260 緒言 1992 total digestible nutrients, TDN 70% Johnson et al., 2003 Gaskins, 2001 Johnson et al., 2003 Johnson et al., 2003; Ouellet et al., 2003 Fi

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1 45(3) 259~272, 以玉米株青貯料部分取代完全飼糧對肥育豬生長性能與屠體性狀之影響 (1)(3) (2)(3) (1) (2) (1)(4) 摘要 : LYD 3 7.5% 10% % 10% P < % P < % 10% P < (1) (2) (3) (4) [email protected]

2 260 緒言 1992 total digestible nutrients, TDN 70% Johnson et al., 2003 Gaskins, 2001 Johnson et al., 2003 Johnson et al., 2003; Ouellet et al., 2003 Filya et al., 2006; Kleinschmit et al., 2006 Bernard et al., 2002; Ivan et al., 2005; Kamarloiy and Yansari, 2008; Kennington et al., Vetesi et al., 材料與方法一動物飼養 : CRD LYD % 10% kcal /kg 13.2% 1 AOAC CP EE CF Ash % NRC, 1998

3 261 DE = Ash 23 CP 38 EE 64 CF R 2 = 0.89 ME = DE CP R 2 = 0.91 DE kcal / kg ME kcal / kg 2 1 Table 1 The composition of a complete diet Ingredient (%) Corn meal Soybean meal Limestone 0.84 Calcium phosphate (monobasic) 0.38 Iodized salt 0.30 Vitamin premix 0.30 Mineral premix 0.20 Total Analyzed Dry matter (%) 88.0 Crude protein* (%) 15.2 Calculated Metabolizable energy* (kcal / kg) 3,766 Supplying (per kilogram): cupric sulfate (pentahydrate) 11.9 mg, manganese sulfate (monohydrate) 6.3 mg, sodium selenite (pentahydrate) 0.3 mg, zinc sulfate (heptahydrate) 0.22 g, iron sulfate (heptahydrate) 0.2 g Supplying (per kilogram): retinol 1,300 IU, cholecalciferol 150 IU, - tocopherol 11 IU, menadione 0.5 mg, thiamin 1 mg, riboflavin 2 mg, nicotinic acid 7 mg, choline 0.3 mg, cyanocobalamin 5 mg, folic acid 0.3 mg, d-pantothenate-hemi-calcium mg *Based on dry matter 2 Table 2 The level of nutrients within corn fodder silage Analyzed Dry matter (%) 29.8 Crude protein* (%) 9.0 Ash* (%) 2.2 Ether extract* (%) 2.2 Crude fiber* (%) 19.8 Calculated Metabolizable energy* (kcal/kg) 2,888 *Based on dry matter

4 262 3 kg 1 kg kcal 3 32 A-mode Renco lean meter New Jedia Inc., Taiwan mm 10 mm 3 Table 3 The composition of rations for individual groups 7.5% ME 10% ME --- kg --- CD CFS Water Total Calculated ME (kcal) 9,942 9,942 9,942 CP (g) CD: complete diet; CFS: corn fodder silage; ME: metabolizable energy ; CP: crude protein 二豬隻屠宰 : = / 三肉質分析 : 24 ph ( 一 )ph 測定 : 24 ph meter ProfiLine ph3110 Set 2, Xylem Inc., Germany ph = 4 ph = 7 ( 二 ) 肉色測定 : iniscan XE PLUS, Hunter Associates laboratory, Inc., USA 10 loin eye L a b L a

5 263 b National Pork Producers Council ( 三 ) 腰眼面積與背脂厚度 : inch inch 2 inch ( 四 ) 蒸煮失重 : % = 100% - / ( 五 ) 保水性測定 : 1 g Carver laboratory press 3, Carver, Inc., USA psi pound square inch 3 2B ( 六 ) 剪截值 (shear value): 1. 3 cm 0.8 cm 3 Warne-Bratzler Instron S5406A Bratzler meat shear fixture, Illinois Tool Works Inc., USA 四官能品評 : Fernandez et al cm 五數據分析 : SAS SAS Institute Inc., 1999 general linear models procedure, GLM ANOVA P 0.05 P < 0.05 Tukey s honest significant difference, HSD 結果 P < 0.05

