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2 张素芳教授中国鱼病研究会常务理事中国鱼病研究会西部分会主任四川省水产学会常务理事 Executive director of the China Fish diseases Research Society Director of the China Fish diseases Research Society in the western branch Executive director of the Fisheries Institute of Sichuan Province

3 Ms. Zhang Institute of Aquaculture of Sichuan Province, China. Established the Department of Aquatic Animal Disease Control Professor. Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, the Southwest University, China Present Funder of Fangcao Pharmaceutical Co. Focusing on producing Chinese herb to treat and control aquaculture disease

6 6 美国鲶鱼协会, 市场推广

7 Two kinds of diseases have impact on the shrimp (Chinese shrimp, Penaeus chinensis)aquaculture! 两大疾病, 对虾养殖业造成二次冲击! 1. Whites Spot Syndrome, WSS ( 白斑综合征 ) 2. Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease, EMS 肝胰腺坏死症 ( 偷死病 ) However, infectious diseases are causing major aquaculture production losses in many countries, even having a significant negative impact in Chinese economies.

8 The ecological prevention and control technology of Whites Spot Syndrome(WSS) and Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease(EMS) (AHPNS) 对虾白斑综合症和肝胰腺坏死症生态防控技术

9 The ecological prevention and control theory and technology of WSS 白斑综合症生态防控理论与技术 The WSS disseminate is divided in two stage for individual occurrence and epidemic WSS 在养殖对虾池塘中个体发生与流行分为二个阶段 First, WSS individual occurrence relate to water physical and chemical factors. The solution is that regulation of water physical and chemical factors to prevent and control the WSS occurred in the shrimp. 首先,WSS 在养殖对虾种群中个体发生, 与水体理化因子有关

10 The ecological prevention and control theory and technology of WSS 白斑综合症生态防控理论与技术 Sceond, the WSS epidemic in population relate to the heathy shrimp eating dead shrimp. The solution is that the introduction of other species to form the predator-prey relation.

11 The ecological prevention and control theory and technology of WSS 白斑综合症生态防控理论与技术 -----The main reason for aquaculture population collapse is that the population structure of aquaculture ecosystem is too single. Lack of advantage competitors that can compete with health shrimp feeding dead shrimp in pond.

12 The process of WSSV leading to shrimp aquaculture population system collapse WSSV 导致养殖对虾种群系统崩溃过程 shrimp die of WSSV latent infection 潜伏感染 latent infection 潜伏感染因 WSSV 死亡对虾 Shrimp carried the WSSV 携带 WSSV 对虾 Healthy shrimp 健康对虾 Environmental stress--fundamental niche Latent infection turn into acute infection 环境胁迫作用 - 基础生态位潜伏感染转化为急性感染 population collapse The niche of individuals in a population of interaction 种群内个体相互作用生态位种群崩溃

13 disease shrimp appear Grass carp removes disease shrimp The mode of Grass carp removing disease shrimp Grass carp Healthy shrimp disease shrimp dead shrimp Healthy shrimp eat dead shrimp Shrimp began to die The spread of the WSSV The population began to collapse The process of WSSV leading to shrimp aquaculture population system collapse

14 Wss biological control mathematical model, experimental and simulation WSS 生物防控数学模型实验和模拟

15 Selection of fish 鱼类的选择 Freshwater fishes 淡水鱼类 (1) Feeding habit 摄食习性 According to the breeding of fish feeding habits, freshwater fishes in China can be divided into: 根据养殖期鱼类摄食习性, 可以将我国主要养殖淡水鱼类分为 : Herbivores : Parabramis pekinensis, bighead carp, silver carp, etc. 植物食性 : 鳊鳙鲢等 Carnivorous: Herring, Eel, Mandarin fish, Southern Catfish, Leiocassis longirostris, Snakehead, Channa maculata, Acipenser schrenckii, Erythroculter ilishaeformis, Protosalanx hyalocranius, Clarias leather, Chinese black sleeper, etc 动物食性 : 青鱼鳗鲡鳜鱼南方大口鲶长吻鮠乌鳢斑鳢史氏鲟翘嘴红鲌大银鱼革胡子鲶中华乌塘鳢等 Ominivorous: Grass carp, Carp, Crucian carp, Ricefield eel, Loach, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, Spinibarbus sinensis, Spinibarbus denticulatus, Squaliobarbus curriculus, Dace, Plagiognathops microlepis, Xenocypris argentea Gunther, Hemibarbus maculates, Mystus guttatus, Channa asiatica, Mullet, Plecoglossus altivelis, Pond Smelt, Carassius auratus, Tilapia mossambica, etc. 杂食性 : 草鱼鲤鲫黄鳝泥鳅黄颡鱼中华倒刺鲃光倒刺鲃赤眼鳟鲮鱼细鳞斜颌鲴银鲴花鱼骨斑鳠月鳢胭脂鱼香鱼池沼公鱼金鱼罗非鱼等

