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1 建筑能效标识的实践与思考 Practice and Thoughts on Building Energy Efficiency Labeling 郝斌 Center of Science and Technology of Construction(),MOHURD Bin Hao 主要内容 Contents 建筑能效标识比对 Building Energy Efficiency Labeling 我国建筑能效标识简介 Introduction of Building Energy Efficiency Labeling in China 试点实施情况分析 Analysis of Pilot Projects 思考 Thoughts

2 为什么要做? Why Labeling? 客观反映能耗状况 ( 谁想知道?) Reflect the Energy Consumption (Who wants to know?) 建筑节能监管手段 ( 建立能耗数据库 ) A Method of Building Energy Efficiency Supervision (Building Energy Consumption Database) 实施激励政策的基础 ( 几个关系 ) The basis to implement incentive policies (several relationships) 怎么办? How to do it? 民用建筑节能条例 ( 国务院令第 530 号 )Civil Building Energy Efficiency Regulation (State Council Order 530) 新建国家办公建筑和大型公共建筑的所有权人应当对建筑的能源利用效率进行测评和标识, 并按照国家有关规定将测评结果予以公示, 接受社会监督 New state owned office building and large public buildings SHOULD apply Building Energy Efficiency Evaluation & Labeling, and make available to public. 十二五建筑节能专项规划 ( 建科 [2012]72 号 ) 严格执行民用建筑能效测评标识和民用建筑节能信息公示制度 Twelfth Five-Year Building Energy Efficiency Plan (MoHURDS&T.Dep.[2012]72)

3 怎么办? How to do it? 绿色建筑行动方案 ( 国办发 [2013]1 号 )Green Building Action Plan (State Council Office [2013]1) 1. 创新既有建筑节能改造工作机制, 节能改造工程完工后, 应进行建筑能效测评, 对达不到要求的不得通过竣工验收 After the completion of Building Energy Efficiency Retrofit Process, should apply Building Energy Efficiency Evaluation 2. 加强公共建筑节能管理, 对新建改扩建的国家机关办公建筑和大型公共建筑, 要进行能源利用效率测评和标识 For new or expended state owned organization office and large public building, need to apply Energy Efficiency Evaluation & Labeling 主要内容 Contents 建筑能效标识比对 Building Energy Efficiency Labeling 我国建筑能效标识简介 Introduction of Building Energy Efficiency Labeling in China 试点实施情况分析 Analysis of Pilot Projects 思考 Thoughts

4 基本定义 Definition ( 一 ) 建筑能效测评 Building Energy Efficiency Evaluatio 对建筑物能源消耗量及其用能系统效率等性能指标进行检测计算, 并给出其所处水平的活动 The measuring, calculating and rating activities to exam the energy consumption and energy system efficiency as well as other performance indexes of a building. ( 二 ) 建筑能效标识 Building Energy Efficiency Labeling 依据能效测评结果, 对建筑物能耗等相关信息向社会明示的活动 The activities to reveal the building energy consumption information to public, based on the Energy Efficiency Evaluation results. 发布文件 Published Regulations 1. 民用建筑能效测评标识管理暂行办法 Interim Management Approaches for Civil Building Energy Efficiency Evaluation & Labeling 2. 民用建筑能效测评机构管理暂行办法 Interim Management Approaches for Civil Building Energy Efficiency Evaluation institution ( 建科 [2008]80 号 )(MoHURD S&T.Dep. [2008]80) 3. 建筑能效标识技术标准 Standard for Building Energy Performance Certification (JGJ/T )

5 建筑能效标识证书 Certificate 标识框架体系 The Framework of BEE Evaluation & Labeling 标识主体 Subject 建设单位或建筑所有权人 the project owners or the building owners 建筑分类 Types of Building 国家机关办公建筑和大型公共建筑 Office building and large public building (Mandatory) 申请国家和省级节能示范或者绿色建筑评价标识的建筑 Apply for national /provincial demonstrative building or green building labeling (Mandatory) 其它自愿申请建筑 Building voluntary apply for the labeling (Voluntary) 星级 Level 一 ~ 三星级 One to Three 标识机制 Labeling Method 监管 Supervision 国家级测评机构 National evaluation institution 全国范围 Entire Country 管理部门 Agency 住房和城乡建设部 MOHURD Guidance 省级测评机构 Provincial evaluation institution 管理部门 Agency 地方建设主管部门 Local Management 本行政区域 Administrative Areas