6 % 10% 5 P < Table 4 The effect of corn fodder silage as partial s for a complete diet on the growth performance of finishing pigs n 7.5% ME 10% ME Means±SD Initial body weight (kg) ± ± ± 5.6 Final body weight (kg) ± ± ± 5.6 Daily weight gain (kg) ± ± ± 0.2 Daily intake (kg) ± ± ± 0.5 FCR ± 0.2 a 3.6 ± 0.3 b 3.6 ± 0.3 b FCR (based on dry matter intake) ± 0.1 a 2.5 ± 0.3 b 2.5 ± 0.2 b a,b Values within a row with different superscripts indicate significant differences at P < FCR: Feed conversion ratio (intake/body weight gain); DM: dry matter; ME: metabolizable energy 5 n = 8 Table 5 The effect of corn fodder silage as partial s for a complete diet on the backfat thickness and loin eye depth of finishing pigs (n=8) Initial In the end l 7.5% ME 10% ME 7.5% ME 10% ME Backfat Means±SD (mm) On the 4-5 th rib 17.3 ± ± ± ± ± ± 3.1 On the last rib 8.6 ± ± ± ± ± ± 3.3 On the last lumbar 8.9 ± ± ± ± ± ± 1.9 On the 10 th rib 8.0 ± ± ± ± ± ± 3.9 Loin eye depth 59.9 ± ± ± ± ± ± 6.0 l Pigs with initial body weight around 78 kg were raised in a 32-day period. ME: metabolizable energy

7 265 6 n = 6 Table 6 The effect of corn fodder silage as partial s for a complete diet on the carcass traits of finishing pigs (n=6) 7.5% ME 10% ME Means±SD Carcass weight (kg) 90.6 ± ± ± 5.1 Dressing percentage (%) 83.4 ± ± ± 2.2 Carcass length (cm) 86.3 ± ± ± 1.7 a,b Values within a row with different superscripts indicate significant differences at P < ME: metabolizable energy 7 n = 6 Table 7 The effect of corn fodder silage as partial s for a complete diet on the chemical composition of mucsle longissimus dorsi and tenderloin of finishing pigs (n=6) M. Longissimus dorsi Tenderloin 7.5% ME 10% ME 7.5% ME 10% ME Means±SD (%) Dry matter 30.9 ± ± ± ± ± ± 0.9 Crude protein* 55.6 ± ± ± ± ± ± 0.9 Ether extract* 43.2 ± ± ± ± ± ± 1.2 a,b Values within a row with different superscripts indicate significant differences at P < *Based on dry matter. ME: metabolizable energy P < % P < % 7.5% 10% P <

8 266 8 n = 6 Table 8 The effect of corn fodder silage as partial s for a complete diet on the meat quality of muscle longissimus dorsi and tenderloin of finishing pigs (n=6) M. Longissimus dorsi Tenderloin 7.5% ME 10% ME 7.5% ME 10% ME Means±SD # ph ± ± ± ± ± ± 0.31 L ± ± ± ± ± ± 1.68 a 3.42 ± ± ± ± ± ± 0.93 b ± ± ± ± ± ± 0.81 color 2.40 ± ± ± ± ± ± 0.41 Marbling 1.33 ± ± ± ± 0.00* 1.00 ± 0.00* 1.00 ± 0.00* Loin eye area (inch 2 ) ± ± ± ± ± ± 3.78 Backfat thickness (inch) 1.67 ± ± ± ± ± ± 0.43 Cooking loss (%) 0.64 ± ± ± ± ± ± 0.02 Water retention (%) 0.83 ± ± ± ± 0.04 b 0.87 ± 0.04 a 0.82 ± 0.04 b Shear value (kg) The cross-section of raw meat 1.63 ± ± ± ± ± ± 0.32 The slitting-section of raw meat 1.14 ± ± ± ± ± ± 0.15 The cross-section of cooked meat 2.99 ± ± ± ± 0.49 ab 4.09 ± 0.71 a 2.86 ± 0.53 b a,b The slitting-section of cooked meat 2.73 ± ± ± ± ± ± 0.46 Values within a row with different superscripts indicate significant differences at P < # ph24 : ph value of meat at 24 hours after slaughter. *The value, 0.00, of SD implied the marbling scores of tenderloin for all pigs in a group were the same. ME: metabolizable energy

