107 14 11-28 1 2 1 2 687 F. Luthans K. W. Luthans B. C. Luthans 2004 positive psychology positive organizational behavior positive psychological capital
2 2009 Luthans self-efficacy optimism hope resilience Luthans & Youssef, 2004 Luthans, Avolio, Walumbwa & Li, 2005 Abbas, Raja, Darr, & Bouckenooghe, 2012 Cetin, 2011 Luthans, Avolio, Avey, & Norman, 2007 Luthans & Jensen, 2005 Luthans, Norman, Avolio, & Avey, 2008 Youssef & Luthans, 2007 2013 2013 Avey, Luthans, & Youssef, 2010 Chaudhary & Chaudhari, 2015 sujective well-being Diener Lucas Oishi 2002 cognitive and affective evaluations Diener, Suh, Lucas, & Smith, 1999 2010 Pan & Zhou, 2009 20112012 flourishing freshman 2016 20122014 2012 2012 2014 Wen Lin 2014
3 2012 2017 Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000 Snyder & Lopez, 2002 Luthans, 2002a, 2002b, 2003 state-like Luthans 2002b 1 2 34 5 Luthans, 2002a, 2002b Luthans et al.,
4 2007 Luthans, 2002a Luthans & Youssef, 2004 Luthans Luthans et al., 2004 Luthans & Youssef, 2004 Luthans, et al., 2005Luthans 12 3 4 Luthans et al., 2005 Luthans Youssef Avolio 2007 1 2 3 4 Luthans, Avey, Avolio, Norman, & Combs, 2006 multidimensional construct 2012 Luthans 2007 Snyder, Sympson, Ybasco, Borders, Babyak, & Higgins, 1996 Scheier & Carver, 1985 Wagnild & Young, 1993 Parker, 1998 24 PsyCap questionnaire, PCQLuthans et al., 2007 2009 2012 2012 Larson Eid 2008 2012 2014
5 2016 flourishing freshman languishing freshman 2012 2014 2014 2012 Diener 1984 Diener, 1984 Diener, Suh, & Oishi, 1997Diener 2002 Diener 1984 Diener 1999 Diener et al., 1997 2004 self-report Larsen & Eid, 2008
6 satisfaction with life scale Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985 positive and negative affect schedulewatson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988 affect balance scalebradburn, 1969 Diener 1985 Watson 1998 2007 2104 2008 2012 2016 2016 2016 2012 2012 Facebook 2006 2016 2102
7 2012 2014 2012 2014 2012 2014 2015 4 1 1
8 1,260 925 73% 687 74% 1 1 276 40% 411 60% 234 34% 178 26% 137 20% 138 20% 288 42% 399 58% 227 33% 460 67% 173 25% 514 75% 1 2-3 4-5 5 67 256 198 166 10% 37% 29% 24% 687 100%
9 2012 Luthans 2007 2012 5 20 Likert 6 5 4 3 2 1 18.88% 16.79% 19.03% 16.41% 71.11%.74.83.66.82.67.81.58.77 Cronbach s α.91.88.90.90.95 5-6 4-5 3-4 2-3 1-2 Diener 1985 2012 5 Likert 6 5 4 3 2 1 63.93%.71.86 Cronbach s α.89 5-6 4-5 3-4 2-3 1-2 Watson 1988 2012 10 Likert
10 6 5 4 3 2 1 39.96% 35.49% 75.45%.75.92.79.86 Cronbach s α.93.92 5-6 4-5 3-4 2-3 1-2 + IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 η 2 2 4.64 4.57 4.52 4.74 4.73 F = 34.30 p =.000.001
11 2012 2012 2014 2014 2012 2 F 1. 4.57.81 34.30*** 3(4) > 1(2) 2. 4.52.80 3. 4.74.73 4. 4.73.75 3(4) 3 4 ***p <.001 3 3.96 4.49 4.48 2.93 F = 756.83 p =.000.001 2012 3 F 1. 4.49.87 756.83*** 1(2) > 3 2. 4.48.82 3. 2.93.88 ***p <.001
12 4 λ =.96 p =.001 <.001 F = 5.55 p =.02 <.05 F = 10.43 p =.001 <.001 F = 7.52 p =.006 <.01 λ =.98 p =.043 <.05 F = 6.26 p =.01 <.05 F = 5.79 p =.02 <.05 λ =.98 p =.02 <.05 F = 6.28 p =.01 <.05 λ =.98 p =.45 >.05 λ =.99 p =.08 >.05 λ =.98 p =.32 >.05 2014
13 4 λ F η 2.96*** 1.12.04 1 2 5.55* 10.43*** 7.52** 1 > 2 1 > 2 1 > 2.98 n.s..01.99* 6.26* 1 > 2.01 1 2.99 5.79* 1.25 1 > 2.99 n.s..01.98* 6.28* 2 > 1.02 1 2 1.43.56.05.98 n.s..01 n. s. *p <.05, **p <.01, ***p <.001 5 λ =.97 p =.000 <.001 F = 15.99 p =.000 <.001 λ =.98 p =.04 <.05 F = 4.24 p =.006 <.01 2-3 5 1 λ =.98 p =.29 >.05 λ =.99 p =.12 >.05 λ =.99 p =.09 >.05 λ =.99 p =.55 >.05
