カテゴリー Ⅱ 日本建築学会環境系論文集第 82 巻第 734 号,301-308,2017 年 4 月 J. Environ. Eng., AIJ, Vol. 82 No. 734, 301-308, Apr., 2017 DOI http://doi.org/10.3130/aije.82.301 無彩色背景における有彩色と無彩色ラインの弱視者の視認性 STUDY ON THE VISIBILITY OF CHROMATIC AND ACHROMATIC COLOR LINES FOR VISUALLY CHALLENGED PEOPLE 岩田三千子 * **, 北本裕之 Michico IWATA and Hiroyuki KITAMOTO Visually challenged people require visual contrasts between targets and backgrounds. The authors performed a laboratory experiment to gauge the visibility of lines under 100 lx and 1000 lx illuminance conditions. These lines provide an essential reference point in the walking field for the visually challenged. In this paper the authors show the visibility based on the contrast of lines and backgrounds by chromatic and achromatic color combinations. A total of 43 colors were used as target lines and three achromatic colors were used for the backgrounds. Thus, a total of 129 color combinations were used. Data from this experiment may assist in the designing of walking lines on pavement surfaces which could serve as guidance, warnings and other important or useful directions for visually challenged people. Keywords : visually challenged, amblyopia, luminance ratio, color, barrier free, leading JIS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7) 8) 9 10 11 12 13) CG 14) 2.0 15 * ** 摂南大学理工学部住環境デザイン学科教授 学博 大阪市立大学生活科学研究科客員准教授 学博 Prof., Dept. of Living and Environmental Design, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Setsunan Univ., Ph. D. Visiting Assoc. Prof., Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City Univ., Ph. D. 301
1 1 3 1m N5 2 75mm 1 4.5 1.5m 30cm 4m 5m N9N5N3 3 JIS 1 35 8 20 20 510 20 YRYGY 7 8 4 5 4 5 5 5 5P 4 5R5Y5G5B 2 15 LR C 1 2 LR = LL LS LL[cd/]LS[cd/] C =LbLt Lmax Lb [cd/]lt[cd/] LmaxLb, Lt [cd/] C C LR 3 4 Lb Lt C 11LR Lb Lt C 1LR1 1 129 2 MINOLTA LS110 JIS 210 1 8 3 5 JIS 100lx 10 1000lx 2 100lx1000lx 3 4 3 2 1 4 302
4381 31 15 16 2030 3 3 0.1 22 6 31 14 3 1000lx N9 4 6 5 26 5% 6 100lx N3 100lx N5 0.47 3.3 5 5 1000lx N9 5% 7 4 43 100lx1000lx N9 3 N5 N3 2 50%100lx 1000lx 100lx 1000lx 8 4 y b 0 8 80% 50% 80%100lx 0.8 0.7 1000lx 0.9 0.8 50%100lx 0.5 0.5 1000lx 0.6 0.5 0.33 0.29 100lx 1000lx 303
100lx 0.931000lx 0.90 100lx 1.181000lx 1.00 100lx 0.691000lx 0.55 1.210.97 100lx 1000lx 5 6 9 9 80% 50% 80%100lx 4.6 3.5 1000lx 7.1 5.6 50%100lx 2.1 1.9 1000lx 2.3 2.1 3.2.1 3.2.2 100lx 1000lx 1.50 1.40 5 6 10 5 100lx 0.931000lx 0.90 0.930.90 1 1 100lx 0.691000lx 0.58 0.700.71 5 6 4 x 3 4 5 6 y y a11lr+ b y a1lr1+ b ylr 4 20 11 11 5YR10GY 7 8 5G10R 4 304
5 N9 5G10R N3 5YR10GY 100lx 1000lx 100lx N9 5G5 5BG510R4 N5 5YR10GY N3 5YR5B5 30 80% 1000lx N9 5B5 5PB410R4 N5 5Y8 5Y4 N3 5YR10GY7 17 80% 5R45Y85G55B5 4 19 12 0 4 6 12 N9 5Y8 100lx 8 1000lx 10 50% 6 a b a 13 7 b 14 8 2 13 7 a 5Y8 100lx1000lx 100lx 5Y8 0.59 0.93 14 8 b 100lx 5Y8 0.67 0.82 6 7 8 y = (a1loge x + b1)xc + a2loge x + b2 yxxc a1 7 b1 7 a2 8 b2 8 7 7 15 9 5Y8 100lx 0.681000lx 0.77 0.860.95 0.69 305
17 1.52.5 18 2.0 19 50%100lx 2.1 1000lx 2.3 2.1 2.0 50% 2 50% 1000lx 5R4 5Y8 2.3 2.0 50% 20 5Y8/6 16 5Y8/6 2 100lx 61.6%1000lx 54.4%6 16 7 80% 10% 16 1 50% 5R4 100lx 4.21000lx 4.95Y8 100lx 7.9 1000lx 10.05G5 100lx 4.51000lx 4.95B5 100lx 4.71000lx 5.2 5Y8 7.910.0 4.25.2 2 50% 5R4 100lx 1.81000lx 2.35Y8 100lx 1.9 1000lx 2.25G5 100lx 1.91000lx 2.05B5 100lx 1000lx 1.9 50% 1.82.3 16 01000lx N9 N3N8N6N4N2 1000 N9 35% N3 28% 1000lx 100lx 1000lx 100lx 1000lx 3 8 35 306