6 等级划分 The level 相对节能率作为主要判定依据 "Relative energy-saving ratio" as the main decision 根据标准, 建筑能效标识等级调整为三个等级 According to the standard(jgj/t ), the level adjustment for three level. 居住建筑等级划分 :the level of Residential building: 标识等级 Level 相对节能率 η Relative energy-saving ratio 0 η<15% 15% η<30% 规定项 Compulsory Item 均满足要求 Both meet the requirements 选择项 Options Item 若得分超过 60 分 ( 满分 130 分 ) 则再加一星 If the score above sixty (full score is one hundred and thirty), It can add one pentagram. 节能率 η energysaving ratio( 相对 80 年代建筑的节能率 Relative to 80's) ( 按 65% 标准换算 According to the standard 65%) 65% η <70.25% 70.25% η < 75.5% 节能率 η energysaving ratio( 相对 80 年代建筑的节能率 Relative to 80's) ( 按 50% 标准换算 According to the standard 50%) 50% η <57.5% 57.5% η <65% η 30% η 75.5% η 65% 等级划分 The level 根据标准, 建筑能效标识等级调整为三个等级 According to the standard(jgj/t ), the level adjustment for three level. 公共建筑等级划分 :the level of Public building: 标识等级 Level 相对节能率 η Relative energy-saving ratio 规定项 Compulsory Item 选择项 Options Item 节能率 η energy-saving ratio( 相对 80 年代建筑的节能率 Relative to 80's) ( 按 50% 标准换算 According to the standard 50%) 0 η<15% 若得分超过 60 分 ( 满分 150 分 ) 则 50% η <57.5% 再加一星均满足要求 If the score above sixty 15% η<30% Both meet the (full score is one 57.5% η <65% requirements hundred and fifty), It can add one pentagram. η 30% η 65%

7 标识两阶段 2 Phases of Labeling ( 一 ) 建筑能效理论值 Stage of the theoretical calculated value 建筑工程竣工验收合格后, 建设单位或建筑所有权人根据工程设计施工情况, 提出该建筑的建筑能效理论值 After a building passed its final construction acceptance, the construction organization or building owner propose the theoretical calculated value, according to building design and construction status. 注 : 设计后? 竣工验收前? 有效期? Note: After design? Before construction acceptance? period of validity? 标识两阶段 2 Phases of Labeling ( 二 ) 建筑能效实测值 Stage of the actual measured value 理论值标识后, 建设单位或建筑所有权人应当委托测评机构对项目的采暖空调照明电气等能耗情况, 进行为期不少于 1 年的现场连续实测, 获得建筑能效的实测值 After recording the theoretical value, the construction organization or building owner should request a Evaluation Organization to carry out the continuous energy consumption field measuring of HVAC, lighting, electrics etc. for no less than a year, in order to retrieve the actual measured value. 注 : 检测与监测? 有效期? Measuring or Monitoring? Validity?

8 能效标识管理部门 Management of labeling 测评标识流程 The flow chart 理论值标识阶段 ( 有效期 1 年 ) Stage of the theoretical calculated value 实测值标识阶段 ( 有效期 5 年 ) Stage of the actual measured value 根据测评结果向建设主管部门申请, 按统一规定格式样式标识 Apply and labeling 6 软件评估 software evaluation 建筑所有权人 Building Owners 1 提供申请材料 Provide application materials 国家级 / 省级测评机构 National /Provincial evaluation institution 2 文件审查 document review 现场检查 site inspection 性能测试 performance testing 出具理论值测评标识报告 Provide report of the theoretical calculated value 4 提供相关运行资料 Provide information of operation 运行实测检验 Actual testing and inspect to building 出具实测值测评标识报告 Provide report of the actual measured value 3 5 与其他标识关系 the relationship with other labeling system 室内环境 indoor Title environmen t 运营管理 Operations management 节地 land saving 绿色建筑标识 Green Building Labeling 节材 material saving 节水 water saving 节能 energy saving 照明电气 Lighting& electrical 建筑能效标识 BEE Evaluation & Labeling 暖通空调 HVAC 围护结构 building envelope 门窗性能标识 windows performance labeling

