FROM THE EDITOR
4 1999 1 2011 1 67 ISSN 1009-1661 CN 11-4408/Q 82-253 ( 399,100044) 1383 BM 52 100864 01068597510 www.china-mab.cas.cn mabchina@163.com 2011 2 www.qikan.com www.bookan.com.cn 16.00 14 90 58 50 84 MAN AND THE BIOSPHERE Founded in January 1999 ( BIMONTHLY ) (Series No.67 No.1, 2011) Authorized by: Chinese Academy of Sciences Sponsored by: The Chinese National Committee for MAB Published by: Editorial Division of Man and the Biosphere Honorary Editor-in Chief: Xu Zhihong, Li Wenhua Science Advisor: Zhao Xianying, Wang Xianpu Editor-in-Chief: Wang Ding Executive Deputy Chief Editor: Chen Xiangjun The Special Editor: Zhou Haixiang Executive Director: Wang Jin Administrative Manager: Ma Xuerong Editor: Sun Wei, Lei Weipan Intern: Qu Shang Art Editor: Guo Xiaotao ISSN 1009-1661 CN 11-4408/Q Domestic Distribution: Beijing Bureau for Distribution of Newspaper and Journals Subscription: All Local Post Offices in China Subscription Code: 82-253 Overseas Distribution: China International Book Trading Corporation P. O. Box 399, Beijing 100044, China Overseas Subscription Code: 1383 BM Correspondence to: Man and the Biosphere Chinese National Committee for MAB 52 Sanlihe Road, 100864 Beijing, P. R. China Tel: 86 10 68597510 http://www.china-mab.cas.cn E-mail: mabchina@163.com Printed by: BEIJING COLOURFUL PRINTING CO,LTD All rights reserved. 34 64 73 94 64 Man and the Biosphere Programme launched by the UNESCO, is a global scientific programme related to the relationship between mankind and the environment. 74
The Chinese National Committee for Man and the Biosphere CONTENTS 4 14 15 16 33 34 49 50 56 58 64 70 73 74 84 90 93 94 96
2011/1 12.6 1/5 15-20
2007 10 2011/1
40% 5% 2011/1
6 m 1% 2000 40% 100 230 80% 500 4% 35 770 5 10 80 3 12 2007 10 2011/1
23% 29% 2 380 2011/1
1999 2004 1997 Costanza13 1.5% 40% 4052 / (969 / ) (232 / ) (92 / ) 400 400 11 2400 7000 60% 20-30 30 4000 80 1600 50 1000 50 50 70 9 100 1980 2005 25 2007 10 2011/1
14% 20% 43% 23% 14% 1/3 2020 5% 2011/1
20% 14 1-2% 100 19712 2 18 2010 160 1.8 1900 1995 10 1996 10 2 2 1985 1985 1986 1986 1988 1990 2004 5 300 2008 8 2011/1
2011/1
50-70 50 80 90 6 90 3 50 5 3 1972 30 1988 20 1989 1000 30 2400 18000 6 2000 GDP ( ) 2007 10 2011/1
Expert Viewpoint 2005 21.87 86.0% 18.81 0.5 9.41 15208.06, 71.49% 28.51%, 81.53%,, 2.77% 2.19%,, 0.32% 2005 212.110 4, 7211.4, 152.95 1107.5, 2005, 1.35 2011/1
Expert Viewpoint 3 4 230 1979 80% 2010 100 3, 200 5 50 0.4-0.5 100 20-30 50 2.6 1 1969 1981 7, 453 1982 1994 600 1998 200 2 217 102 145 2011/1
2011/1
2011/1
2011/1
20 2010 11 WWF 2011/1
