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2 dual identity GDP GDP IMF Pew Research Center 2011 world s leading superpower http / /databank. worldbank. org /ddp /home. do Step = 12&id = 4&CNO = 2 5

3 GDP / Gustaaf Geeraerts 7 1 Pew Research Center U. S. Status as World s Superpower Challenged by Rise of China U. S. Favorability Ratings Remain Positive July http / /pewresearch. org /pubs /2059 / - superpower - china - us - image - abroad - afghanistan - terrorism http / /databank. worldbank. org /indicator /NY. GDP. PCAP. CD UNDP Human Development Report 2011 http / /hdr. undp. org /en /. Gideon Rachman When China Becomes Number One Financial Times June Wu Xinbo Four Contradictions Constraining China s Foreign Policy Behavior Journal of Contemporary China Vol. 27 No pp

4 great power power Walter Carlsnaes Thomas Risse and Beth Simmons eds. The Handbook of International Relations London Sage Press 2002 p

5 - 8

7 David M. Lampton

8 WTO % % http / /www. scio. gov. cn /zxbd /wz / /t htm 11

10 hide our capabilities and bide our time Office of the Secretary of Defense Annual Report to Congress Military and Security Developments Involving the People s Republic of China 2011 http / /www. defense. gov /pubs /pdfs /2011_cmpr_final. pdf. 13

11 A 1 B 29 C 13 D 9 14

12 % A D APEC ARF Union of International Associations Yearbook of International Organizations Munich De Gruyter Saur 2009 pp

13 people s diplomacy 16

14 favorable unfavorable favorability

15 % 73% 80% http / /www. pewglobal. org /2011 /07 /13 /china - seen - overtaking - us - as - global - superpower /2 /.

16 GDP

18 No World Economics and Politics Abstracts China s Dual - identity Dilemma and Its Countermeasures Li Shaojun 4 Abstract The international system as the overall structure for interactions among actors is the environment and stage for implementation of China s foreign policy. In this system identity is a fundamental factor determining China s international position and interests and how to achieve them. China has long stressed that it is a developing country but with the rise of its national strength China today increasingly is regarded as a great power. Because developing countries and great powers use different mechanisms in their international interactions that produce different results China now faces a dual - identity dilemma. In fact with its image as a great power and the beginning of its interactions with the outside world China faces a negative international environment. To resolve this dilemma on the one hand China should subjectively recognize its true identity and the influence of the various mechanisms on its interactions and on the other hand it should properly resolve the problem of the objective coexistence of the two mechanisms. In terms of foreign relations China should deal with the influence of the main mechanisms embedded in the international system including power politics international institutions and the concept of construction so as to properly implement power - based diplomacy institutional diplomacy and public diplomacy. Only by using the advantages of the systematic effects of the international system and avoiding its disadvantages in dealing with the problems of development the use of power and the shaping of its national image will China better be able to a- chieve its national development objectives. Key Words China s identity international system China s diplomacy Author Li Shaojun Senior Fellow Institute of World Economics and Politics Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. 155

% 60% 40% 80% 54 40% Devandra Kaushik Perspectives on Security in I

% 60% 40% 80% 54 40% Devandra Kaushik Perspectives on Security in I * * ** 1 * ynuy200919 ** 1 See John W. Garver Protracted Contest Sino - India Rivalry in the Twentieth Century Washington D. C. University of Washington Press 2001 pp. 275-312 Robert D. Kaplan Center Stage