9 测评机构 Evaluation Organization 定义 :Definition 获准认定的能够对建筑物能源消耗量及其用能系统效率等性能指标进行检测评估工作的机构 Permitted organizations which are able to carry out evaluations of the energy consumption and energy system efficiency as well as other performance indexes of a building. 测评机构分布 the distribution of national /provincial evaluation institution ---national evaluation institution, seven institutions Others---provincial evaluation institution, more than 100 institutions

10 测评内容 evaluation item 民用建筑能效测评 Building Energy Efficiency Evaluation residential building 居住建筑分别测评 evaluation separately 公共建筑 public building 基础项 Basic Item 规定项 Compulsory Item 选择项 Options Item Heating&AC energy consumption per unit area (kwh/m 2 a), Relative energysaving ratio 建筑物单位面积采暖空调耗能量相对节能率 0 η< 15% 15% η <30% η 30% 围护结构采暖空调系统照明系统必须满足的项目 Item that building envelope, HVAC system and lighting system must meet the request 窗 window 热桥 thermal bridge 锅炉效率 boiler efficiency EHR 对高于国家现行建筑节能标准的用能系统和工艺技术加分的项目 Item that can get extra points for higher than standard in energy use system and technology 可再生能源 renewable energy sources 自然通风采光 Natural ventilation and lighting 能量回收 energy recovery 其他节能措施 other 测评软件比对结果分析 The result analysis of evaluation software comparison 软件比对节能率均方根误差判定 :RMSE of energy-saving rate 软件比对节能率离差判定 :Deviation of energy-saving rate 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% -5.0% A B C D E F -10.0% -15.0% -20.0% 推荐使用的软件 :Recommended software: TRNSYS PKPM DesT

11 测评软件比对 software comparison 建筑能效标识软件比对分析 software 核心比对 Core 界面部分比对 Interface part 其他软件发展与应用 Development and Application of other software 软件使用者 Users 其他参与支持 Other support 适用范围与特点 Scope and characteristics 工作界面 Working interface 基础数据库 database 输入参数 input parameters 输出结果 The output 程序兼容性与扩展性 compatibility and extensibility 内核技术文档 ; 热过程模拟的基本算法基本假设 Core technology document; basic algorithm of thermal process simulation, basic assumptions 通过模拟案例统一软件内核的默认参数, 验证软件内核在热过程模拟的一致性 ; through unified software core default parameters to verify the consistency of the thermal process simulation 通过模拟案例比较软件内核计算结果的差异性 Compare the differences in calculation results of the core by case 提出并确定建筑能效标识软件相关输入输出参数 Proposed some of the related input and output parameters of the software 主要内容 Contents 建筑能效标识比对 Building Energy Efficiency Labeling 我国建筑能效标识简介 Introduction of Building Energy Efficiency Labeling in China 试点实施情况分析 Analysis of Pilot Projects 思考 Thoughts

