33 5 2009 9 Vol1 33, No15 September 2009 77 Population Research W HO UNDP,, : (1) 1980,, ; (2), (3),, (4), : ; ; ;,,:100089, : (1), ( ) ; (2),, ; (3), ( Kuh and Ben,1997 ; Power and Hertzman,1997 ;Davey. Smithet et al.,1997 ;L ynch and Kaplan,1997),,, ;,,,, (,1988 ;,1989 ;,1989 ;,1990 1995 ;,1991 ;,1992 ;,1993 ;, 1994 1997 ;,1994 ;,1995 ;,2000 ;,1985 2005 ;,1989 ;, 1990 ;,1990 1994 ;,1996 ;,1999) ( F. D. Wolin2 sky,1999),,,,, ;
78 33,, 1949 1970 1980 1990 1 1. 1 1949 1979 200, 120, 300 (,1996) 1949, 1954 1963 1954 14 / 5 1958 19 / 1975 29 / / 1, :, 1950 1960 1 1949 1970 A B 1949 200 (1944 1949 ) 203. 60 1950 197. 93 1954 138. 5 1955 107. 64 1957 70. 39 1958 80. 80 1960 109. 92 1963 84. 27 1965 72. 13 1970 51. 59 1973 1975 47. 0 1975 48. 05 1976 44. 23, 1977 40. 04 ( 1978 41. 02 1) 1979 39. 11 % 1949 1979 1949 1975 1949 1979, 5. 29 5. 40 161, :A. 1989. : 5. 29 %, GDP 4 %,,1989 ;. 1989. :,1989 5. 29 %, UNDP B,.. :,1994 HDI 4. 27 %( 2),,, (,1994 ;,2001 ;,2003 ;,2004 ;,2005 ),,,,,,, ;, 72 % 90 %,, 1980,,
5 79 2 1950 1970 ( ) (1949 1979 ) GDP( / ) (1950 1982 ) ( ) (1950 1982 ) (1950 1980 ) 200. 00-1. 00 a 0. 159 39. 11-5. 20 b 0. 557 c % - 5. 29 4. 00 a 5. 29 4. 27 :a.,..,2003 ;2 :12 b 1982 c UNDP. Human Development Report 2004. http :/ / hdr. undp. org/ en/ report s/ global/ hdr2004 1. 2 1980 1982 1982 1 1988 2 1988, 1980 1987 (,1991) 3 1980 1987, 1980 1985, 1986 1987 1980 1985 1980 1987, 1980 1985 2. 65 %, 30 (5. 32 %),, ( 3) 3 1980 A B 1980 42. 76 43. 2 1981 37. 33 40. 0 1982 36. 42 35. 0 1983 41. 37 43. 4 1984 38. 41 42. 2 1985 37. 38 37. 8 1986 37. 14 42. 5 1987 39. 82 36. 0 % 1980 1985 2. 65 1980 1987 1. 01 1980 1985 2. 64 1980 1987 2. 57 :A. 1989. :,1989 B,..,1992 ;3 :23 26 4 1980 ( ) GDP( / ) ( ) (1980 1985 ) (1980 1990 ) a (1982 1990 ) b (1980 1990 ) c 42. 76 460 5. 2 0. 557 37. 38 853 6. 26 0. 627 % - 2. 65 13. 15 2. 35 1. 19 :a 2005.,2005 ( ) b 1982 1982 ;1990. 2003.,2004 c UNDP. Human Development Report 2004. http :/ / hdr. undp. org/ en/ report s/ global/ hdr2004/
80 33 1980, GDP 13 %,,,,,,,,,1980 ( 4) 1. 3 1990 5 1990 A B C 1990 32. 89 1991 50. 2 1992 46. 7 1993 43. 6 1994 39. 9 1995 36. 4 41 1996 33. 03 39 1997 33. 1 38 1998 33. 2 38 a 1999 33. 3 33 a 2000 32. 2 28. 41 31 a 2001 30. 0 22. 21 31 a 2002 29. 2 20. 20 31 % 1991 2002 4. 80 1990 2002 4. 00 1995 2002 3. 98 :A 81. 2004. www. moh. gov. cn B 1982 1990 2000 1995 1 % ;2001 2002. 2002. :,2003 C W HO. World Health Report 1995-1999 2004. www. who. int/ entity/ whr/ en/ a UNDP. Human Development Report 2000,2001,2003,2005. http :/ / hdr. undp. org/ en/ reports/ 20 90,, 1990 2000,1995 1 % 81, W HO/ UNDP 3, 10, 4. 80 %,,, 4 %, 0. 8 ( 5) 1990 4 % 1980,,, (2. 13 %) (1. 45 %), ( 6)
