Ξ :,,,,,,,, : - -,,,,,,,,,, () 1.,,;,,,,,,-,,,,,,, Ξ 134
,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2., 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, -,, () :,,, 1.,,,,,,,,, 1 [] :,,1974,27 135
2004 4,,,,, ;, ;, 2.,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,:( ),, 2 : 3,,,,,, ( ), (incentive com2 patibility), 3.,,, 4,,,,, (), 2 [] : :,,, 3 [] :,,1994,264 4,23 136 1994,274
, 5,,,,,,,,,,,, -,,,,,,( Robin Paul Malloy),,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6,, - - 7 - -, -,: 8-200,,, 5,,,,,,,, 6 Robin Paul Malloy, L aw and M arket Economy : Reinterpreting the V alues of V alues of L aw and Economics, Cambridge Uni2 versity Press2000,p. 1-12. Introduction. 7,:,1998 8 [] A D :,,1992,635 137
2004 4,,,, () 1.,,,,,,,,,,,, () (),, 9,,,,,,,,, ( ) :, ;,,,,,,,,,,, 11,,,,,,,,(, ),,,,,, 12,, (Breton), :() : 10 9 []:,,1994,45 10 [] :,, 1994,24 11[]:,,1994,288 12:,1993,292 138
U p = U p (,a m ),U p,,a m 13,;,,,, :,, ;,,, ;, ;,,,,,, 14,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, () 1., :,,,,,,, 13 [] B. :,,1999,245 14,270 139
2004 4, ( ),,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,, 16,,,, 2., :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,, :,, 15[]:,, 1994,266, 16[]:,,1993,36 140,, ;, []:,, 1994,20,,,,,,,
,, 17,,,- () :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ), ( ), 19,,, 20,:,,, 21, 22,, (marginal cost),,, 18 17[]:,,1994,7 18[] :,,1992,(J M) 19:, 2002 ( 3 ) 20:,,90 % :, 1992 1 21,(social cost), (private cost) (external cost) = + D. C. North and R. P. Thomas, The Rise of Western World, Cambridge University Press, 1973, p. 3. 22,,,,, (opportunity cost), Posner, Economic A nalysis of L aw, Little Brown and Company, 1986,p. 6.,,,,,,,;, 141
2004 4,,,,, (rent seeking cost) 23,,,, ;,,,, () (),,,,( ) (), ( ),,, 24,,,,,,,, :,, 25,, 26,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 23,,, 24Buchanan, James M.,Rent Seeking and Profit Seeking, Buchanan et eds., Tow ard a Theory of the Rent Seeking Society 25[]:,,1999,94 26Elizabeth Hoffman Matthew Spitzer, The Coase Theorem, Some Ex peri mental Tests. 142,,, ;, (rent), (),,, ;, (rent - seeking) College Station : Taxas A M University Press, 1980.
,,, : ; ; 27 :,, :,? :,,, :,,,,?, :,,,,?,,,, (),,,, 28 : ; ; ;,,; 29, 30 ;, 27 :,,,,,,,,,:,,, :,,,,,,,,,, 28Posner, Economics of J ustice, Harvard University Press, 1983, p. 71. 29,,,,,,, 30:,1994,46 143
2004 4,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,-,,,, - - :, (effectiveness) ( ), :, ( ),,,, -,,, -, ( ) ( 31 31, 144,,,,1998,371
) 32,,,,, 10, 10,,,,,,,,,, () (),-,,,,,,,,,,,, :, :,,,,, 33,,, 32,, (rational calculator) : ( ),,,,,,,, 33[]:,, 1997,357 -,,,,,, ;,,,, 145
2004 4, 34,, ;,,?,:,, (),,,,,,,,,,,,, 35,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 36,, ;,, 34,, 35,, 1993,68 36,,,,, 146,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, ;, [] :-,,,,
,,, 37 -,,, Abstract : The assumption of the existence of a legal market is the precondition to do the economic analy2 sis. Generally, the malpractices in the run of the law appear in the dealings of the legal market. Supply and demand, cost and profit analysis, are important tools to do the economic analysis of the law. The government supplies the base of the legal institutions to market economy, as well as destroying and plun2 dering the base. The demand of the law is a process of public choice, with uncertainty, which may be exaggerated artificially, or underestimated artificially. If t he government becomes over sensitive to t he market, and over confident to interfere the laws and bylaws related to the market, it will lead the distor2 tion of non - market demand. The uncertainty of the legal cost also makes it hard to choose or to find the most efficient legislative and judicial systems. Key words : a legal market, supply and demand analysis to the law, cost and profit analysis to the law 37,,,,,,,,,,, 33,,292 147