12 省市实施概况 Provinces and Cities Implement Status 部分省市如江苏上海重庆厦门深圳天津北京海南湖北广东山东山西宁夏陕西广西湖南等组织制订了相应的省级管理办法和实施细则 Provinces and Cities such as Jiangsu, Shanghai, Chongqing, Xiamen, Shenzhen, Tianjin, Beijing, Hainan, Hubei, Guangdong, Shandong, Shanxi, Ningxia, Shanxi, Guangxi, Hunan etc. have published provincial management approach and implementation guidelines. 江苏上海广东山西重庆等省市制定了符合当地建筑节能特点的地方技术标准或导则 Provinces such as Jiangsu, Shanghai, Guangdong, Shanxi, Chongqing have published local technical standard or guideline based on local conditions. 省市制订的标识管理办法 Provincial Labeling Approach 部分省市主要文件部分规定江苏 Jiangsu 上海 Shanghai 重庆 Chong qing 厦门 Xiamen 深圳 Shenzhen 其他省市 others 江苏省建筑能效测评标识管理实施细则 ( 苏建科 [2011]816 号 ) 关于开展上海市民用建筑节能竣工检测评估工作的通知 ( 试行 ) ( 沪建安质监 [2009] 第 029 号 ) 重庆市建筑能效测评与标识管理办法 ( 渝建发 [2008]19 号 ) 关于开展民用建筑能效测评与标识工作的通知 ( 厦建节 [2011]24 号 ) 深圳经济特区建筑节能条例申请办理建筑节能专项验收服务指南 1. 建筑能效测评标识分为理论值和实测值两个阶段理论值测评标识应在项目竣工验收之前进行, 实测值测评标识应在建筑物正常使用后进行 2. 建筑能效标识等级按照测评结果划分为三个等级, 并以星为标志 3. 测评人员应持有省住房和城乡建设厅核发的建筑能效测评人员工作手册和建筑能效测评人员章民用建筑节能竣工检测评估, 是指纳入能效测评标识范围内的民用建筑在竣工验收之前, 由建设单位委托经本市建设行政主管部门认定的能效测评机构, 对建筑能源消耗量及其能源系统效率等性能指标进行检测计算, 给出建筑能效是否达到节能设计标准的活动建筑节能竣工检测评估属于建筑能效测评标识的理论值阶段, 其结果如达不到节能设计标准, 不得予以竣工验收建筑工程项目未经建筑能效测评, 或者建筑能效测评不合格的, 不得组织竣工验收, 不得交付使用, 不得办理竣工验收备案手续建筑能效标识等级分为 Ⅰ 级 Ⅱ 级 Ⅲ 级建筑能效理论值测评标识在建筑节能工程分部质量验收合格后, 建筑节能专项验收备案前, 建设单位或建筑所有权人委托有资质的能效测评机构进行建筑能效理论值测评, 并在申请建筑节能专项验收备案时, 向厦门市建设与管理局同时提出建筑能效标识申请实行建筑物能效标识制度市主管部门可以根据建设单位或者建筑物所有人的自愿申请, 组织相关行业协会和中介服务机构, 对建筑物的能源利用效率进行等级评定需进行建筑能效测评标识的项目, 应同时提交深圳市建筑能效测评标识申报书及建筑能效测评机构出具的能效理论测评报告北京天津湖北陕西河南宁夏广西海南...

13 发布的地方标准部分省市江苏上海广东山西重庆 Local Labeling Standards 发布的地方标准 Local Standards 江苏省工程建设标准民用建筑能效测评标识标准 (DGJ32/TJ ) Civil BEE Evaluation & Labeling Standard (DGJ32/TJ ) 上海市工程建设规范民用建筑能效测评标识标准 (DG/TJ ) Civil BEE Evaluation & Labeling Standard (DG/TJ ) 广东省工程建设地方标准民用建筑能效测评与标识技术规程 (DBJ/T ) Civil BEE Evaluation & Labeling Technical Regulation (DBJ/T ) 山西省工程建设地方标准建筑能效测评与标识标准 (DBJ ) BEE Evaluation & Labeling Technical (DBJ ) 重庆市建筑能效测评与标识技术导则 BEE Evaluation & Labeling Technical Guideline ( 渝建发 [2008]19 号 ) 纳入当地法律体系的省市 Law Reinforced Region 部分省市主要文件部分规定重庆 Chongqing 陕西 Shanxi 安徽 Anhui 青岛 Qingdao 其他省市 Others 重庆市建筑节能条例 Civil Building Energy Efficiency Regulation 陕西省建筑节能条例 Civil Building Energy Efficiency Regulation 安徽省民用建筑节能办法 Civil Building Energy Efficiency Approach 青岛市民用建筑节能条例 Civil Building Energy Efficiency Regulation 1. 建筑工程项目竣工后, 建设单位应当持有关批准文件, 以及设计施工监理用材等资料和其他与能效测评有关的资料, 向建设行政主管部门申请建筑能效测评建设行政主管部门收到申请后, 对资料齐备的, 应当在十五日内完成建筑能效测评工作经测评达到建筑节能强制标准要求的, 根据测评结果发给相应的建筑能效标识和证书, 作为享受有关优惠政策的依据 ; 经测评达不到建筑节能强制标准要求的, 应当出具建筑能效不合格意见 2. 建筑工程项目未经建筑能效测评, 或者建筑能效测评不合格的, 不得组织竣工验收, 不得交付使用, 不得办理竣工验收备案手续 1. 应当组织对既有公共建筑的节能性能测评, 并根据测评结果和建筑节能专项规划的要求制定既有公共建筑节能改造计划, 报本级人民政府批准后实施 2. 从事建筑节能测评的机构, 应当依法通过计量认证, 具备国家规定的专业技术人员和检测装备等条件, 并对其测评报告的真实性和准确性负责 1. 国家机关办公建筑和大型公共建筑的所有权人, 以及建筑节能示范工程和财政支持实施节能改造的建筑所有权人, 应当对建筑能效进行测评和标识, 并按照国家规定将测评结果公示, 接受社会监督 2. 从事建筑能效测评的机构应当具备法定资质条件, 按照民用建筑节能强制性标准和技术规范对民用建筑能源利用效率进行检测, 出具的测评报告应当真实完整 3. 违反本办法规定, 能效测评机构提供虚假信息的, 由县级以上人民政府建设行政主管部门责令改正, 没收违法所得, 并处 5 万元以上 10 万元以下罚款建设主管部门应当加强对民用建筑工程用能评估设计施工监理竣工验收能效测评及商品房销售等环节节能标准执行情况的监督宁夏广西湖南浙江江苏上海吉林山西天津广东湖北...