5 81 6 1990 2002 GDP( / ) ( ) (1990 2002) (1990 2002) a (1990 2000) b (1990 2002) c 32. 89 1634 6. 26 0. 627 20. 20 8214 7. 73 0. 745 % - 4. 00 14. 40 2. 13 1. 45 :a. 2005. :,2005 ( ) b. 2003.,2004 c UNDP. Human Development Report 2004. http :/ / hdr. undp. org/ en/ report s/ global/ hdr2004/,1949 2002, 1950 1980,, 1980 1990,,,, 1 1 (1950 ) : 2 4 6,,,,,, 1980? 1. 4 : (1), ; (2),,,; (3),,, 7,1990 2003, 4. 39 %, 3. 24 %, 1. 46 % ; (4),,,,
82 33 7 1970 2003 1970 1978 1990 1998 2003 1970 1978 1978 2003 1970 2003 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) % % % 85 52 38 38 30 5. 958 2. 18 3. 107 127 129 80 69 63 0. 196 2. 83 2. 102 46 34 16 9 7 3. 708 6. 13 5. 546 65 41 19 17 13 5. 597 4. 49 4. 760 55-36 7 19 - - 3. 170 17 13 8 5 6 3. 298 3. 05 3. 107 18 11 7 5 4 5. 970 3. 97 4. 456 14 9 5 4 3 5. 373 4. 30 4. 561 43 30 8 5 5 4. 400 6. 92 6. 312 22 13 7 4 3 6. 365 5. 70 5. 859 15 10 7 5 4 4. 942 3. 60 3. 926 18 14 7 6 5 3. 093 4. 03 3. 807 20 14 9 5 7 4. 361 2. 73 3. 131 109 70 64 59 1. 843 22 8 7 5 4. 390 86 40 51 29 3. 240 130 90 105 80 1. 460 96 87 63 58 54 1. 223 1. 89 1. 728 :1978 W HO. World Health Report 1999 ;www. who. int/ entity/ whr/ en/ UNDP. Human Development Report 2000,2003,2005. http :/ / hdr. undp. org/ en/ reports/ 2 2. 1 2000,2000 (35. 72 ) (13. 32 ) 2. 6, 1. 92 (22. 16 11. 55 ), 2. 79 (42. 87 15. 38 ) 1990,,, 1997, 1991 2002 10, ( 2, 3) 2. 2 :,,, (,1991),,, ( ICD - 9), ( ) ( ) ; ( ) ( )
5 83 ;,,,, (,1991 ;,2004 ;,2005),,,, 2 3 :. 2004. www. moh. gov. cn, 1972 1975,(,2000),,, (,2005), 1990 1995 2000 (, 2005), 1990,,,,, : (1),1990 2000,, ;, ; (2) 1990 1995 2000,,, 22. 7 % 12. 3 %, 24. 4 % 12. 1 %, 45. 8 % 50. 4 % ; 45. 9 % 40. 4 %, 49. 4 % 40. 3 %, 12 % 18. 4 %,( 8 4) (3) 8,,1990 1995, 2000, 4,, 4. 2, 6. 4,,,,,,