14 5 λ F 2.97***.96.03 1 2 15.99**.72 1 > 2.98 n. s..01.99 n. s..01.99 n. s..01.99 n. s..01 1 1 2 2-3 3 4-5 4 5.98* 1.23 4.24**.56 2(4) > 1.01 n. s. *p <.05, **p <.01, ***p <.001 2008 20072012 2016 2012 2012 2-3 5 1 2012 20122012 2006 6
15.52.62.46.63 -.12 -.23 2012 2012 2014 2014 2012 6.52**.46** -.13**.48**.62**.63** -.19**.62**.59**.46** -.12**.51**.57**.57** -.23**.59**.69**.64** -.20**.67** **p <.01 7 1. F = 424.04, p =.000 <.001 R.62 R ².38 38% 38% β.62 p =.000 <.001 =.62 2. F = 643.54, p =.000 <.001 R.69 R ²
16.48 48% 38% β.69 p =.000 <.001 =.69 3. F = 487.74, p =.000 <.001 R.64 R ².41 41% 41% β.64 p =.000 <.001 =.64 4. F = 28.91, p =.000 <.001 R.20 R ².04 4% 4% β -.20 p =.000 <.001 = -.20 7 R R² R² F B β.62.438.38 424.04*** 3.98.62***.69.48.48 643.54***.24.69***.64.41.41 484.74*** 2.08.64***.20.04.04 28.91*** -.70 -.20*** ***p <.001 8
17 1. F = 153.69, p =.000 <.001.64 R ².40 40% 38% 34% 6% 1% β.34 p =.000 <.001.29 p =.000 <.001.10 p =.01 <.01 =.34 +.29 +.10 2. F = 168.24, p =.000 <.001.71 R ².50 50% 40% 38% 10% 2% 1% β.32 p =.000 <.001.28 p =.000 <.001.15 p =.000 <.001.09 p =.03 <.05 =.32 +.28 +.15 +.09 3. F = 182.01, p =.000 <.001.68 R ².44 44% 44% 39% 5% 1% β.41 p =.000 <.001.24 p =.000 <.001.11 p =.003 <.01 =.41 +.24 +.11 4. F = 38.24, p =.000 <.001.23 R ².05 5%
18 5% -.23 p =.000 <.001 = -.23 2012 2014 2012 2015 8 R R² R² R² F F B β 1..58.34.34.34 347.77*** 347.77*** 1.39.34*** 2..63.39.39.06 225.36*** 68.62*** 10.26.29*** 3..64.40.40.01 153.69*** 6.65**.39.10** 1..62.38.38.38 418.65*** 418.65***.07.32*** 2..69.48.47.10 309.03*** 124.15***.07.28*** 3..70.49.49.02 221.32*** 24.5***.03.15*** 4..71.50.50.01 168.24*** 5.04*.02.09* 1..63.39.39.39 439.60*** 439.60***.84.41*** 2..66.44.44.05 265.63*** 56.21***.54.24*** 3..68.44.44.01 182.01*** 8.75**.22.11*** 1..23.05.05.05 38.24*** 38.24*** -.55 -.23*** *p <.05, **p <.01, ***p <.001
19 2-3 5 1
20 Luthans Luthans, Youssef, & Avolio, 2007 micro-training interventions model Luthans, Avey, Avolio, Norman, & Combs, 2006 2-3 5 1
21 psychological well-being mindfulness grit learning engagement
22 2004 12 159-66 201032 1 64-69 20168184-185 2016 427-44 2013 15 432-35 2009 177-79 20097 1-23 201525 5 85-87 2012 22367-80 2012 8 419-52 2011 2008 3 273-85 20132135-138 2012 Facebook 2014 13 630-31 2014 10 423-46 2016 39 227-59
23 2014 12 4205-214 2012 2012 20 71105-1108 201696-8 2012 2014 27 10109-110 200738 4417-441 2013655-56 2012 38127-164 2012 331-22 2017 51 11-24 2006 Abbas, M., Raja, U., Darr, W., & Bouckenooghe, D. (2012). Combined effects of perceived politics and psychological capital on job satisfaction, turnover intentions, and performance. Journal of Management, 40(7), 1813-1830. doi: 10.1177/0149206312455243 Avey, J. B., Luthans, F., & Youssef, C. M. (2010). The additive value of positive psychological capital in predicting work attitudes and behaviors. Journal of Management, 36(2), 430-452. doi: 10.1177/0149206308329961 Bradburn, N. M. (1969). The structure of psychological well-being. Chicago, IL: Aldine Publishing Company. Cetin, F. (2011). The effect of the organizational psychological capital on the attitudes of commitment and satisfaction: A public sample in Turkey. European Journal of Social Science, 21(3), 373-380.