16 (2) According to the fish feeding ability, feeding method, activity, following freshwater fish can be used as a ecological control advantages fish of shrimp diseases : 根据鱼类摄食能力摄食方式活动能力以及获得的容易程度, 可以作为对虾病害生物防控优势鱼类 : 乌鳢 Ophicephalus argus 鲈形目攀鲈亚目鳢科鳢属鳜鱼 siniperca chuatsi 鲈形目鮨科鳜亚科鳜属斑鳢 Channa maculate 鲈形目鳢科鳢属罗非鱼 Tilapia 鲈形目鲈形亚目丽鱼科罗非鱼属中华乌塘鳢 Bostrychus sinensis 鲈形目塘鳢科乌塘鳢属南方大口鲶 Silurus soldatovi meridionalis 鲶形目鲶科鲶属长吻鮠 Leiocassis longirostris 鲶形目鲿科鮠属草鱼 Ctenopharyngodon idellus 鲤形目鲤科雅罗鱼亚科草鱼属翘嘴红鲌 Erythroculter ilishaeformis 鲤形目鲤科红鲌属青鱼 Mylopharyngodon piceus 鲤形目鲤科青鱼属革胡子鲶 Clarias leather 鲤形目胡子鲶科胡子鲶属史氏鲟 Aclpenser Schrenckii 鲟形目鲟科鲟属大银鱼 whitebait 鲑形目银鱼科银鱼属鳗鲡 Anguilla japonica 鳗鲡目鳗鲡科鳗鱼属

17 Marine fishes 海水鱼类 (1) Feeding habit 摄食习性 According to the breeding of fish feeding habits, Marine fishes in China can be divided into: 根据养殖期鱼类的摄食性质, 可以将主要养殖海水鱼类分为 : Herbivorous : Barracuda, Mugil cephalus, etc. 植物食性 : 梭鱼鲻鱼等 Carnivorouse: Lates calcarifer, Lateolabrax japonicus, Epinephelus akaara, Epinephelus daemelii, Epinephelus lanceolatus, Trachinotus ovatus, cobio, Lutjanus argentimaculatusm, Lethrinus nebulosus, sparuslatus, Plectorhinchus cinctus, Hapalogenys nitens, Takifugu rubripes, Takifugu ocellatus, Paralichthys lethostigma, Pseudosciaena crocea, etc. 动物食性 : 尖吻鲈花鲈赤点石斑鱼斜带石斑鱼鞍带石斑鱼棕点石斑鱼卵形鲳鲹军曹鱼紫红笛鲷星斑裸颊鲷黄鳍鲷花尾胡椒鲷斜带髭鲷红鳍东方鲀弓斑东方鲀漠斑牙鲆大黄鱼等 Omnivorouse: Sciaenops ocellatus, Lutjanus sanguineus, pagrosomus major, Rhabdosargus sarba, Takifugu obscurus, etc. 杂食性 : 眼斑拟石首鱼红笛鲷真鲷平鲷暗纹东方鲀等

18 (2) According to the fish feeding ability, feeding method, activity and easy to get, following seawater fish can be used as a ecological control advantages fish of shrimp diseases 根据鱼类摄食能力摄食方式活动能力以及获得的容易程度, 可以作为对虾生物防控优势鱼类 : 尖吻鲈 Lates calcarifer 鲈形目尖吻鲈科尖吻鲈属花鲈 Lateolabrax japonicus 鲈形目鮨科花鲈属赤点石斑鱼 Epinephelus akaara 鲈形目鮨科石斑鱼亚科石斑鱼属斜带石斑鱼 Epinephelus coioides 鲈形目鮨科石斑鱼亚科石斑鱼属鞍带石斑鱼 Epinepheluslanceolatus 鲈形目鮨科石斑鱼亚科石斑鱼属棕点石斑鱼 Epinephelus fuscoguttatus 鲈形目鮨科石斑鱼亚科石斑鱼属卵形鲳鲹 Trachinotus ovatus 鲈形目鲹科鲳鲹亚科鲳鲹属军曹鱼 Rachycentron canadum 鲈形目军曹鱼科军曹鱼属紫红笛鲷 Lutjanus argentimacularus 鲈形目笛鲷科笛鲷属星斑裸颊鲷 Lethrinus nebulosus 鲈形目裸颊鲷科裸颊鲷属黄鳍鲷 Sparus latus houttuyn 鲈形目鲷科鲷属花尾胡椒鲷 Plectorhynchus cinctus 鲈形目石鲈科胡椒鲷属