84 33, 8 1990 2000 % 1990 1995 2000 1990 1995 2000 22. 7 17. 5 12. 3 24. 4 18. 6 12. 1 36. 9 44. 2 42. 1 34. 1 39. 9 41. 3 45. 9 43. 7 40. 4 49. 4 46. 9 40. 3 31. 3 36. 1 39. 8 28. 3 36. 3 41. 2 :,.. :,2005 4 1990 2000 3 : 8 3. 1 1953 2000 e0,, Arriaga e0 ( Arriaga, 1984), ( iex ) e0 ( i TEx ) : ( id Ex), ( i IEx) ( i Ix),t t + n, x x + i :i T E x = i D E x + i I E x + i I x 1971 1999, e0,, e0, (,2003) 1953 1964 1964 1982 (,1987) 1981 1990 2000, (0 ) (1 4 ) (5 14 ) (15 44 ) (45 59 ) (60 ) ( ) 5, 1950,, ( 21. 5 % 1980 18 % 1990 16. 6 %),,,1 4 5 14 60,1953 1964,
5 85 12. 8 %,1980 25. 5 %,1990 32. 8 %,, 5 e0 ( ) :( 1) 1953 1982 1987 ;. 1953 1964 1964 1982.,1987 ;1 ( 2) 1981 2000 2005,.. :,2005 3. 2 1981 2000 ( ) e0, 2000 ( 15. 58 %),, 2000 ( 77. 61 %), 1981 2000, 6 6 (2000 65 6 %), 6 e0 ( ) ( 1981 2000 ), : 2005,,, :,2005,, 66. 05 6 % Tu, e0 ( Tu, 1985), 15 59 36. 54 %, 25. 73 %,,,,,,,,
86 33 4 (1) 50 1950 1970,1980,,,, (2), 30,,, /, (3), 1950 1980,,,,,, (4) 41. 8 %,,1990 2000,, 45. 8 % 50. 4 %, 12 % 18. 4 %,,, 4. 2, 6. 4,,, : 1 Kuh and Ben. 1997. A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology : Trancing the origins of Health from Early to Adult Life. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 2 Power and Hertzman. 1997. Social and Biological Pathways Linking Early Life and Adlut Disease. British Medical Bulletin, 53 :210 221. 3 Davey. Smithet et al. 1997. Lifetime Socioeconomic Position and Mortality : Prospective Observational Study. British Medical Journal, 314 :547 552. 4 Lynch and Kaplan. 1997. Cumulative Impact of Sustained Economic Hardship on Physycal, Cognitive, Psychological and Social Functioning. New England Journal of Medicine, 337 (26), 1889 1895. 5,..,1988 ;4 :1 10 6,. 1986 1987.,1989 ;4 :62 64 7..,1989 ;3 8..,1990 ;2 :37 45 9... 1990 ( ). :,1995 :370-373 10..,1993 ;2 :20 25 11. 80.,1994 ;3 :1 11 12..,1997 ;1 :58 62 13. 80 1990.,
5 87 1994 ;2 :37 44 14,..,1995 ;2 :14 21 15..,2000 ;2 :33 40 16..,1985 ;2 :31 35 17,.. :,2005 18 [ ] F. D. Wolinsky,.. :,1999 19. 1996 2005. www. moh. gov. cn 20. 1989. :,1989 21. 1994. :,1994 22.. :,2001 23..,2003 ;7 24.. 2005. http :/ / www. usc. cuhk. edu. hk/ wkgb. asp 25,..,1992 ;3 :23-26 26 W HO. World Health Report 1995 2004. www. who. int/ entity/ whr/ en/ 27. 1992 2003.,2004 ;7 :415,417 28 Arriaga, Eduardo E.. Measuring and explaining the change in life expectancies. Demography, 1984 ;21 :83 96. 29,..,2003 ;5 :63 72 30. 1953 1964 1964 1982.,1987 ;1 :25 26 31 Tu Edard J C. On long - term mortality trends in Taiwan, 1906 1980. Chinese Journal of Sociology, 1985 ;9 :145 164 ( : :2009-07)