學校的策略管理 湯志民 國立政治大學教育學系教授 教育行政與政策研究所教授 一 前言 敎 二 策略的基本概念
( 一 ) 策略的意義 (strategystratos -ag strategia 2006 generalship Nickols, 2000Strategy strategos general Weihrich, 1982 strategy 2009a2009a 1. 2. 3. ( 二 ) 策略的本質 2000 12
2009a ( 三 ) 策略的作用 2005 ( 四 ) 策略形成的類型 strategy formulationdeliberate emergentcontral learningmintzberg2005 8plannedentrepreneurial ideologicalumbrellaprocessunconnected consensusimposed
2009b 二 學校的策略分析 strategic analysis 2005 Porter SWOT 2009a SWOT ( 一 )SWOT 分析 SWOTstrategic position situation analysis 2007 Marketing Teacher, 2009; Tutor2u, 2009bSWOT
SWOT Hill & Jones, 2008 SWOT 1965Steiner Hussey SWOT1960 Stanford Research Institute S.O.F.T.Ffault Fleiser Bensoussan SWOTKenneth Andrews1971 Andrews distinctive competence or corporate resources 1970portfolio model 1980 Porter 1980 SWOT SWOT 2008 Weihrich 1982TOWSS W O T 2 2 1 SO Maxi-Maxi 2 ST Maxi-Mini 3 WO Mini-Maxi 4 WT Mini-Mini 2007 Weihrich, 1982 Weihrich SWOT2002 1 S 2 W 3 O
4 T 5 20021 2 SWOT ( 二 ) 藍海策略分析 2005 Blue Ocea n St rategy Ki m Mauborgne 200530 150 blue oceans value innovation Kim Mauborgnefour actions framework 1 elim inate 2 reduce 3 ra ise 4create 2005 11 2 3 4 2005
圖 1: 藍海策略四項行動架構 51 2005 2006 1. eliminate 敎 2. reduce 敎 105
敎 3. raise 敎 full-time 敎 10 敎 敎 200619 1 敎 15 20 Logo 敎 敎 OT 4. create 敎 敎 敎 敎 full-time OT e 敎 10
2 Freedom Autonomy Creativity Energy learning to know learning to dolearning to live togetherlearning to be 敎 高 低 交通便利學生素質建築效能經營經費 師資學經歷課程實驗大學資源 政大附中 明星高中 社區高中圖 2: 政大附中的策略草圖 56 2006 四 策略管理的歷程 strategic management 11
2003138 2007 20061950 1 1 budget planning 2 forecast based planning 3 strategic planning 1 strategic management 表 1: 各階段策略思潮所對應的價值系統及管理焦點 management budget planning forecast based planning strategic planning strategic Gluck, F. W., Kauffman, S. P. and Walker, A. S.,1980. 200630 12
Fleisher Bensoussan strategic management process 2007 2005 2003 2008 2005 20072007 2008 Hill & Jones, 2008 ; Tutor2u, 2009a Weihrich, 1982 3 1 vision mission objective profile 2 external competitive environmant opportunities threats internal operating environmantstrentgths weaknesses SWOT SWOT SWOT 3 4 5 13
界定組織 願景 任務 環境分析 策略形成 策略執行 成效評估 與目標 圖 3: 策略管理歷程 144 2009a 五 結語 2004 參考文獻 2006 2005 2004 2000 2003 2002 SWOT 11 4-11 2008 14
2005 2006 2 8http://www.bookzone.com.tw/event/cb316/p02_02.asp 2005 C. S. Fleisher & B. E. Bensoussan 2007 2006b 2006 34-66 2008 165 63-80 2009a 2009 125-161 2009b 2009 31-103 2005 2007 2008 Hill, C. W. L., & Jones, G. R. 2008. Strategic management theory: An integrated approach 8 th ed.. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company. Marketing Teacher 2009. SWOT analysis: Lesson. Retrieved January 28, 2009, from http://www.marketingteacher.com/lessons/lesson_swot.htm Mintzberg, H., Ahlstrand, B., & Lampel, J. 2005. Strategy safari: A Guided tour through the wilds of strategic management. New York: Free Press. Tutor2u 2009b. Strategy-SWOT analysis.retrieved January 29, 2009, from http://www. tutor2u.net/business/strategy/swot_analysis.htm Weihrich, H. 1982. The TOWS matrix--a tool for situational analysis. Long Rang Planning, 15 2, 52-64. 15