19 3). Fish for health and activity weak shrimp feeding selectivity 鱼类对健康对虾和活动力弱对虾的摄食选择性 3.5g/tail shrimp 3.5 克 / 尾的虾 (input amount:health and activity weak shrimp both are 30 tail ) ( 投入量 : 各 30 尾健康虾和活动力弱的虾 ) 0.6g/tail shrimp 0.6 克 / 尾的虾 (input amount:health and activity weak shrimp both are 30 tail ) ( 投入量 : 各 125 尾健康虾和活动力弱的虾 ) 21% 14% 79% 86% 健康虾 ( 尾 ) 活动力弱的虾 ( 尾 ) 健康虾 ( 尾 ) 活动力弱的虾 ( 尾 ) Health shrimp activity weak shrimp Health shrimp activity weak shrimp 100 g/tail cobia on a variety of specifications to Litopenaeus vannamei feeding capacity 100 克 / 尾军曹鱼对各种规格凡纳滨对虾的摄食选择性

20 c c1 2 To determine the capacity of fish in controlling WSS, we performed the experiments in four sizes of shrimps (1.3 g, 2.5 g, 5.0 g, 7.8 g). We released one 1-kg grass carp with 750 healthy shrimps in 10 m2 tank. In this setting, we released different number of infected shrimps (see Exp. Table 4). Stars (*) represent the number of infected shrimps successfully controlled by one 1-kg grass carp while clear circles (o) represent the number of infected shrimps that failed to be controlled by one 1-kg grass carp. Based on the model 3, we simulated to determine the threshold (red line) of the number of infected shrimps controlled by one 1-kg grass carp. The red line is simulated highest value of one 1- kg fish that can control the number of infected shrimps with different weights of shrimps.

21 The ecological prevention and control technology of Whites Spot Syndrom 对虾 WSS 生物防控技术 (1) Grass carp biological prevention and control of WSS 对虾 WSS 草鱼生物防控技术 (2) Cat fish biological prevention and control of WSS 对虾 WSS 革胡子鲶生物防控技术 (3) Grass carp and Cat fish biological prevention and control of WSS 对虾 WSS 草鱼和革胡子鲶联合生物防控技术 (4) sciaenops ocellatus biological prevention and control of WSS 对虾 WSS 美国红鱼生物防控技术 (5) Cobio biological prevention and control of WSS 对虾 WSS 军曹鱼生物防控技术 (6) Rrouper biological prevention and control of WSS 日本囊对虾 WSS 石斑鱼防控技术 (7) Tilapia biological prevention and control of WSS 罗非鱼 WSS 生物防控技术

22 Acknowledgments Dr. Jianguo He Zhongshang University in China

23 2. Shrimp Hepatopancreati Necrosis ecological control technology EMS 对虾肝胰腺坏死症生态防控技术 AHPNS

24 Etiology analysis of shrimp hepatopancreas necrosis 对虾肝胰腺坏死症病因分析 Normal liver pancreas 正常肝胰腺 Hepatopancreas necrosis 肝胰腺坏死症

25 Causes for shrimp hepatopancreas necrosis 对虾肝胰腺坏死症发生的原因 (1) When shrimp seed carrying large numbers of pathogens, the shrimp seed will die in 10 days. (2) During the early stage of cultivation, toxic algae or a large amount of algae death in pond, will result in massive of shrimp death in 2-3 days (3) During the late stage of cultivation, when the toxic and harmful physical and chemical factors of pond water exceed the standard,will result in shrimp chronic poisoning and pathogenic diseases. (4) During the late stage of cultivation, toxic algae or a large amount of algae death in pond,will form environmental stress. After that pathogenic diseases will happen. The former two cases commonly referred to Early Mortality Syndrome(EMS). The latter two cases generally referred to as "the secretly death. In fact, all the four cases are result of action of environmental stress and pathogenic. The primary factor are the physical and chemical factors and poisonous, harmful algae and dead algae. The fundamental reason is that the amount of shrimp aquaculture is large than environmental capacity. So, we call them all hepatopancreas necrosis.

