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Journal of Latin American Studies Bimonthly Vol. 39 No. 4 2017 Abstracts 1 Populism in Latin America Principal Characteristics and its Cultural and Ideological Roots Yuan Dongzhen Abstract During the process of democratic development many countries had witnessed the emergence of populism and Latin America has been the most important field of populist practice. The scholars of international academia have done much research on populism in Latin America from different perspectives and yielded different opinions about its nature and consequences. Compared with that of other regions the populism in Latin America is characterized by its unique origin its toughness extensiveness diversity and its typical practice. The origination and development of populism not only has profound political economic and social factors but also has its ideological and cultural roots. The limitations of the traditional elitism the idea for social equality and nationalism the preference for charismatic leaders and political fantasy all provided nurturing soil and driving force for repeated occurrence of populism in the region. Because populism has dual influences on the political economic and social development in Latin America it is necessary to make a comprehensive and objective evaluation on this phenomenon so as to avoid simplistic onesided understanding about it as well as to eliminate its negative consequences. Key words populism political culture cultural tradition elitism nationalism clientelism 16 Populism in Latin America A Theoretical and Empirical Approach Dong Jingsheng Abstract The definition of populism in Latin America can be roughly divided according to its economic and political implication. The economic implication of populism is associated with import - substitution - industrialization ISI and Keynesianism which is mainly characterised by pro - industrialization government intervention expansionary fiscal policies as well as income redistribution. The political implication of populism includes political ideology strategy discourse as well as political logic and political style. The origin of Latin American populism can be traced back to the resistance of the authoritarian nature of the metropolitan revolution in late 19th century historically and to the influence of Krausismo culturally. The political system characterized by weak party system and underdeveloped civil society high inequality and frequent economic crises provided the nurturing soil for recurrent tides of populism throughout the history of Latin American countries which demonstrated its 154