14 项目情况 Project status 目前 7 批 342 个项目获得标识, 居建 156 项, 公建 186 项 7 announcement and 342 total labeling projects, including156 residential building and 186 public building 项目情况 Project status 342 个建筑能效项目省市分布情况 The provinces distribution of the 342 projects. the number the provinces

15 项目情况 Project status 标识等级分布情况 the level distribution 气候区域分布 the climateregional distribution severe cold cold Hot summer& cold winter Hot summer& warm winter 单位面积采暖空调耗能量 kwh/m2 a 项目情况标识项目能耗值情况 ( 按气候区域 ) building energy consumption(according to the climate region) Unit:Heating&AC energy consumption per unit area(kwh/m 2 a) Project status 公共建筑能耗值 Public buildings 单位面积采暖空调耗能量 kwh/m2 a 居住建筑能耗值 Residential building

16 单位面积采暖空调耗能量 kwh/m2 a 项目情况 Project status 标识项目能耗值情况 ( 居住建筑 ) building energy consumption(according to the public building) 同一星级不同气候区域 The same level but different climatic region 严寒寒冷夏热冬冷夏热冬暖 severe cold & cold Hot summer& cold winter Hot summer & warm winter 单位面积采暖空调耗能量 kwh/m2 a 同一气候区域不同星级 The same climatic region but different level 主要内容 Contents 建筑能效标识比对 Building Energy Efficiency Labeling 我国建筑能效标识简介 Introduction of Building Energy Efficiency Labeling in China 试点实施情况分析 Analysis of Pilot Projects 思考 Thoughts

17 思考 Thoughts 1. 拓宽标识建筑范围? 修订标识等级 Expend the labeling into more building categories? Change the labeling ratings. 2. 与现有建筑工程质量监管体系的衔接 The connection with the current building construction quality supervision system. 竣工验收之前, 完成设计? Before construction acceptance, after design phase? 3. 与绿色建筑标识和门窗标识之间的关系 The relationship with the Green Building Labeling and Door&Window Labeling. 标识等级与绿标等级对应关系? The corresponding relationship between energy efficiency labeling rating and green building labeling rating. 4. 分级管理 Management grades 和和住建部 or 省级?MoHURD or Provincial? 思考 Thoughts 5. 测评机构管理 Management Evaluation Institution 两级管理? 竞争 / 退出机制? two-level administration system? Competition / exit mechanism? 6. 数据库建设, 能耗标准化 Database, standardization of energy consumption 7. 软件参数评价标准, 核 / 壳 Software index evaluation standard, shell /core

18 谢谢! Thank you! 欢迎意见与讨论! Welcome Opinions and Discussions!

National and Provincial Life Tables Derived from China’s 2000 Census Data

National and Provincial Life Tables Derived from China s 2000 Census Data Yong Cai Department of Sociology University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0250 yong.cai@soc.utah.edu Feburay 21, 2005 Data available