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1 The Chinese National Committee for Man and the Biosphere Man and the Biosphere Man and the Biosphere

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

4 The Chinese National Committee for Man and the Biosphere = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = !!"!!"#$%&'(!"#$!!!!"!!!!"#!"#!!"#!"# ISSN CN /Q!!"!"#!! !"#$%&'( 399,100044)!"# 1383 BM!"!"#$ 52! ! [email protected]!"#$%&'()! !"!"#$%&'(!"!" !"#$%&'()*+, E!=!F MAN AND THE BIOSPHERE ( BIMONTHLY ) (Series No.62 No.2, 2010) Authorized by: Chinese Academy of Sciences Sponsored by: The Chinese National Committee for MAB Published by: Editorial Division of Man and the Biosphere Honorary editor-in chief: Xu Zhihong, Li Wenhua Science advisor: Zhao Xianying, Wang Xianpu Editor-in-chief: Wang Ding General Supervisor: Han Nianyong Executive deputy chief editor: Zheng Hong, Chen Xiangjun Editor: Song Yanbo, Xue Qing Photographer: Zhou Haixiang Art editor: Guo Xiaotao English translator: Irene Bain The tibetan translator: Naoga Sangjie ISSN CN /Q Domestic distribution: Beijing Bureau for Distribution of Newspaper and Journals Subscription: All Local Post Offices in China Subscription code: Overseas distribution: China International Book Trading Corporation P. O. Box 399, Beijing , China Overseas subscription code: 1383 BM Correspondence to: Man and the Biosphere Chinese National Committee for MAB 52 Sanlihe Road, Beijing, P. R. China Tel: [email protected] Printed by: BEIJING SHUNCHENG COLOUR PRINTING CO.,LTD All rights reserved. Acknowledgements the Ford Foundation for funding this issue!"#$%&'()*+,-./0!"#$%&'()*+,-. Man and the Biosphere Programme launched by the UNESCO, is a global scientific programme related to the relationship between mankind and the environment !" Man and the Biosphere!"#$!"#$%&'()!!"#$%&'(!"#$!!"#$%&'!"#$%&'!"#!"!"#$%&'(!"!"#!"#$%&'(! =============== =!"#$%& !"#!"#$% T!"#$%&'!"#$%!"#$%&!!"#$!"#$%!!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'()!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'()!"#!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'!"#$!"#$%&'!"#$%&'(!"#$!"#$%&!!"#$%&'!!"#$%&'() Man and the Biosphere!!!!!!

5 CONTENTS Supplementing the Yellow River Her erder ders face an unprec ecedent edented water crisis Report from the wetlands along the first bend of the Yellow River (1) A horrible blackened swamp Seven Years of water shortage in the summer pastures Awancang Wetland has dried before Pastures without flocks Shrinking lakes in the nature reserve Photo-story: Digging wells becomes a way out Expert interview: Why are the wetlands along the first bend of the Yellow River shrinking? How ow herder ders s are e handling a dilemma Report from the wetlands along the first bend of the Yellow River (2) Development quandaries Herders bear the full cost of student study support Does resettlement really reduce grassland pressure? Herders form household groups to manage grasslands A very different choice from individual household contracts More than an improvement for grasslands and grazing Still not a smooth way forward Not the full answer to grassland problems Photo story: The Living Buddha of riverbend temple What drives group household grassland management? Staff Journalist Yan Ju Li Li Staff Journalist Li Wenpeng Li Li Staff Journalist Staff Journalist Yi Rongrong Lin Lan Lin Lan Zhen Xiang Staff Journalist Lin Lan Yan Ju Staff Journalist Staff Journalist SYNOPSIS Special issue: Wetlands along the first bend of the Yellow River Grassland management by household groups How herders are handling a dilemma!"#!"#!"#

6 !"#$%

7 !!"#$%&'()*+,-.

9 13

10 60 14

11 15

12 16

13 17

14 18

15 Supplementing the Yellow River 1/3 7% 1-2% 1 30% 10-15% 30% 19

16 er der s face an unprece Her erder 20 Report from the wetlands along the first bend of the Yellow River (1) ed water crisis edented wat ecedent s face an unprec ders fac

17 dented water crisis 21

18 A horrible blackened swamp 5 22

19 Herders face an unprecedented water crisis

21 Herders face an unprecedented water crisis 25

22 Herders face an unprecedented water crisis

23 10 (tuo) 27

24 Seven Years of water shortage in the summer pastures 28

26 Herders face an unprecedented water crisis 50 30

27 3 31

28 A wancang Wetland has dried before

29 Herders face an unprecedented water crisis 33

30 Herders face an unprecedented water crisis 34

32 15 36

33 Herders face an unprecedented water crisis

34 without flocks Pastures

35 Herders face an unprecedented water crisis

36 Herders face an unprecedented water crisis

38 Herders face an unprecedented water crisis 42

39 Shrinking lakes in the nature reserve

40 60%

41 Herders face an unprecedented water crisis 45

42 46

43 Herders face an unprecedented water crisis

44 Photo-story Digging wells becomes a way out

45 49

46 50

48 52

49 Expert interview Why are the wetlands along the first bend of the Yellow River shrinking? 53

50 % 50% 80% % Expert interview

51 55 80% % % %

52 % % 50-60% Expert interview

54 ow herders are han 58

55 ling a dilemma How herder ders are handling a dilemma Report from the Wetlands along the first bend of the Yellow River (2) 59

56 Development quandaries Herders bear the full cost of student study support 60

57 %

58 Development quandaries

59 63

60 Development quandaries 64

61 65 48 really reduce Does resettlement grassland pressure?

63 Development quandaries

64 Herders form household groups to manage grasslands 68

65 Avery different choice from individual household contracts

66 70

67 Herders form household groups to manage grasslands

68 72

69 Herders form household groups to manage grasslands

70 Herders form household groups to manage grasslands More than an improvement for grasslands and grazing 74

71 75 100

72 Herders form household groups to manage grasslands

74 Still not way forward a smooth U 78

75 Herders form household groups to manage grasslands

76 Herders form household groups to manage grasslands

77 81,

78 Herders form household groups to manage grasslands Not the full answer to grassland problems 82

80 Herders form household groups to manage grasslands 84

82 86

83 Herders form household groups to manage grasslands

84 Photo-story The Living Buddha of riverbend temple 88

85 89

87 91

88 What drives group household grassland management? 5 92

89 93

90 94 50

92 ISSN CN /Q

目录 CONTENTS 封面宜信出书 : 小额信贷管理实务 14 16 为行业写书, 为自己代言 19 公司里的写书人 21 思利及人宜信传递正能量新书抢先读 22 小额信贷的信用风险政策影像

目录 CONTENTS 封面宜信出书 : 小额信贷管理实务 14 16 为行业写书, 为自己代言 19 公司里的写书人 21 思利及人宜信传递正能量新书抢先读 22 小额信贷的信用风险政策影像 EDITORIAL 卷首多重防线, 立体保障资金安全普惠金融服务的目标客户群主要是需要周转资金的小微企业主个体工商户以及急需用钱的中低收入人群, 这些客户通常无法提供抵押品, 因此服务风险较一般银行目标客户群要高为了更好