal Wetland, Ecotoursm, Fuzzy Delph Method.

3 4 6 (2008) ( ) () () 3 37 Ln and Chuang (202) (200) 960 Helmer Dalkey (ntutve forecastng method) 990 Murray 985 Klr Folger (988) Ishkawa (993) -(Max-Mn) (fuzzy ntegraton) (FDM) 3

4 (FDM) Ln Chuang (202) (Ln and Chuang, 202) (Tsaur et al., 2006Chae et al., 202 Schavett et al., 203) (Max-mn) (Klr and Folger988) 2 C L C M C U 4

5 O L O M O U C = (C L, C M, C U ) O = (O L, O M, O U ). (C U O L ) G C M O M () CM OM G...() 2 (C U > O L ) Z = C U O L M (O M C M ) ( ) G (mn) (2)(3) F ( X ) mn, ( ) j x C X j O X j dx..(2) G X max ( X )...(3) j F j G (4) G CU OM OLCM OM OLCU CM...(4) (C U > O L ) Z = C U O L M (O M C M ) (2008)(2005) Ln Chuang (202) 0~0. 2. () ( ) Klr Folger (988) % 5

6 Ishkawa (993) Mcrosoft Excel C () O ( )Mn Max M Z G 2 3 (Z) Z 0 M M Z MZ M Z M Z (A7)(B) 2 M-Z (G) G C Max O Mn (S) 2 M>Z Z = C U O L M = O M C M M Z G A / B / C D /

7 3 Z = C U O L M = O M C M M > Z M Z A A2 () A A A A A B B B B B B C C D D D D D D D D G 6 6 G G G (S) (Klr and Folger, 988) G (A7) (B)(D)(D7) (D8) 5 G G 6 (A7) (B) (D)(D7)(D8) (G ) (5) 5 G W... (5) G 7

8 6.65 D 3 3.42 0.42 5.55 D2 3 3.08 0.08 7.4 D3 2.93.93 6.33 D4 2 3.20.20 6.97 D5 3.3 3.3 7.28 D6 3 3.4 0.4 6.8 D7 3 3.46 0.46 4.57 D8 3.89 3.89 4.

8 4 A / B / C D / A A2 () A3 A4 A5 A6 B B2 B3 B4 B5 C C2 D D2 D3 D4 D5 W G ΣG W 5 / (0.275)/(0.263)/ (0.239)(0.223)/ / (0.06)(0.060) (0.060) (0.059)(0.059) 5 () A /(0.275) B /(0.239) 3 C (0.223) 4 D /(0.263) 2 A A2 () A A A A B B B B B C 0.06 C D D D D D

223) 4 D /(0.263) 2 A 0.060 2 A2 () 0.054 2 A3 0.053 3 A4 0.056 9 A5 0.050 7 A6 0.055 0 B 0.

9 (2000)(2003) (2005) Ln Chuang (202) 4.. / // // / 8 / / / // ( Tsaur et al., 2006) 3. / / / (2000)(2003) (2005)

10 . (2002) (2007) chnese/ndex.php?opton=com_content&vew= artcle&d=0059&catd=40&itemd=53 3. (200) (2008) (PG ) 5. (200) net.tw/ndexc.asp 6. (2003) (2005) 9(2) (2003) 9. (995)- (3) (2004) -. (2008) 22(2) (2007) 6() (2009) 4. (2006) (999) 9(2) (2006) (94AS-.3.2-FB-e(2)) 7. (2000) 23() (2005) (93AS FB-e()) 9. (2005) 0(3) Chae D.R., Wattage P., Pascoe S. (202). Recreatonal benefts from a marne protected area: A travel cost analyss of Lundy. Toursm Management, 33, Fennell D. A. (999). Ecotoursm: An ntroducton. London: Routledge. 22. Ishkawa, A., Amagasa T., Tamzawa G., Totsuta R. and Meno H The max-mn Delph method and Fuzzy Delph method va fuzzy ntegraton. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 55: Ln C.C., Chuang Z.H. (202). Usng Fuzzy Delph Method and Fuzzy AHP for Evaluaton Structure of the Appeal of Tawan s Coastal Wetlands Ecotoursm. Busness, Economcs, Fnancal Scences, and Management Advances n Intellgent and Soft Computng, 43, Klr, G. J. and Folger T. A Fuzzy sets, uncertanty, and nformaton. Prentce Hall, USA 25. Orams, M. B. (995). Towards a more desrable form of ecotoursm., Toursm Management, 6(), Ross, S. & Wall, G. (999a). Ecotoursm: towards congruence between theory and practce. Toursm Management, 20(),

(2009) 4. (2006) 507-0 5. (999) 9(2)3-43 6. (2006) (94AS-.3.2-FB-e(2)) 7. (2000) 23()43-50 8. (2005) (93AS- 2.3.2-FB-e()) 9. (2005) 0(3)59-80 20. Chae D.R., Wattage P., Pascoe S. (202).

11 27. Ross, S. & Wall, G. (999b). Evaluatng ecotoursm: The case of North Sulawes, Indonesa. Toursm Management, 20(6), Schavett A., Manz J., Santos C.Z.S., Magro T.C. (203). Mara Inez Pagan emarne Protected Areas n Brazl: An ecologcal approach regardng the large marne ecosystems. Ocean & Coastal Management, 76, Tsaur, S. H., Ln, Y. C., Ln, J. H. (2006). Evaluatng ecotoursm sustanablty from the ntegrated perspectve of resource, communty and toursm. Toursm Management, 27(4), Valentne, P. S. (993). Ecotoursm and Nature Conservaton: A Defnton wth Some Recent Developments n Mcronesa, Toursm Management, 4(2),

H., Ln, Y. C., Ln, J. H. (2006). Evaluatng ecotoursm sustanablty from the ntegrated perspectve of resource, communty and toursm. Toursm Management, 27(4), 640-653. 30.

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農業工程學報 第43卷第4期 Journal of Chinese Agricultural Engineering

農業工程學報　第43卷第4期 Journal of Chinese Agricultural Engineering