1 2 2 50%100lx 2.11 1000lx 2.27 2.06 3 4 20 N9 5G10R N3 5YR10GY 80% 100lx 30 1000lx 17 45R45Y85G55B5 4 5Y8 55R45Y85G55B5 4 10%80% JIS VYVV1 21 1997 JSPS 26289208 24th Session of the CIE, 1999 21 1) 4 Vol.52pp.80-811997 2) 5 Vol.48 pp.788-7891993 3) Vol.2 pp.758-7591998 4) No.528pp.47-522000.2 5) No.707pp.65-742015.1 6) 502 pp.179-1861997.12 7) 41(Supplement)pp.148-1492005 8),, 35-1pp.63-772006.6 9) 15 pp.133-1361995.11 10) 4 Vol.57 pp.43-442002 11), 613 pp.89-94 2007.3 12) 4 Vol.58 pp.577-5782003 13) CG, 13pp.957-9631996.8 14), 1, 520pp.153-1581999.6 15) 2012.7 16) 732 pp.121-1282017.2 17) 29-41994 18) 2011 19) [2016 ]2016 20), No.18(2)pp.831-8341995.12 21) Michico IwataResearch on the visibility of tactile blocks for visually impaired people, 24th Session of the CIE, pp.123-125, 1999 307
STUDY ON THE VISIBILITY OF CHROMATIC AND ACHROMATIC COLOR LINES FOR VISUALLY CHALLENGED PEOPLE Michico IWATA * and Hiroyuki KITAMOTO ** * Prof., Dept. of Living and Environmental Design, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Setsunan Univ., Ph. D. ** Visiting Assoc. Prof., Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City Univ., Ph. D. In this study, the authors have sought under laboratory conditions to evaluate the visibility of the targets and the backgrounds consisting of 129 color combinations under two illuminance conditions. The results of our research are as follows: (1) The visibility of chromatic and achromatic color lines for visually challenged subjects suffering from defective eye conditions, such as retinal and or ophthalmological diseases, which included defective colour vision, were analyzed. Findings showed that subjects with diseases of the retina scored lowest for achromatic color lines. However, no significant differences were recognized between the groups suffering from defective eye conditions. Additionally, subjects with defective color vision showed low scores for the chromatic color lines. (2) The affirmation visibility rates of the achromatic color lines are represented by two graphs which show estimated formulas using luminance contrast or luminance ratio. Thus, a luminance ratio of 2 adhered to guidelines which indicated the leading road line for the almost half of the visually challenged subjects to be inadequate. (3) The affirmation visibility rates of the chromatic colour lines were greatly affected by the luminosity difference between the lines and the backgrounds. (4) The relationship between the affirmation visibility rates and chroma of 5R4, 5Y8, 5G5, 5B5 chromatic colour lines showed that as chroma increased, the affirmation visibility rate also increased. When the luminosity difference between these lines and the backgrounds increased, the effectiveness of the chroma did not impact upon the affirmation visibility rates. The 5Y8 line shows this characteristic especially. (5) The affirmation visibility rates of the 5R4, 5Y8, 5G5, 5B5 chromatic color lines are shown in the graphs, each with a rate of 10%. The affirmation visibility rates of chromatic color lines depend on the luminance ratio and the chroma is clearly depicted by these figures. (2016 年 7 月 9 日原稿受理,2016 年 12 月 28 日採用決定 ) 308