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, 17 CCSSO,2004 18 Surveys of Enacted Curriculum, SEC 1 2 3 G 1 G 2 G 3 G=G 1 +G 2 +G 3 S=G 1 +2G 2 + 3G 3 N=S/Smax Smax S=S/G 2. SEC 1 25

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1. N., 2012-03-08 A05. 2. 2010-2020 EB/OL.http://www.gov.cn/ jrzg/2010-07/29/content_1667143.htm,2010-07-29/2017-03-16. 3 11,. J.,1994 4 :91-96. 4 12,,. : J., 2005 6 :152-156. 5 14,,,. J., 2015 10 :106-116. 6 16,. J.,2010 4 :67-71. 7. D.,2013. 8. M. 1999.24. 9. R. 2014:18. 10 AIP.High School Physics Textbooks EB/OL. http://www.aip.org/statistics/trends/reports/hstextbooks. pdf,2005-10-27/2017-03-16. 13. J.,2010 3 :46-49. 15,. J.,2007 24 :27-29. 17. M. 2003:10-11. 18 CCSSO. Cognitive Demand Categories for Science EB/OL https://secure.wceruw.org/seconline/ Reference/K12Taxonomy08.pdf,2004-05-25/2017-03-20. 108 29

dispel its dialogical space and discussing possibility as an educational content, and finally lose its due deed-guided function in practice. So, return ideology into its original meaning as idea in schooling, namely, transforming the ideology from a result conclusion as perfect tense into an individual opinion in definite real context, which may reproduce the vitality of ideology and effectively arouse students learning desire; furthermore, this will also provide possible space for students to re -comprehend and examine the persuasiveness of ideology through personal experience and rational thinking, making ideological education worthy its name as education, and finally carry out its value-guided function as common value in most wide social groups. Key words: ideology; common values; official knowledge; critical pedagogy; citizenship education. 29 International Comparative Study on the Difficulty and Characteristic of Experiment in Science Textbooks for High Schools Taking High School Physics Textbook as An Example LIAO Boqin, ZUO Chengguang & SU Yunna Center for Studies of Education and Psychology of Minorities in Southwest China Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China; The Research Center of Science Education in Southwest University, Chongqing 400715 China Abstract Physics is a science based on experiment. The difficulty of physics experiment in textbook is related to the achievement of physics learning goals. In order to obtain information about the relative difficulty level of experiment in our high school physics textbooks in the world, physics textbooks from ten countries are analyzed in this research, which are from the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Russia, Japan, Korea, Singapore, Australia and China. This study will provide reference for the compilation and revision of the experimental content of Physics Textbooks of senior high school in China. The results indicate that the width and difficulty of experiment in China both ranks first and the average depth of experiment in China ranks eighth. It means that the experiment of physics textbooks in China isn t difficult, and our physics textbooks on the hand of experiment show the characteristics of broad and shallow. Key words: high school ; physics textbooks; physical test;experimental difficulty ; international comparison 108