1006 9860(2011)05 0116 09 292 * 1 2 (1. 100035; 2. 100875) SIF CIF G434 A XML RDF RDFS OWL ; Web (Interoperability) :(1) JISC Web : ;(2)IEEE : / ;(3) : ;(4) : ( ) e-learning ;(5)CMU 1. e-learning : e-learning 1988 20 1988 AICC (Aviation Industry CBT Committee) 1997 IMS ADL * ( :BCA070052) ( :AJA10239) 116
292 dentity) (e-portfolio (International Federation for Design and Portability) (Repository Learning Education and Training Systems InteroperabilityLETSI) Federation and Interoperability) (Learning Design) (Performance Support) (Intellectual Property Rights Management) Web IMS ADL IEEE ISO/IEC 1 LETSI 2.e-Learning e-learning e-learning e-learning Dublin Core 1995 IMS IMS IMS(1995 ) e-learning QTI (Common CartridgeCC) ( Learning (Question and Test Interoperability Standard) Tools InteroperabilityLTI) (Learning (2000 ) 1997 ADL (Advanced Distributed Learning) ADL e-learning e-learning Information ServicesLIS)3 IMS e-learning (RAID :ReusabilityAccessibilityInteroperabiltyDurability) IMS ADL IMS IMS (1)2008 1 IMS AICC CMI SCORM CC (Common Cartridge format) 1.2 SCORM (Free the Content) CC 2004 e-learning SCORM1.2 CC e-learning 2000 2004 (IMS Content Packaging and IMS CISCO QTI) CC ;NETg Web Macromedia CC ( Adobe ) (2)2010 5 IMS Flash LIS Web e-learning LIS IMS (IMS Enterprise specifications) 1999 2001 11 e-learning ( LOM SCORMIMS Content Packaging) e- (3)2010 5 IMS Learning (Basic LTIBasic Learning Tools Interoperability) Web e-learning e-learning (Authentication and I- 117
292 e-learning API e-learning / e-learning LTI e-learning 1 AICC 2009 e-learning ( ) BlackBoard Moodle Sakai AN- GEL Learning ( )SIF e-learning e-learning SIF (Schools Interoperability Framework Association ) (http://www.sifassociation.org) (4)2010 9 SAFARI Montage IMS (Interoperability for Digital Media in Schools) 1997 80 2010 11 SMART IMS SIF IMS (Schools Interoperability Framework) SIF 3200 SMART SIF SIF (5)2010 11 IMS SIF e-learning 8 (the Accessi- SIF ble Portable Item Profile APIP) 2010 12 (Zone Integration ServerZIS) APIP 118
292 ZIS ZIS SIF W3C (Education Management Information System Interoperability Framework EMIF) [7] XML HTTP(S) SIF 2002 8 ( ZIS EMIF) CELTS-40 WD1.0 EMIF SIF (SIF CELTS Association AUSIFAU) (CELTS_40) SIF Towards SIF-AU SIF SIF SIFAU (EMIF)EMIF 3 :EMIF EMIF Towards SIF-AU EMIF SIF [8] SIF SIF 2010 4 SIF H.2 SIF [9][10] 2002 6 [11] SIF SIF SIF (Victoria Department of Education and Early Childhood Development) (Digital Education Revolution Initiative) e- Learning SIF 2 e-learning [6] IMS QTI SIF ( ) e-learning e-learning 2002 (CELTSC) CELTS 2001 SIF 119
292 3 : ; ; ; IT ; e-learning 10 2006-2020 2004 ( CMIS) ( / [12] / ) 140 (2010-2020 ) 2000 / 2009 120
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292 Agent CIF XML Agent : XML ; XML XML XML : (Agent); (Agent) ( ) CIF CIF : ; ZIS ZIS ZIS ZIS ZIS ZIS CIF ZIS 5 1. (Requester) (DEF_Request) ZIS ID(DEF_DestinationId ) ZIS (Provider) (Responder) ZIS (DEF_Provider) ZIS 5 (DEF_Request) (DEF_Response) (Provide) (Request) (Respond) (Subscribe) CIF ID 122
292 DEF_DestinationId ZIS CIF DEF_DestinationId ZIS CIF CIF_Message CIF_Ack ; CIF_Message CIF_Ack CIF_Messages CIF ZIS ZIS ID ZIS DEF_DestinationId CIF_Header CIF_Message CIF DEF_Ack ZIS CIF DEF_Ack ( )CIF DEF_ObjectData DEF_Error DEF_MorePackets 6 : ZIS 2. ID; 3 ZIS ; 1 2 ; ZIS (DEF_Subscribe) ZIS 3 ZIS 3; 3 ZIS ZIS ZIS ZIS ZIS ZIS ZIS ( ) CIF (DEF_Register) 7 ( ) 123
292 7 : 1 2 / 3 ; 3 ZIS (DEF_Event); ZIS CMIS 1 2 ZIS [1] Griff Richards.Interoperability frameworks for learning object 1 2 repositories[db/ol].www.sfu.ca/~mhatala/pubs/spain_2_ richardshatala.pdf. 3 [2] Mikael Nilsson Pete Johnston Ambjorn Naeve et al.. the future of Learning Object metadata interoperability towards an interoperability 7 framework for metadata standards[db/ol]. http://kmr.nada.kth.se/ papers/semanticweb/futureoflomi.pdf. [3] Norm Friesen. Interoperability and Learning Objects: An Overview ( ) CIF of E-Learning Standardization Interdisciplinary[DB/OL]. http://ijklo. org/volume1/v1p023-031friesen.pdf. 8 [4] Alenka Kavcic ˇ ˇ *.Specifications and standards for use of educational digital contentresearch Reflections and Innovations in Integrating ICT in Education[DB/OL]. http://www.formatex.org/micte2009/ CIF book/577-581.pdf. [5] Aroyo L. Dolog P. Houben G-J. Kravcik M. et al.. Interoperability in Personalized Adaptive Learning[J]. Educational CMIS Technology & Society 2006 9 (2): 4-18. [6] Bob Dolan Ellen Strain-Seymour Ashman Deokar et al. Next-Generation Assessment Interoperability Standards[DB/OL]. http://psychcorp.pearsonassessments.com/pai/ai/research/resources/ / CIP tmrsresources?squery. [7]. [DB/OL]. http://www.gzy.com.cn/ news/04mtpl/20060806_01.htm. [8][10]. SIF [J]. 2005(30):130-133. [9]. [R]. OA GCCCE20022002. [11]. SIF 8 [DB/OL].http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical_glxxxt 200206048.aspx. 8 ( CIP) [12] 2006-2020 [DB/OL].http://news. ( xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2006-05/08/content_4522878.htm. CIF ) CIF CIF shenjx@bjedu.gov.cn CIF lyshun@bnu.edu.cn) 誅 2011 3 1 SDK : / 124