26 Environment Pathogens Immunity Resistance 2014/11/17

27 1, Before breeding shrimp must clean up the pond by dredging, washing, turning over, insolating, disinfecting, flooding the pond. Those method need 30 days.

28 2 Culture water 培水 The death of toxic and harmful algae and algae is one of the reasons leading to massive of shrimp suddenly died during the early stage of cultivation and the the shrimp gradually died during the late stage of cultivation. Overfertilization of the pond will lead to excessive algae. Improper measures and the changes weather, also easy to cause the death of algae. Shrimp in poisonous and harmful algae environment, feeding poisonous or harmful algae, feeding a large number of death algae will die. Therefore, algae is unfavorable overmuch before the shrimp seed putting into the pond. And the water colour is un favorable too dark. The transparency of water shoud be 60-80cm. And shound not see the the bottom of the pond. Poorer water quality areas are not suitable for aquaculture shrimp. The main reason is the need to improve the water quality.

29 3 苗种数量和质量 Strictly control the number of shrimp seed 严格控制苗种数量 miao Closed culture mode 封闭式养殖模式 Seedling density of ordinary White Prawn is 3-4 million tail /acer. Seddling density of fast growth White Prawn varieties are 2-3 million tail /acer. Intensive penaeid shrimp culture 高位池养殖模式 (1) If the pond is small than 2 acres, the common shrimp should be less than tail / acre, the fast growth White Prawn varieties should be less than tail / acre. (2) If the pond is around 2 acres, the common shrimp should be around tail / acre, the fast growth White Prawn varieties should be less than tail / acre. (3) If the pond is big than 5 acres, the seedling density should be corresponding to further reduce.

30 4 Strictly control the feeding quantity 严格控制饲料投喂量 For example, in closed ponds, if put the fast growth shrimp of tail / acer into the pond, and the feed coefficient is 1.2, breeding weight is tail /kg, breeding time is about 70 days, the feed bait should be about 600 kg/acer; If you put the same density of ordinary shrimp, and farming time is 70 days, the feed bait should be about 300kg/acer. In order to reduce the environment stress, in the breeding process, the putting feed bait for a total volume of 600 kg should be in 100 days, rather than in 70 days. Too much bait is the main cause of the pond environment stress. 饵料过量投喂是池塘环境胁迫的最主要原因 In order to improve the environment, not only control the seedling density, regulation of water quality,but also control the feeding amount of bait per unit time per unit area.

31 Table 1. the feeding amount in the former 20 days 表 1 养殖前 20 天饵料投喂量参考表日龄增加量 ( 公斤 \ 天 \10 万尾 ) 日投喂量 ( 公斤 \ 天 \10 万尾 ) 料型白虾草虾花虾白虾草虾花虾白虾草虾花虾

32 Table 2. Feed type conversion, feed table amount and feed measuring time reference table 表 2 料型转换料台量及测料时间参考表 age(day) 料型料台量 % / / / 测料时间 / / /

33 Measuring water, Regulation of water, farming shrimp 测水调水养虾 The critical values of some water quality index represents healthy shrimp environmental carrying capacity, or the critical value of shrimp infected by the pathogen tolerance to environmental stress. Determination of physical and chemical indexes of some water, through the regulation of water quality and technology to provide scientific basis for prevention of HPNS. Table 3 test water water physical and chemical index. 测定指标正常范围必须采取措施的阈值测定周期 ph <8 或>9 或日波动次 / 天 DO 3-6 <3 2 次 / 天氨氮 > 次 / 天亚硝基氮 >0.2 1 次 / 天硫化氢 > 次 / 天余氯 0 >0.1 1 次 /5 天盐度按虾种和季节定 1 次 /5 天透明度 > 60 或< 20 1 次 /3 天总碱度 < 60 1 次 /7 天总硬度 1 次 /7 天弧菌 0-500; 虾苗菌落数少于 150 个 > 3000 个 /ml, 虾苗菌落数大于 150 个 1 次 /10 天总磷 ppm > 300 或< 50 1 次 /15 天可溶性钙 > 100 或< 10 1 次 /15 天白班病毒 IHHNV 0 > 100 个 /mg 组织 1 次 /15 天

