68 9 910 10 15 15 1 2325 2 2526 3 2728 4 2829 1
2 29 38 3840 43 43 1 4950 2 5052 3 5254 4 5456
62 6264 6466 6670 70 8384 8486 8690 89 3
9599 100 The Prince 100101 101106 106111 112 112 112113 1 113 2 113114 3 114 4 114 1 114116 2 116118 4
118 123 124129 130136 5
6
N Machiavelli 1 management by motivation the core of management 1 7
8
2 2 1992 230 9
3 3 232 10
4 4 1997 11
12
5 5 1969 916 13
6 6 14
7 7 15
8 9 8 1 2 9 16
17
10 11 10 11 18
12 13 14 12 13 1994 152 14 19
15 15 60 1 20
2 3 4 5 21
16 17 18 16? 17 18 1986 322323 22
19 1 NMachiavelli 19 23
24
2 25
20 20 26
3 21 22 21 22 1997 128 129 27
4 28
29
23 24 25 26 27 28 23 24 2000 355 25 2000 355 26 2000 356 27 2000 357 28 2000 357 30
1 31
29 30 29 2000 10401041 30 2000 352353 32
31 31 1986 207 33
34
35
32 32 36
37
38
39
33 33 1969 40
2 41
34 36 37 38 34 35 ( 1993 ) 190 36 20 37 ( 1993 ) 220228 38 < > 1980 244 42
39 39 1986 43
40 40 1969 44
41 42 43 44 45 46 41 42 1969 43 44 1986 45 46 45
47 47 46
48 Executive 48 47
chief executive49 50 Leadership 51 52 KDavis 53 motivational stylespositive and negative leadership power stylesautocraticparticipative and free-rein managers supervision styles employee-oriented and task-oriented managers Management planning 49 Andrew Heywood 522 50 524 51 544 52 1981 96 53 Keith Davis opcit p108-114 48
organizing staffing leading controlling 54 controlling performance appraisal55 56 1 57 58 54 Leslie WRue 1983 249& Lloyd LByars 1998 6 55 20 478 56 organizing staffing 57 58 49
2 59 60 59 1900 90 91 60 50
61 62 61 62 51
63 64 3 63 64 52
65 66 65 1992 198 66 1974 53
67 68 69 67 68 69 54
70 71 70 71 55
72 73 74 72 1969 73 2000 142 74 56
57
58
75 76 78 75 2000 69 76 77 1997 219210 78 : 1978 36 37 59
79 79 60
80 81 82 83 80 1976 1013 81 60 82 83 1991 358 61
84 85 84 50 85 19 62
86 87 86 2000 2 28 87 1992 252 63
88 88 1969 963 64
89 90 89 1991 222 90 1996 65
66
91 91 1969 67
92 92 1969 68
69
93 93 1969 70
94 95 96 97 98 94 1969 95 1969 96 1969 97 1969 98 1969 71
99 100 101 102 99 1969 100 1969 101 1969 102 1969 72
103 103 1969 73
74
organization staffing 1 104 2 105 104 105 75
106 107 108 109 110 3 106 107 108 109 110 76
111 111 77
? 78
112 division of labor 113 authority parity principle 112 113 Leslie WRue & Lloyd LByars 1998 < > 218219 79
114 staffing promotion 114 224 80
115 116 117 115 116 117 81
118 119 118 1986 212 119 82
120 121 120 1983 249 121 1983 252256 83
122? 123? 124 122-1976 30 123 45 124 1982 282 283 84
125 126 127 128 125 283 126 308 127 1983 84 102 128 85
129 130 1983 8687 129 1983 87 130 1983 89 86
131 131 1983 1203 87
132 132 1983 500 88
133 134 133 134 89
135 136 137 135 1983 286 136 137 90
? 1983 1152 91
138 92
?? 139 139 1979 188189 93
140 140 94
141 142 141 1957 63 142 180 95
96
97
NMachiavelli 98
The Prince NMachiavelli Foronce 143 Dieci di liberta e pece 144 The Prince 143 Duchy of Milan The Republic of Venice Kinodom of napice The Republic of Foronce Papal states 144 The Prince Discourses on Live The Art of War History of Florence 99
145 Lorenzo Di Piero De Medici Machiavellism Machiavellian 145 100
146 146 101
147 148 147 ( 1984 79 ) 148 ( 1984 80 ) 102
150 151 149 ( 1984 103 ) 150 151 ( 1984 93 ) 103
152 152 104
153 ( 1984 79 ) ( 1984 81 ) 154 ( 1984 71 ) 105
106
155 ( 1984 102 ) 107
156 ( 1984 101 ) 157 105 108
158 ( 1984 94 ) 159 ( 1984 76 ) 160 ( 1984 84 ) 109
161 161 91110 110
111
162 1 2 162 1981 324-328 112
3 4 1 113
163 163 ( 1993 ) 114
2 NMachiavelli human dignity cooperative or irrational system 115
the core of management 164 165 164 1981 84 64 165 1981 116
prescriptive models Max weber ldeal Type of Bureaucracy Model ldeal Type of Bureaucracy Model 318 166 Andrew Heywood 346 117
167 Hawthorne experiments Keith Davis 168 Y X content process reinforcement content need hierarchy AbrahamMaslaw : 169 170 167 168 1981 108 169 RWMorell RWMorellManagement Ends ad Means 170 Leslie WRue& Lloyd LByars 20 1998 348349 118
empowerment content motivation maintenance 171 Herzberg Mausner Snyderman 172 hygiene factors 173 motivators individual difference 1981 117119 171 172 Andrew Heywood 352 173 353 119
expectancy instrumentality valence preference 176 174 Patrick Forsyth 2002 36 175 Leslie WRue & Lloyd LByars 1999 381 176 1981 134135 120
motivation maintenance job enrichment 177 178 reinforcement theory179 BFSkinner punishment 180 positive reinforcement 181 177 173 380 178 179 operant conditioning 180 Leslie WRue & Lloyd LByars 1999 382 181 Leslie WRue & Lloyd LByars reinforcement positive reinforcement negative 121
reinforcement extinction punishment 1999 382 122
182 182 123
124
125
126
AbrahamMaslaw need hierarchy : motivators motivation maintenance 127
183 183 128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136