9 267 9 n = 22 Table 9 The effect of corn fodder silage as partial s for a complete diet on the sensory evaluation of muscle longissimus dorsi and tenderloin of finishing pigs (n=22) M. Longissimus dorsi Tenderloin 7.5% ME 10% ME 7.5% ME 10% ME Means±SD Flavor 4.5 ± ± ± ± ± ± 1.2 Tenderness 3.9 ± ± ± ± ± ± 1.1 Juiciness 4.1 ± ± ± ± ± ± 1.6 Overall palatability 4.5 ± ± ± ± ± ± 1.3 Sensory evaluation using a seven-point descriptive scale (7 = extremely intense pork flavor, extremely tender, extremely juicy, and extremely desirable; 1 = extremely bland pork flavor, extremely tough, extremely dry, and extremely undesirable). a,b Values within a row with different superscripts indicate significant differences at P < ME: metabolizable energy 討論 7.5% 10% Troelson and Bell g kcal/kg 2486 kcal/kg P < 0.05 P < 0.05 Bauriedel et al., 1954; Henderickx et al., 1964 Gaskins, 2001

10 268 total mixed ration, TMR 10 TMR % 10 Table 10 The formula of total mixed rations containing corn fodder silage for finishing pigs Ingredient (%) 7.5% ME 10% ME Corn meal Soybean meal Corn fodder silage Limestone Calcium phosphate (monobasic) Soybean oil Iodized salt Vitamin premix Mineral premix Total Calculated Metabolic energy (kcal/kg) 3314 Crude protein (%) 13.2 Calcium (%) 0.45 Available phosphorous (%) 0.15 As the table 1 ME: metabolizable energy Hunt et al., 1993 ph Ranjit and Kung, %

11 % % x 1.155/ % kg x 2.7/ kg x 1.155/ kg x 3/ % 16.4

12 270 致謝參考文獻 AOAC, Official Methods of Analysis. 15th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC. Bauriedel, W. R., A. B. Hoerlein, J. C. Picken, Jr., and L. A. Underkofler Pig nutrition, selection of diet for studies of vitamin B 12 depletion using unsuckled baby pigs. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 2:468. Bernard, J. K., J. W. West, and D. S. Trammell Effect of replacing corn silage with annual ryegrass silage on nutrient digestibility, intake, and milk yield for lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85: Fernandez, X., G. Monin, A. Talmant, J. Mourot, and B. Lebret Influence of intramuscular fat content on the quality of pig meat - 1. Composition of the lipid fraction and sensory characteristics of m. longissimus lumborum. Meat Sci. 53: Filya, I., E. Sucu, and A. Karabulut The effect of lactobacillus buchneri on the fermentation, aerobic stability and ruminal degradability of maize silage. J. Appl. Microbiol. 101: Gaskins, H. R Intestinal bacteria and their influence on swine feeds. Page , Chapter 26 in Swine Nutrition. 2 nd ed. A. J. Lewis, and L. L. Southern, ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton, London, New York, and Washington DC. Henderickx, H. K., H. S. Teague, D. R. Redman, and A. P. Grifo, Jr Absorption of vitamin B 12 from the colon of the pig. J. Anim. Sci. 23:1036. Hunt, C. W., W. Kezar, D. D. Hinman, J. J. Combs, J. A. Loesche, and T. Moen Effects of hybrid and ensiling with and without a microbial inoculant on the nutritional characteristics of whole-plant corn. J. Anim. Sci. 71: Ivan, S. K., R. J. Grant, D. Weakley, and J. Beck Comparison of a corn silage hybrid with high cellwall content and digestibility with a hybrid of lower cell-wall content on performance of holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 88: Johnson, L. M., J. H. Harrison, D. Davidson, W. C. Mahanna, and K. Shinners Corn silage management: Effects of hybrid, chop length, and mechanical processing on digestion and energy content. J. Dairy Sci. 86:

13 271 Kamarloiy, M., and A. T. Yansari Effect of microbial inoculants on the nutritive value of corn silage for beef cattle. Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 11: Kennington, L. R., C. W. Hunt, J. I. Szasz, A. V. Grove, and W. Kezar Effect of cutting height and genetics on composition, intake, and digestibility of corn silage by beef heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 83: Kleinschmit, D. H., and L. Kung, Jr The effects of lactobacillus buchneri and pediococcus pentosaceus r1094 on the fermentation of corn silage. J. Dairy Sci. 89: NRC Nutrient requirements of swine, 10 th ed. USA National Research Counil, National Academy Press, Washington, DC. Ouellet, D. R., H. Lapierre, and J. Chiquette Effects of corn silage processing and amino acid supplementation on the performance of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 86: Ranjit, N. K., and L. Kung, Jr The effect of lactobacillus buchneri, lactobacillus plantarum, or a chemical preservative on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silage. J. Dairy Sci. 83: SAS Institute, Inc SAS/STAT User s guide ed. SAS Institute, Inc. Cary, NC, USA. Troelsen, J. E., and J. M. Bell Ingredient and processing interrelationships in swine feeds: IV. Effects of various levels and kinds of fibrous diluents in finisher rations, fed as meal or pellets, on performance and carcass quality of swine. J. Anim. Sci. 42: Vetesi, M., M. Mezes, T. Gaal, and G. Baskay Effect of bulk feeds (alfalfa hay, corn silage) on the metabolism and liver parameters of growing geese. Acta. Vet. Hung. 40:

14 J. Chin. Soc. Anim. Sci. 45(3):259~272, 2016 Effect of corn fodder silage as partial s for complete feed on the growth performance and carcass traits of finishing pigs Yu-Hsuan Ting (1)(3), Yueh-Tsu King (2)(3), Mei-Fong Lin (1), Tien-Shuh Yang (2) and Hen-Wei Wei (1)(4) ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to estimate the possibility of using corn fodder silage (CFS) as partial for a complete diet (CD) for finishing pigs. A total of 24 LYD pigs weighing around 78 kg were assigned randomly into three groups receiving a corn-soybean meal CD, a ration containing 92.5% metabolizable (ME) from CD and 7.5% ME from corn fodder silage, or a ration containing 90% ME from CD and 10% ME from CFS. Both water and feed were provided ad libitum in a 32-day period. Daily intake was recorded. Initial and final body weights were measured for calculating feed conversion rate and average daily weight gain. Before sacrificing for detecting carcass traits and the chemical composition, meat quality and sensory evaluation of mucsle longissimus dorsi and tenderloin, pigs were measured by ultrasonic for backfat thickness and loin eye depth in the end of the experiment. There were no significant differences in these indexes between groups except for feed conversion rate, water holding capacity, or the shear value of cooked meat. Both trials showed significantly higher feed conversion rates than that of the control (P < 0.05). The trial of 7.5% ME resulted significantly better in water holding capacity of tenderloin than did the other treatments (P < 0.05). Although no significant differences existed in the shear value of cooked meat between the control and both trials, the trial of 7.5% ME showed significantly higher value than that of the trial of 10% ME (P < 0.05). The price of corn fodder silage was only 2.5 NTD/ kg if its transportation fees were excluded, whereas days to market weight of finishing pigs receiving the ration containing the CD and CFS would be postponed in comparison with that of the pigs ingesting only the CD. This showed that using CFS as partial s for a CD had no commercial advantage due to an increase in cost. (Key Words: Carcass traits, Corn fodder silage, Finishing pig, Growth performance) (1) Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 50, Lane 155, Sec. 3, Keelung Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan. (2) Agriculture Technology Institute Taiwan, No. 52, Kedong 2nd Rd., Zhunan Township, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan. (3) Contribution equal. (4) Corresponding author, [email protected].

286 不同環境溫度對泌乳母豬繁殖性能及氮與能量消化率之影響緒言熱緊迫係熱帶及亞熱帶國家動物生產過程所遭遇之問題熱緊迫造成動物內泌素分泌量及型態改變, 減低飼

286 不同環境溫度對泌乳母豬繁殖性能及氮與能量消化率之影響緒言熱緊迫係熱帶及亞熱帶國家動物生產過程所遭遇之問題熱緊迫造成動物內泌素分泌量及型態改變, 減低飼畜產研究 43(4):285~295, 2010 廖宗文蕭合芬楊璻菁李恒夫 285 不同環境溫度對泌乳母豬繁殖性能及氮與能 (1) 量消化率之影響 (2)(4) 廖宗文 (2) 蕭合芬 (2) 楊璻菁 (3) 李恒夫收件日期 :99 年 2 月 3 日 ; 接受日期 :99 年 6 月 1 日

260 緒 言 1992 total digestible nutrients, TDN 70% Johnson et al., 2003 Gaskins, 2001 Johnson et al., 2003 Johnson et al., 2003; Ouellet et al., 2003 Fi

260 緒言 1992 total digestible nutrients, TDN 70% Johnson et al., 2003 Gaskins, 2001 Johnson et al., 2003 Johnson et al., 2003; Ouellet et al., 2003 Fi