3 5 13 2011/1
2011/1
, 2011/1
12 2011/1
2 2011/1
< > 2004 2011/1
2011/1
2011/1 V V V V V 2001 4 2030
11 70 50 2008 2009 2004 2011/1
1998 2002 5-6 1982-1983 87.6% 65.9% 76.5% 2002-2004 15 20 60 154 80 17 14 2011/1
2011/1
2000 20032004 4 5 22 2 5 50 5 2 1000 2 20 100 2011/1
2011/1
2011/1 Expert Viewpoint WWF WWF WWF
2011/1
2011/1
2003 2011/1
2005 2010 41 52 120 40 10 50 2011/1
2011/1 1949 12000 55% 30 2 6
130 138 30 2011/1
2011/1
2007 1200 2008 900 2009 400 ; ; 2011/1
2011/1
2003 2010 2011/1
200 2006 2006 40 2009 80 2010 1993 110 6000 60 A 5.19 12.11 6 2011/1
2003 2009 1945 145 1945 1978 737 50 50-60 20 50 20 70 90 500 2011/1
10 GDP 28 1443 25 228 133 100 2011/1
6 300 100 6 100 4 2011/1
300 5000 1000 GDP 2011/1
2011/1 1945 2005 60 40% 1980 500 500 13 25 29 94 ( )
, 2001 774 20 90, 1999, 60 1999 2000 3 2001 2 12 2003 2009 WWF 2 2 2001 12 46 46 2011/1
2009 46 2003 3 0.25 2001 2 2002 6 1 2003 6 12 19 2011/1
1 40 2 3 2009 2006 1 16 2003 2004 2011/1
2009-20 2011/1
2003 WWF 2002 170 2003 130 2008 50 2009 0 13 2009 7 11 2004 6 27 2001 7 2004 2001 2002 2011/1
2011/1 2010 ( ) 20
11500 8 TNC 2011/1
2011/1
2011/1
2011/1
946 203 21% 220 7000 77 15 150 9 35000 19 300 6 3000 2011/1
[ ] B 160 50 98 30 CITES IUCN 300IUCN 2011/1
- 2006 4 23 33 400 25 50 400 280 2011/1
15 50% 600 36% 1000 2006 38 23% 2006-2008 10 9 2008 20% 22 30%- 49% 2007 50 1950 1991 2006 37% 45% 15 33km 10 20 500 2006 1994-2020 205 2008 110 10 2002-2020 142 19 108 2007-2020 117 1917 43% 34% 2011/1
" " 2004 2007 2010 2007 1 2010 6 10 2003 22 2009 60% 23% 10 2011/1
2011/1 Expert Viewpoint 90% 20 270
2011/1 1000 36000 200
2011/1
2004 12 26 30 15 38 17 1576.3 30 1000 3 2011/1
2004 2008 2011/1
15 10 2001 8375 2008 9202 0.5 20053 2008 3 10 65 80 20 0.7 UNEP,2010 1980-1990 1.74 1990-2000 80 90 1.04 25 5 2001 22639 ( 22025, 614 ) 93 7 9084 8375 3930 94.48 2002 2854 2010 136 13 7 441 2001 15-20 55 37 109 873 258 434 31 13 39 421 28 8 75 2011/1
40 2010 2003 41.79 GDP 2011/1
2004 TNC 2011/1
2011/1
TNC 2011/1
2 7 ( ) 2011/1
2011/1 TNC
700-1000 60 0.2% 3848 594 385 10% 3000 192 40 80% 12 24 83 3 4 2011/1
TNC 25% 10%-15% 2001 2005 29.30% 21.48% GDP 2000 205.2, 188.2, 91.7% GDP 68.51% CO2 2011/1
2011/1 60 0.2% 20 90 100
2011/1 TNC
2011/1 20079 2010 7 4500 24 5-6 1-3 48 60 150 24 17.23 95% ( )
1970 1970 1980 2011/1
1980-1990 1981 1979 1980 2011/1
2005 2007 ( ) 2011/1
2011/1 50-100, 16 25 1997 1998 2002 2012 12% 2008
2-3 29-30 37-38 19847 1985 5 1-3 29-30 3-5 32-33 1998-1999 2007-2008 1-2 2011/1
2011/1 198911 ( ) 14 22-24 10 1993 37-38 C C
2011/1 Expert Viewpoint () ( ) 2004 12 26 30 70 ( )