2002 1 9 1 Contemporary China History Studies Jan., 2002 Vol. 9 No. 1 : (, 100036) [] 20 50 ; ; [ ],, 20 50, 10 2, ; ; 1954 1956,, 1957 ; 1957 1960,,,,,,, [] D829 [] A [ ] 100524952 (2002) 0120024214 Key words : Soviet Union ; experts ; policy An Historical Investigation of Soviet Experts in China : Cirumstances and Policy Changes SHEN Zhi2hua ( Eastern History Society, Beijing, 100036, China) Abstract : The large2scale assignment of experts and advisers abroad was a phenomenon special to socialist countries during the Cold War. This paper uses large numbers of Chinese archival documents, previously secret Soviet archives. and participants memoirs to examine the circumstances of the Soviet experts sent to China in the 1950s. The author believes that the 20000 or so Soviet experts who came to China during that decade were needed to consolidate power and the develop the economy. But assigning so many experts over such a short time led to a lack of preparation and strict administration. The hightide of sending Soviet experts of China was 1954 1956. Influenced by events in Poland, from 1957 both countries strengthened controls over experts. Between 1957 1960 China followed a policy of fewer but better,demanding increased numbers of defense techn2 ology experts. But the deterioration of Sino2Soviet relations led to a halt in sending experts. Further study of Soviet experts in China will help to understand the features of relations among the socialist countries, the causes of the break2up of the Sino2So2 viet alliance, and Chinas road to modernization.,, [ ] 2001-11 - 21 [ ] 24 (1950 ),,,
:,,, 1948, 1956, 1960 1949 1960,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1948,,, [1 ], 1947 1956 14000 (1957 2 23 ),, 1950 1956 5092 [ Sergei Goncharenko, Sino2Soviet Military Coo2 peration, Odd Arne Westad ed., Brothers in Arms : 1960 7, 1961 9, 1962 10.., 2 (1949 1966), 2, 1995, No. 65,. 49 [ Deborah Kaple, Soviet Advisors in China in the 1950s, Odd Arne Westad ed., Brothers in Arms : The Rise and Fall of the Sino2Soviet Alliance (1945 1963), Stanford Uni2 versity Press, 1998 ],, ( Dream of A Red Factory, The Legacy of High Stalinism in China, New York, Oxford, Oxford Universi2 ty Press, 1994),,, The Rise and Fall of the Sino2Soviet Alliance (1945 1963), Stan2 ford University Press, 1998, p. 155 ] 1957, 25
2002 1 600 [2 ] 1960 7,,, [3 ],, ( ),,,, 1958, 11527, 89 %, [4 ] 10260 1959 1960 699 410 [5 ],, 1948 1960 615 [6 ] 1958, ( ) 11369, (1957 ), 3390, [7 ],, 1949 1960 2? ( ),, [8 ],,,,,,,,,,,, 20 50, 1949 10, 2,, 70 62,, [9 ],,, 0124 % [10 ] 1951 7,,,,, (),,,, 1957 12 5,,, (, ZE1, 2, 239, 45 ) 1958 10 20, :,,, (, 1, 1 14, 94, 46 47 ),,,, 2001 6 10,, 26
:,,, [11 ],,, [12 ],,,,, 1950 1953 1093 [13 ], 1951 1953 1210 [14 ], 1953, 1950 5, 1500 [15 ],, 1953, 78, 500 [16 ],,, 1950 2 16,, 3 23 1951, 1951,, 42, 30 [17 ], 5 1952,,,,, 6 [18 ],,,,,,,,,,,, 1952 128, 2114 %, 12 %, 27121 %,,,,, [19 ],, 6, 1949,, 878 [20 ], 711 [21 ],,,, 1950 8,, 38, [22 ] 1951 2 15 [23 ] 9,, 83 [24 ],, 5 27
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