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25 1(2), 249-271. doi: 10.1111/j.1740-8784.2005.00011.x Luthans, K. W., & Jensen, S. M. (2005). The linkage between psychological capital and commitment to organizational mission: A study of nurses. The Journal of Nursing Administration, 35(6), 304-310. doi: 10.1097/00005110-200506000-00007 Luthans, F., Luthans, K. W., & Luthans, B. C. (2004). Positive psychological capital: Beyond human and social capital. Business Horizons, 47(1), 45-50. doi: 10.1016/j.bushor.2003.11.007 Luthans, F., & Youssef, C. M. (2004). Human, social, and now positive psychological capital management: Investing in people for competitive advantage. Organizational Dynamics, 33(2), 143-160. doi: 10.1016/j.orgdyn.2004.01.003 Luthans, F., Youssef, C. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2007). Psychological capital: Developing the human competitive edge. Oxford, UK: Oxford University. Parker, S. K. (1998). Enhancing role breadth self-efficacy: The roles of job enrichment and other organizational interventions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(6), 835-852. doi: 10.1037/ 0021-9010.83.6.835 Pan, Q., & Zhou, Z. (2009). Psychological capital, coping style and psychological health: An empirical study from college students. Proceedings of the 1 st International Conference on Information Science and Engineering (ICISE), 3391-3394. doi: 10.1109/ICISE.2009.860 Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1985). Optimism, coping, and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies. Health Psychology, 4(3), 219-247. doi: 10.1037/ 0278-6133.4.3.219 Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55(1), 5-14. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5 Snyder, C. R. & Lopez, S. J. (Eds) (2002). Handbook of positive psychology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Snyder, C. R., Sympson, S. C., Ybasco, F. C., Borders, T. F., Babyak, M. A., & Higgins, R. L. (1996). Development and validation of the state hope scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(2), 321-335. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.70.2.321 Wagnild, G. M., & Young, H. M. (1993). Development and psychometric evaluation of the Resilience Scale. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 1(2), 165-178. Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063-1070. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063 Wen, M. L. Y., & Lin, D. Y. C. (2014). Does psychological capital combat learning and adaptive
26 stress of college freshmen. Journal of Studies in Education, 4(1), 25-42. doi: 10.5296/jse. v4i1.4684 Youssef, C. M., & Luthans, F. (2007). Positive organizational behavior in the workplace: The impact of hope, optimism, and resilience. Journal of Management, 33(5), 774-800. doi: 10.1177/ 0149206307305562 Shih-I Cheng is a Graduate Student of Master Program of Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Pingtung University, Pingtung, Taiwan. Bor-Jen Cheng is an Associate Professor of Department of Early Childhood Caring and Education, Chung Haw University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan. (Corresponding Author) 106 04 06 106 05 18 106 06 09
National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Journal of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences 2018, 14(1), 1-28 THE CURRENT SITUATION OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL AND SUBJECTIVE WELLBEING OF TECHNICAL COLLEGE STUDENTS AND THEIR RELATEDNESS: USING THREE PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AS EXAMPLES Shih-I Cheng 1 Bor-Jen Cheng 2 1 Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Pingtung University 2 Department of Early Childhood Caring and Education, Chung Haw University of Medical Technology ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to explore the current situation of the psychological capital and subjective wellbeing of technical college students and their relatedness. The questionnaire survey method was utilized, with 687 students from three private universities of science and technology as research samples. The researcher employed the college student psychological capital scale and college student subjective wellbeing scale to collect empirical data. The repeated measured analysis of variance, multivariate analysis of variance, Pearson product-moment correlation analysis, and regression analysis was used to carry out statistical processing. Results show that technical college students have sound psychological capital and subjective wellbeing. Psychological capital shows significant differences in gender, participation in clubs, and work-study; subjective wellbeing shows significant differences in gender and average daily Internet surfing time. The technical college students psychological capital, satisfaction towards life, and positive emotions show a significantly positive correlation, while their negative emotions showed a significantly negative correlation. Optimism produces the greatest predictive power on subjective wellbeing, satisfaction towards life, and positive emotions; resilience produces the greatest predictive power on negative emotions. Based on the research results, several specific recommendations were proposed in this study to serve as a reference for technical
28 colleges in future research. Keywords: psychological capital, subjective wellbeing, technical college students