29 BIBLID1012-8514(2002)29p.63-85 2002 6 63~85 2000.9.15 2002.3.18 * *
64 1 2 1 1997 2 1960 53 1982 827
65 1631~1647
66 3 4 5 3 1982 2 554 4 5 1970 2 1a~b
67 6 7 8 6 1998 3 109 7 1977 1 2a 8 1 6a~b
68 9 10 11 1630 12 9 1 10a 10 1 7b 4 10a 11 1983 9~10 12 3 776
69 13 14 1637 15 13 313 14 313 15 4 10b
70 16 17 18 19 16 1985 4 36 17 3 13b 7 4b 7 1b 18 4 1b 19 1 8a~b
71 20 20 8 6a 2 5a
72 21 22 23 24 21 7b 8a 22 8 2b 23 8 2b 24 8 3b
73 25 26 25 559 26 10 8b
74 27 28 29 27 10 7b 28 3 15a 29 10 9a
75 1647 1644 1647 30 31 32 33 30 1a~2a 31 100~105 32 14 1906 2b~3a 33 10 4b~5a
76 34 35 36 34 1b~2a 35 5 9a 36 10 8a
77?~1636 37 38 37 18b~19a 38 262 1975 277 7100
78 39 40 41 42 43 39 3 14b~15a 40 5 7b 41 10 7b 42 10 8b 43 6b~7a
79 44 44 1988 38
80 45 46 45 1985 191 46 11 1 1968 12~13
81 47 47 2 427~523
82 48 456 472 534 48 30 4 24
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84 To Save the Nation is the Duty of Men? The Women of the Hsia Family During the Ming-Ching Transition Huei-min Sun Abstract During the Ming-Ch ing transition, all of the male members of the Hsia family in Sung Chang died because of their connection with the anti-ch ing movement. Though the male members were so loyal to the Ming dynasty, they did not ask their female family members to die with them or to take revenge for them, because they believed that to save the nation was the duty of men. After losing their husband, sons and brothers with whom the daughters of different family names connected, the Hsia women no longer lived with their in-laws. Instead of preserving the broken patriarchal family, the Hsia wife, concubine, and daughter-in-law chose to live with their own daughter. The Hsia daughter and daughter-in-law of Hou family, Shu-chi, was the only Hsia woman to live with her in-laws. In fact, the cohabiting Hou widows had transformed their in-law relation into a religious sisterhood. For a long time, the main theme of the story of the Hsia women has been their chastity and hardship to preserve the offspring of the loyalist family. During the Sino-Japanese war in 1937-1945, writers began to emphasize the support and participation in the anti-ch ing movement of the Hsia women. It appears that the idea
85 has changed, especially in the minds of the Nationalists in the Republican era: to save the country is no longer the duty only of men, but both of men and women. Keywords: women, nation, Hsia Yun-I, Hsia Wan-ch un, family.
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