34 GPS area measurement instrument 测亩仪

35 Water Quality Analyzers parameters 检测参数 Range 测试范围 Ammonia 氨氮 mg/l Dissolved oxygen 溶解氧 mg/l Copper 铜 mg/l Chlorine 余氯 mg/l Hydrogen sulfide 硫化氢 mg/l Nitrite 亚硝酸盐 mg/l PH 酸碱度 Phosphate 磷酸盐 mg/l The total iron 总铁 mg/l Chrome 铬 mg/L Total alkalinity 总碱度 mg/l Total hardness 总硬度 mg/l

36 Use the non specific virus shrimp to do the detection of vibrio 使用无特定病毒虾苗, 进行弧菌检测 1.Shrimp WSSV, IHHNV, TSV and YHV should not be detected. 虾苗 WSSV IHHNV TSV 和 YHV 不得检出 (PCR 一步法检测技术 LAMP 检测技术荧光定量 PCR 检测技术 ) 2.The method of detection of Shrimp (length <0.5cm) using the TCBS plate detection. 虾苗 ( 全长 <0.5cm) 用 TCBS 平板检测 The content of Vibrio not more than 30 CFU/ tail. The conten of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (green bacteria) must not exceed 3 CFU/ tail. The method of detection of Shrimp (length of cm) using the TCBS plate detection. The content of Vibrio not more than 50 CFU/ tail. The conten of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (green bacteria) must not exceed 6 CFU/ tail.

38 Shrimp Diseases( 虾病 ) Not found the Shrimp diseases timely 发现太晚 Not prescribe specific medicine for illness 不能对症下药 Not use the right treatment 用错了产品

39 Approved products in Aquaculture by the State Ministry of Agriculture in China Chemical Chinease Herb

40 The principle of Chinese herbal medicine 中草药的原理 1.Traditional Chinese medicine fundamentally cure the disease and prevention has long history. 2.It contain various chemicals play a role.

41 Not easy to find lethal Dose Effective Dose of great No withdrawal period Disease Terminator No resistance 无休药期治本无耐药性中草药优点 Advantages of Chinese herbal

42 Use Tips 1.Prevention is major 2.Combination of Chemical or Antibiotics for treatment.

43 The effect factors of Chinese herbal

44 Intestine( 肠道 )

45 Production Process Grinding 目

46 Ultrafine comminution technology Cell wall Plant Cell Membrance Chloroplast Nucleus Vacuole Cytoplasm

47 Exposure of effective components

48 Electron microscopy

49 Quality of traditional Chinese medicine and the seasons

50 The relationship between quality and price of traditional Chinese Medicine

51 promlem Only qualitative, not quantitative

52 Look Color

53 Smell

54 Taste

55 Touch

56 chromatography Equipment thin layer chromatography; thinlayer HPLC

58 Medicine and Bait Mixer 药饵搅拌机

60 Stress

62 Control aflatoxin from feed Parasite Vibrio Viruses.

63 Other problems in China Labor is more expensive Electricity is more expensive Human negligence are increasing What shall we do?

64 Aerator under water 微孔曝气增氧 The oxygen increasing machine is placed in the water at the bottom of pond, have the aeration pipe, gas explosion plate etc.. 放置于水体底部的增氧, 有曝气管爆气盘等

65 Microporous Aerator 微孔增氧

66 Substrate Modifying Aerator / Swell Aerator ( 底质改良机 / 涌浪机 ) Not too much water, saving energy, promotes the overall water cycle,improved substrate.

67 原理

68 Remote Aerator Monitor and Controller 远程增氧控制器

69 用户案例

70 用户案例

71 用户案例

72 用户案例

73 用户案例

74 用户案例 Customer use smartphone to control Aerator

75 用户案例 Customer learn to use mobile phone to control in field

76 The function of remote controller ( 鱼儿乐远程控制器的功能 ) 24 hours of uninterrupted monitoring water temperature, dissolved oxygen Real-time transmission to the user's mobile phone Unlimited distance, whenever and wherever possible management pond Know problems by the Data Graph, prevention is better than rescue Automatic, manual, timing, remote start stop aerator

83 uyuyu.com.cn 00272

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<4D6963726F736F667420576F7264202D20A46AA4AFACECA7DEA46ABEC7B1D0AE76ACE3A873AD70B565A6A8AA47B3F8A769A4AFACE33938303637> 大仁科技大學教師研究計畫成果報告長期照護中心之室內空氣品質評估計畫編號 : 仁研 9867 執行期限 :98 年 1 月 1 日至 98 年 12 月 31 日主持人 : 馮靜安執行單位 : 職業安全衛生系 ( 所 ) E-Mail:[email protected] 一中文